This document discusses subcultures and countercultures and their relationship to mainstream culture. It defines mainstream culture as forms of culture that are widely accessible and intended for mass consumption, while subcultures and countercultures consciously challenge the values, ideas, and structures of mainstream culture through their actions and practices. Subcultures tend to be youth-oriented groups that exist outside of the mainstream, while countercultures have the explicit goal of changing the world through their cultural objects and political views. The document also examines how popular representations influence perceptions of subcultures and how subcultures articulate complex politics through demanding attention, connecting to other modes of politics, and engaging with social spaces.
Australian Popular Culture: 2013 - 2014 Top 50 Australian ‘Pop Culture’ Ico...Yaryalitsa
The TOP 50 Australian 'Pop Culture' Icons of 2013 - 2014
Informs about what is CULTURE, POP CULTURE, COUNTERCULTURE, SUBCULTURE, HIGH AND LOW CULTURE, etymology of the word and attempts to inform 'its understanding' in society/community.
Downloading the PowerPoint will show full animation and transition of slides.
Australian Popular Culture: 2013 - 2014 Top 50 Australian ‘Pop Culture’ Ico...Yaryalitsa
The TOP 50 Australian 'Pop Culture' Icons of 2013 - 2014
Informs about what is CULTURE, POP CULTURE, COUNTERCULTURE, SUBCULTURE, HIGH AND LOW CULTURE, etymology of the word and attempts to inform 'its understanding' in society/community.
Downloading the PowerPoint will show full animation and transition of slides.
A general overview of culture, pop culture, fads, trends, and zeitgeist in the media. Includes a quick look at the top five global brands. Created for education in media studies.
my report for Media 331: Media and Popular Culture at the College of Mass Communication, University of the Philippines Diliman - PhD Media Studies program
Presentation slides for LucyTV week in Approaches to Visual Culture, Berklee College of Music, Lori Landay. Videos not included. For more information, see the book I Love Lucy, Wayne State University Press.
It also explains about what is popular culture, themes of popular culture and also it explains about how it affect the individual - gender discrimination with more self explanatory images
A general overview of culture, pop culture, fads, trends, and zeitgeist in the media. Includes a quick look at the top five global brands. Created for education in media studies.
my report for Media 331: Media and Popular Culture at the College of Mass Communication, University of the Philippines Diliman - PhD Media Studies program
Presentation slides for LucyTV week in Approaches to Visual Culture, Berklee College of Music, Lori Landay. Videos not included. For more information, see the book I Love Lucy, Wayne State University Press.
It also explains about what is popular culture, themes of popular culture and also it explains about how it affect the individual - gender discrimination with more self explanatory images
1 Rebeca Eunice Vargas Tamayac Hip-hop from the .docxShiraPrater50
1
Rebeca Eunice Vargas Tamayac
“Hip-hop from the perspective of Cultural Studies”
Stories don’t have happy endings
here in the maws of these gray cities
where gray murals hide the sad
gray lives of unhappy men and women
for whom justice never arrives because it is mute and deaf,
as well as blind, refusing to see everything that I see.
And I see oppression, repression, exclusion - I see marginalization and exploitation
I see some in grief and others picking through waste
Because that is the base of this fucking system
Fragment of “Lo que veo” (What I See), song from Bacteria Soundsystem Crew, 2010
Over the last ten years, hip-hop has become a reference for thousands of youth to identify, speak
for, and organize themselves. In the case of Guatemala and of Latin American countries, hip-hop
finds its base in the so-called marginal areas of the city, made up of precarious settlements,
sometimes normalized, but generally materially and symbolically differentiated from the
dominant culture.
In order to understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to analyze it from different points of
view. The objective of the essay is to address hip-hop in Guatemala City as an object of study
from the perspective of Cultural Studies. I start from a concept of urban, youth and popular
cultures in order to understand hip-hop as a contemporaneous phenomenon of cities around the
world and end with a proposal on how to make a multidisciplinary analysis of cultural creations
of those who identify or can be identified within this group.
Approaching the topic
I begin by considering hip-hop as a subculture. Subculture is understood as a: “cultural minority
that occupies a subaltern position in relation to the dominant culture or to a parental culture.
Youth cultures are subcultures in both senses.” (Feixa, 1999: 271).
From this perspective, hip-hop is a subculture. However, it is not my objective to see hip-hop as
a sub-product of life in the city, and to relegate it to secondary happening, based on a central
dominant culture. Although I understand that the development of hip-hop takes place thanks to
the condition of subalternity, when I refer to hip-hop, I do so as a culture1.
2
To approach the study of hip-hop, I propose to use four perspectives: as urban culture, as youth
culture, as popular culture, and from the relationship of hip-hop with industrial culture. I will
finish by detailing my proposals as related to hip-hop in Guatemala.
Hip-hop as urban culture
Since their emergence, cities have been organized around the social differences of the groups
that make them up. The fully urbanized part of the city is occupied by middle and upper classes.
