- Historical data shows that many students struggled with basic math skills like fractions and division in the past, even before calculators were available, showing conceptual understanding has long been a challenge. - Research demonstrates that the brain is malleable and an enriched learning environment is key to maximizing students' potential. Problem-solving approaches to math instruction that focus on sense-making and communication of ideas have been shown to develop students' "mathematical power" and belief in their own math abilities. - Effective math lessons involve students collaboratively solving problems and sharing their work, while teachers clarify concepts. Computation is still important but should be taught after conceptual understanding, and parents can support math learning at home through everyday activities.