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MARPOL Annex VI - Air pollution from Ships

1) The document discusses regulations for reducing air pollution from ships, known as MARPOL Annex VI. It outlines the ratification process and key emission types regulated. 2) MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, and other pollutants from ship exhausts, with stricter tiers that became effective in 2000, 2011, and 2016. 3) The regulations require certification and testing of ship and engine designs to verify compliance with emission limits.

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EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 1 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION ! FROM SHIPS
 ! MARPOL 73/78
 ANNEX VI
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 2 RATIFICATION ! PROCESS Protocol Requirements for entry into force! The Protocol is Ratified by 15 signature States to MARPOL with a combined tonnage of 50% of World tonnage! The Current Status of Ratification is by 22 Countries (Signatories of MARPOL Convention)! The Protocol was fully ratified in accordance with requirements on 18th May 2004 and has ENTERED INTO FORCE on 19th MAY 2005
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 3 Emission Gases from Ships Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)! Sulphur Oxides (SOx)! Carbon Dioxide (CO2)! Carbon Monoxide (CO)! Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some particulates! ! The concentration of the differing exhaust gases is variable according to the engine type, engine settings and fuel type. WHY MARPOL ! ANNEX VI?
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 4 AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION! 
 1. IMO AND REGIONAL SHIP AIR EMISSION DEVELOPMENTS (CONT.)
 • BALTIC SEA – SECA FROM MAY 2006 
 • NORTH SEA/ENGLISH CHANNEL– SECA FROM NOV 2007
 - MAJOR REVISION OF MARPOL ANNEX VI COMPLETED IN OCT 2008
 - REVISED ANNEX VI EFFECTIVE FROM 1 JULY 2010
 • EUROPEAN SULPHUR DIRECTIVE GOVERNING EMISSIONS IN PORT 
 (0.1% S AT BERTH 1 JAN 2010)
 • PORT REGULATIONS IN CALIFORNIA (USA), VANCOUVER (CANADA) FOR SHIP BERTHING THE CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD (CARB) ADOPTED THE REGULATIONS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM AUXILIARY DIESEL ENGINES AND DIESEL - ELECTRIC ENGINES OPERATED ON OCEAN-GOING VESSELS WITHIN CALIFORNIA WATERS AND 24 NAUTICAL MILES OFF THE CALIFORNIA BASELINE.
 
 • ISO ONGOING WORK ON MARINE FUEL OIL SPECIFICATIONS 
 • DISCUSSION AND DEVELOPMENT : OF ON-SHORE POWER SUPPLY - ALSO CALLED ALTERNATIVE MARINE POWER (AMP) OR COLD-IRONING
 • GREEN HOUSE GASES (GHG) LIMITATIONS

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 5 MARPOL ANNEX VI APPLIES TO ALL SHIPS BUT THE CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ARE DEPENDING ON SIZE OF THE VESSEL AND WHEN IT IS CONSTRUCTED. 
  
 SHIPS OF 400 GROSS TONS AND ABOVE ENGAGED IN INTERNATIONAL VOYAGES INVOLVING COUNTRIES THAT HAVE RATIFIED THE CONVENTIONS, OR SHIPS FLYING THE FLAG OF THOSE COUNTRIES, ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE AN INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE (IAPP CERTIFICATE).
  
 THE IAPP CERTIFICATE WILL BE ISSUED FOLLOWING AN INITIAL SURVEY CARRIED OUT BY THE FLAG ADMINISTRATION OR BY THE CLASS (E.G. DNV, CLASSNK) ON BEHALF OF THE FLAG ADMINISTRATION, CONFIRMING COMPLIANCE WITH MARPOL ANNEX VI. FOR SHIPS WITH THE FLAG OF AN ADMINISTRATION THAT HAVE NOT YET RATIFIED ANNEX VI, A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH ANNEX VI ISSUED BY THE CLASS.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 6 ANNEX VI ALSO REQUIRES DIESEL ENGINES (AS DESCRIBED ABOVE) TO CARRY INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATES WITH REGARD TO NOX EMISSIONS, NAMED ENGINE INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION (EIAPP) CERTIFICATES. 
 ANNEX VI REQUIRES THAT EVERY SHIP OF 400 GROSS TONNAGE OR ABOVE AND EVERY FIXED AND FLOATING DRILLING RIG AND OTHER PLATFORMS SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING SURVEYS:
  
 - AN INITIAL SURVEY BEFORE THE SHIP IS PUT INTO SERVICE OR BEFORE THE IAPP CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED FOR THE FIRST TIME.
 - PERIODICAL SURVEYS AT INTERVALS SPECIFIED BY THE ADMINISTRATION, BUT NOT EXCEEDING FIVE YEARS.
 - A MINIMUM OF ONE INTERMEDIATE SURVEY DURING THE PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF THE CERTIFICATE.
 