While the middle and upper layers are located in the areas of greater urbanization, the less
favored social and economic layers are relegated to the marginal areas of the city. In Guatemala
City these are situated, for the most part, ...
Popular culture is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody the most broadly shared meanings of a social system. It includes media objects, entertainment and leisure, fashion and trends, and linguistic conventions, among other things.
History paper - Disney and US ImperialismCultural ImperialismI.docxfideladallimore
History paper -
Disney and US Imperialism
Cultural Imperialism
Imperialism can be defined as the guiding principle of broadening a nation's power by the acquiring of other countries, or by the formation of financial and political authority over other nations.
Cultural
imperialism can then be defined as the cultural impact of imperialism. This can mean many different things, as culture is such a broad term. When looking at popular culture and cultural imperialism, it is important to look again at the concept of dominant culture. The dominant culture is created, controlled, and spread by the ruling class. The ruling class refers to those individuals or corporations with the most economic power and cultural influence. The political actions of a nation, or the values and beliefs of a society, could be examples of cultural elements that are affected by cultural imperialism, and that is what is being referred to in this lecture.
The Commodification of American Culture
The global power of American culture has been in full effect since the 19th century, when distinctly American commodities were exchanged with other nations on an increasingly large scale. These consumer products ended up being sold in countries such as Britain, or other Western European countries, and this helped to spread dominant American culture. With the advent of mass media, particularly radio and television broadcasting, American consumerist culture was further circulated throughout the world. American cultural commodities, such as films, cars, fast food, music, etc., have increased American influence on an international scale. In turn, some of the commodities produced by the United States since the 1950's have arguably become symbolic of American culture.
Coca-cola
, McDonalds, and Disney products have gained international recognition of what America represents, and this is problematic for a number of reasons. Most importantly, consumer products, or the ideologies that are attached to them, should not ultimately define American culture. Unfortunately, people from nations that have no direct knowledge of American people or their values, have developed opinions about the United States that are based upon capitalism, and its products.
Consumerism and Identity
Regardless of whether the ideologies, or beliefs that have become attached to popular commodities have been placed there intentionally or not, the "cultural work" that these American products perform must be examined. This "cultural work" functions by implying to audiences, or consumers, of cultural products, that they should think or feel a certain way, and that buying this consumer product ultimately means that the consumer is buying into the ideology attached to it. For example, McDonalds is known around the world, and there is a McDonalds restaurant in nearly every country in the world today.
The beliefs attached to McDonalds' products on the surface reveal family values, fun, and enjoyment. However, underneath th.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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#First_India_NewsPaper
3. MAINSTREAM CULTURE
O Mass culture (dominant/ mainstream
culture) - forms of culture that are
accessible, widely available, and intended
for consumption by as many people as
possible.
• Example: Hollywood blockbusters, pop
music on the Billboard top 40, broadcast
television, video games,…
4. MAINSTREAM CULTURE
O 2 ways that things might be seen as
dominant:
• Number of people that listen to it, watch it,
or participate in it.
• Core set of beliefs, ideas, and identities
that are circulated through forms of popular
culture.
5. OTHER STREAMS
O Subcultures and Countercultures are
groups that challenge the
values, ideas, and structures of
mainstream culture consciously and
directly through their actions and
practices.
6. OTHER STREAMS
O The concepts of subcultures and
countercultures opposes a minority group
to the majority.
O There is no subculture or counterculture
that is dominant.
8. SUBCULTURES
O A group of people within a culture which
differentiates them from the larger culture
to which they belong.
O Conceived as disenfranchised, disaffected
and unofficial.
O Exist underground, outside of the
mainstream of society.
9. SUBCULTURES
O Often identified with youth groups and
youth culture.
O In contemporary societies, youth have
creatively expressed their dissatisfaction
with the social norms by adopting
unconventional practices, lifestyles, and
attitudes.
10. COUNTERCULTURE
O Groups whose goal is to change the
world.
O They have their own privileged set of
cultural objects (e.g. countercultural
music) through which they
express, articulate, and consolidate their
political views.
11. COUNTERCULTURE
O What makes a culture a counterculture is
its contravention and contradiction of not
just mainstream politics, but also the
culture that produces these politics.
O Example: The Sixties
• Lifestyle was expressed by the adoption of
communal living, vegetarianism, drug use,
open sexuality, etc.
12. DIFFERENCES
O Their boundaries are permeable.
O They share many things in common; what
distinguishes them is the degree to which
they emphasize politics as part of their
practices and activities.
13. DIFFERENCES
SUBCULTURE COUNTERCULTURE
Subculture describes
things as diverse as
science-fiction fans,
gay and lesbians
communities, the
lifestyle of singles,
Japanese-Americans,
squatters,…
Counterculture pulls up
a much more limited
range of topics:
communes, the Sixties,
new social movement
(women‟s rights, the
Civil Right
movement)…
14.
15. DIFFERENCES
SUBCULTURE COUNTERCULTURE
- Subcultures may be
political in their aims
and activities.
