The document discusses approaches to humanizing mathematical education by focusing on children's innate mathematical abilities and powers of abstraction. It advocates designing pupil-centered activities that occupy students and allow the teacher to withdraw as an authority. Examples of such activities include open-ended investigations that students explore independently and "Do, Talk and Record" activities where students collaborate, explain their work, and record their findings. The goal is to shift emphasis from the teacher and external criteria to students' internal mathematization processes.