 IN THE CASE OF SHIPS OF LESS THAN 400 GROSS TONS, THE ADMINISTRATION MAY ESTABLISH APPROPRIATE MEASURES IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT ANNEX VI IS COMPLIED WITH.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 7 ANNEX VI HAS REQUIREMENTS TO THE ! ! FOLLOWING MAIN ISSUES:
 REGULATION 12 - EMISSIONS FROM OZONE ! ! DEPLETING SUBSTANCES FROM ! ! REFRIGERATING PLANTS AND FIRE FIGHTING ! ! EQUIPMENT
 REGULATION 13 - NITROGEN OXIDE (NOX) ! ! EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL ENGINES
 REGULATION 14 - SULPHUR OXIDE (SOX) EMISSIONS ! ! FROM SHIPS
 REGULATION 15 - VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ! ! EMISSIONS FROM CARGO OIL TANKS OF OIL ! ! TANKERS
 REGULATION 16 - EMISSIONS FROM SHIPBOARD ! ! INCINERATORS
 REGULATION 18 - FUEL OIL QUALITY.
  
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, IMA, Bangladesh. 8 MARPOL ANNEX VI AND THE TECHNICAL CODE HAVE RETROACTIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FOLLOWING:
 
 REGULATION 12 - EMISSIONS FROM OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES FROM REFRIGERATING PLANTS AND FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT 
 
 
 ON ALL SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 19.05.2005.
 ANNEX VI PROHIBITS ANY DELIBERATE EMISSIONS OF OZONE- DEPLETING SUBSTANCES. OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES , AND EQUIPMENT CONTAINING SUCH SUBSTANCES, SHALL BE DELIVERED TO APPROPRIATE RECEPTION FACILITIES WHEN REMOVED FROM A SHIP. INSTALLATIONS WHICH CONTAIN OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES, OTHER THAN HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, ARE PROHIBITED : 
  
 INSTALLATIONS CONTAINING HYDROCHLORFLOUROCARBONS (HCFCS) ARE PROHIBITED ON SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1.01.2020.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 9 FOR THE SHIPS UNDER REGULATION 12 OF ! ! MARPOL ANNEX VI, A LIST OF EQUIPMENT ! ! CONTAINING OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES ! ! SHALL BE MAINTAIN AND IN CASE A SHIP WILL HAVE ! ! RECHARGEABLE SYSTEMS CONTAINING OZONE ! ! DEPLETING SUBSTANCES, AN OZONE DEPLETING ! ! SUBSTANCES RECORD BOOK SHALL BE MAINTAINED ON ! ! BOARD.
  
 THE USE OF HALON IN FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS AND ! ! EQUIPMENT IS ALREADY PROHIBITED FOR NEW BUILDINGS. FOR ! ! NEW BUILDINGS, THIS REQUIREMENT IN ANNEX VI WILL THEREFORE ! ! ALWAYS BE COMPLIED WITH. MORE RESTRICTIVE ! ! REQUIREMENTS FOR ! ! OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES ARE IN PLACE REGIONALLY, E.G. ! ! IN THE ! ! EUROPEAN UNION (EU).
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 10 REGULATION 13 
 NITROGEN OXIDE (NOX) EMISSIONS FROM ! ! DIESEL ENGINES 
 
 REGULATION 13 SHALL APPLY TO: 
 
 - EACH DIESEL ENGINE WITH A POWER OUTPUT OF ! ! MORE THAN 130 KW WHICH IS INSTALLED ON A SHIP ! ! CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000.
  - EACH DIESEL ENGINE WITH A POWER OUTPUT OF MORE THAN ! ! 130 KW WHICH UNDERGOES A MAJOR CONVERSION ON OR ! ! AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000.
  - EACH DIESEL ENGINE WITH A POWER OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 5000 ! ! KW AND A PER CYLINDER DISPLACEMENT AT OR ABOVE 90 LITRES ! ! WHICH IS INSTALLED ON A SHIP CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY ! ! 1990 BUT PRIOR TO 1 JANUARY 2000.