- The power of
subcultures comes from
the tensions created by
the relationship
between subcultural
practices and the
practices of majority
culture.
- Countercultures are
explicitly political.
- They are motivated by
dissatisfaction with
dominant social and
political institutions and
a desire to
fundamentally alter
these values.
16. DIFFERENCES
SUBCULTURE COUNTERCULTURE
- Smaller social
canvas.
- Limited to specific
„scenes‟ or locales,
or the dominance of
youth within them.
- More commonly
viewed as self-
indulgent practices.
- Bigger social canvas.
- Unlimited to specific
„scenes‟ or locales,
or the dominance of
youth within them.
- Countercultures work
out their political
commitments more
explicitly & engage
them more directly.
18. REPRESENTATIONS
O Representation plays a crucial role in how
we conceive of these sub- and
countercultures.
• Example: Our sense of the Sixties has
been based on an accumulated sludge of
television and film
representations, documentaries, and
experience with Sixties “classic” rock.
20. FORREST GUMP
O Forrest represents merely the experience
of mainstream culture.
O Jenny represents an alternative path
through recent U.S history – the dark side
of Forrest‟s generally blissful (or at
least, blissed out) experience.
21. FORREST GUMP
O Jenny appears in Playboy, gets involved
with hippies and peaceniks, becomes
involved with Students‟ Democratic
Society, becomes suicidal after doing lines
of coke,…
►The film suggests that subcultures and
countercultures are dangerous,
destructive, and misguided, especially
for those involved in them.
22. FORREST GUMP
O In the world narrated by Forrest
Gump, happiness are only achieved by
following the path of the straight and
narrow.
O It also suggests that even with the
presence of subculture, America has a
future.
23. FIGHT CLUB
O The movie translated critique into action
through the creation of an anti-capitalist
subcultural movement whose ultimate
goal is the violent destruction of the
system of global consumer credit.
24. FIGHT CLUB
O Fight Club takes the activities and
possibilities of subcultures seriously. Only
a group outside of the mainstream could
shake up a world lost in consumerist
dogmatic slumbers: Jack & Tyler cannot
change things on their own, nor is it likely
that mainstream society will change of its
own accord.
25. GHOST WORLD
O It explores the ghostly world of alternative
lives and practices that exist parallel to
and overlap with what we generally
imagine as mainstream culture.
O It also offers an incisive look at the
assumptions and presumptions that
constitute the mainstream, probing the
limits that it places on individuals and
groups to express their differences.
26. GHOST WORLD
O Unlike typical depictions of outsiders, both
the main characters are remarkably
confident.
O It gives them a feeling of power as they
navigate their way through the clichés and
stereotypes of contemporary culture.
O In the end, the “real” world appears to
have an ultimately irresistible power over
all those who try to exist at right angles to
it.
27. REPRESENTATION
O From these 3 examples, it can be seen
that while subcultures are celebrated as
playing an essential role in history and in
social transformation, they are almost
always represented as a problem for
society.
28. REPRESENTATION
O From our analysis of the films:
O Our understanding of subcultures is
affected by representation of them.
O Popular culture representation plays an
important role in how sub- and
countercultures imagine their own role
and engage in their own practices.
30. O Subcultures articulate a complex politics
through:
• The ways they make demands on the
attention of the mainstream.
• Their connection to other modes and
forms of politics.
• The way they engage with
contemporary social spaces and
everyday reality.
31. HIDING IN THE LIGHTS
O “Subcultures are both a play for attention
& a refusal, once attention has been
granted…” – Hebdige.
32. HIDING IN THE LIGHTS
O Example: In the UK, punk was treated as
a dangerous movement. Yet, the anti-
establishment group Sex Pistols with their
song „God Save the Queen‟ became
successful and popular. Punk had become
a fixture of the London landscape.
33. HIDING IN THE LIGHTS
►By being available for display to the
mainstream that the minority culture of
punk was able to draw attention to the
very real sources of its discontent with
both the values of mainstream culture and
their relationship to it.
34. HIDING IN THE LIGHTS
O “Hiding in the lights” allows subcultures to
create, maintain, and nurture their own
communities of belonging, while also
engaging with the culture at large.
35. AVANT-GARDE PUNK
O Other ways that make punk political:
O The anti-establishment lyrics.
O The anti-establishment disposition and
demeanor of punks themselves.
O Subcultures of all stripes draw heavily on
a stew of political and cultural ideas and
ideals (Marxism and Situationism).
36. THE INVENTION OF
SKATEBOARDING
O As the Zephyr Skateboard Team began to
develop and build skateboards to surf
their mostly abandoned streets, they also
began to stretch their claims over public
space to other parts of the city.
37. THE INVENTION OF
SKATEBOARDING
O It might seem a stretch to equate kids
interested in doing grinds and flipping their
boards with anti-globalization
demonstrators who take over the spaces
of the city, but in a way both are making
the same fundamental demand: Whose
streets? Our street!”
►Skateboarding has a politics.