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 11 THIS REGULATION DOES NOT APPLY TO:
 - EMERGENCY DIESEL ENGINES, ENGINES INSTALLED IN LIFE BOATS OR FOR ANY EQUIPMENT INTENDED TO BE USED SOLELY IN CASE OF EMERGENCY.
 - ENGINES USED SOLELY TO DRIVE MACHINERY DEDICATED TO EXPLORATION, EXPLOITATION AND ASSOCIATED OFFSHORE PROCESSED OF SEABED MINERAL RESOURCES THE PHRASE “MAJOR CONVERSION”, MEANS A MODIFICATION OF AN ENGINE WHERE:
 1. THE ENGINE IS REPLACED BY A NEW ENGINE BUILT ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000, OR 
 2. ANY SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION IS MADE TO THE ENGINE, AS DESCRIBED IN THE NOX TECHNICAL CODE 1.3.2 (E.G. CHANGING CAMSHAFT,FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM, OR ANY OTHER NOX-RELATED SETTINGS OR COMPONENTS), OR
  
 3. THE MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS RATING OF THE ENGINE IS INCREASED BY MORE THAN 10% FOR THIS PURPOSE, SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION IS DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
  

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 12 - FOR ENGINES INSTALLED ON VESSELS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000, A SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION MEANS ANY MODIFICATION TO AN ENGINE THAT COULD POTENTIALLY CAUSE THE ENGINE TO EXCEED THE EMISSION STANDARDS SET OUT IN REGULATION 13 OF ANNEX VI. 
  
 - FOR ENGINES INSTALLED ON VESSELS CONSTRUCTED BEFORE 1 JANUARY 2000, A SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION MEANS ANY MODIFICATION MADE TO AN ENGINE WHICH INCREASES ITS EXISTING EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ESTABLISHED BY THE SIMPLIFIED MEASUREMENT METHOD AS DESCRIBED IN 6.3 IN EXCESS OF THE ALLOWANCES SET OUT IN 6.3.11(REF. NOX TECHNICAL FILE.). THESE CHANGES INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, CHANGES IN ITS OPERATIONS OR IN ITS TECHNICAL PARAMETERS (E.G. CHANGING CAMSHAFT,FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS, AIR SYSTEMS, COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONFIGURATION, OR TIMING CALIBRATION OF THE ENGINE)
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 13 ▪ REGULATION 13 CONTAINS FURTHER A 3-TIER APPROACH AS FOLLOWS:
 
  TIER I (CURRENT LIMITS)
 FOR DIESEL ENGINES INSTALLED ON SHIPS CONSTRUCTED FROM 1 JANUARY 2000 TO 1. JANUARY 2011 ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS OF TOTAL WEIGHTED NOX DEPENDING ON ENGINE SPEED, N, ARE:
 I. 17,0 G/KWH WHEN N IS LESS THAN 130 RPM
 II. 45,0 × N(-0,2) G/KWH WHEN N IS 130 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2000 RPM
 III. 9,8 G/KWH WHEN N IS 2000 RPM OR MORE
  
 TIER II
 FOR DIESEL ENGINES INSTALLED ON SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2011 ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS OF TOTAL WEIGHTED NOX DEPENDING ON ENGINE SPEED, N, ARE:
 I. 14,4 G/KWH WHEN N IS LESS THAN 130 RPM
 II. 44,0 × N(-0,23) G/KWH WHEN N IS 130 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2000 RPM
 III. 7,7 G/KWH WHEN N IS 2000 RPM OR MORE
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 14 TIER III
 SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2016 WILL HAVE ! ! ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS WHEN OPERATING IN AN EMISSION ! ! CONTROL AREA. 
 FOR TIER III SHIPS OPERATING IN THE NOX ECAS THE ALLOWABLE
 EMISSIONS OF TOTAL WEIGHTED NOX DEPENDING ON ENGINE SPEED, N, ! ! ARE:
 I. 3,4 G/KWH WHEN N IS LESS THAN 130 RPM
 II. 9,0 × N(-0,2) G/KWH WHEN N IS 130 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2000 RPM
 III. 2,0 G/KWH WHEN N IS 2000 RPM OR MORE
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 15 ❑THE NOX-INFLUENCING COMPONENTS AND SETTINGS DEPEND ON THE DESIGN OF THE PARTICULAR ENGINE, AND SHALL BE LISTED IN THE ENGINE’S TECHNICAL FILE. THE BELOW LIST SHOWS TYPICAL NOX- INFLUENCING PARAMETERS, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
 ❑1. INJECTION TIMING
 ❑2. INJECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS (NOZZLE, INJECTOR, FUEL PUMP)
 ❑3. SOFTWARE NO, CHECKSUMS, OR OTHER IDENTIFICATION OF SOFTWARE VERSION
 ❑4. HARDWARE FOR FUEL INJECTION CONTROL
 ❑5. CAMSHAFT COMPONENTS (FUEL CAM, INLET- AND EXHAUST CAM)
 ❑6. VALVE TIMING
 ❑7. COMBUSTION CHAMBER (PISTON, CYLINDER HEAD, CYLINDER LINER)
 ❑8. COMPRESSION RATIO (CONNECTING ROD, PISTON ROD, SHIM, GASKETS)
 

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 16 9. TURBOCHARGER TYPE AND BUILD (INTERNAL COMPONENTS)
 10. CHARGE AIR COOLER/CHARGE AIR PRE-HEATER
 11. AUXILIARY BLOWER
 12. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “WATER INJECTION”
 13. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “EMULSIFIED FUEL” (FUEL/WATER EMULSION)
 14. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION”
 15. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION”
 
 THE ACTUAL TECHNICAL FILE OF AN ENGINE MAY INCLUDE LESS COMPONENTS AND/OR PARAMETERS OTHER THAN THE LIST ABOVE, DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR ENGINE AND THE SPECIFIC ENGINE DESIGN.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 17 ➢3.1.1. NEW MEASURES ON ENGINES OF SHIPS BUILT: JAN 1990 – DEC 1999
 
 THE NOX EMISSIONS AT TIER I LEVEL UPGRADED FOR ENGINES OF POWER 
 OUTPUT > 5,000 KW AND PER CYLINDER DISPLACEMENT AT OR > 90 LITRES
 
 THE UPGRADING IS PROVIDED WITH APPROVED AND COST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR NOX LIMITATION AND SHOULD NOT:
 - REDUCE THE ENGINE RATING BY MORE THAN 1% 
 - INCREASE THE FUEL CONSUMPTION BY MORE THAN 2%, AND 
 - HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECT ON THE ENGINE DURABILITY OR RELIABILITY
 
 FOR ENGINES NOT COMPLYING WITH TIER I NOX EMISSION LIMITATIONS:
 • MEASURES AGAINST SHIP ONLY IF THERE IS A CERTIFIED, EFFICIENT COMMERCIALLY
 AVAILABLE SYSTEM
 • RULES FOR CERTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF SCRUBBERS 
 AND UPGRADE AT THE SHIP’S FIRST RENEWAL SURVEY IF THERE IS AN APPROVED
 METHOD FOR UPGRADING AT LEAST TO TIER I STANDARD
 • IF SYSTEM NOT AVAILABLE, THE NEXT ANNUAL SURVEY AFTER THAT METHOD IS AVAILABLE
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 18 NOX REDUCTION OPTIONS
 FOR EXISTING ENGINES:
 • USE OF NOX INJECTORS
 • RETARDING INJECTION TIMING 
 • TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE CHARGE AIR
 • EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)
 • FUEL / WATER EMULSION
 • WATER INJECTION
 • HUMID AIR MOTOR (HAM) TECHNIQUE- ADDITION OF WET STEAM 
 TO THE ENGINE
 • SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)
 
 FOR NEW ENGINES:
 ENGINE CERTIFICATION
 - PRE-CERTIFICATION,
 - TECHNICAL FILE CLARIFICATION ON ENGINE FAMILY AND GROUP, 
 - FINAL CERTIFICATION
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 19 •REGULATION 13 REQUIREMENTS ARE FULLY DEFINED BY THE NOX TECHNICAL CODE – RECOMMENDED TECHNICAL READING.
 • CERTIFICATION OF THE ENGINE ON MANUFACTURE AND CHECKED ON INSTALLATION FOR SETTINGS
 • CERTIFICATES REQUIRED FOR SHIPS – EIAPP & IAPP
 • PSC INSPECTION OF THE ENGINE BY
 I. PARAMETER CHECK METHOD (ENGINE TECHNICAL FILE)
 II. SIMPLIFIED MEASUREMENT METHOD
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 20 

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 21 REGULATION 14 - SULPHUR OXIDE (SOX) ! ! EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS 
 - 19 MAY 2005 ANNEX VI TO MARPOL ENTERED INTO ! ! FORCE. 
 - THE REVISED ANNEX VI TO MARPOL WAS ADOPTED BY ! ! IMO ON 10 OCTOBER 2008. 
 
 THE SULPHUR OXIDE (SOX) AND PARTICULATE MATTER ! ! EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS WILL IN GENERAL BE CONTROLLED ! ! BY SETTING A LIMIT ON THE SULPHUR CONTENT OF MARINE FUEL ! ! OILS AS FOLLOWS. THE SULPHUR CONTENT OF ANY FUEL OIL USED ! ! ON BOARD SHIPS SHALL NOT EXCEED THE FOLLOWING LIMITS:

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. Outside an ECA established to limit SOx and particulate matter emissions Inside an ECA established to limit SOx and particulate matter emissions 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012 1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012 1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020* 0.10% m/m on and after 1 January 2015 22
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 23 ❑THE ECA ESTABLISHED ARE:
 ❑I. BALTIC SEA AREA – AS DEFINED IN ANNEX I OF MARPOL (SOX ONLY);
 ❑II. NORTH SEA AREA – AS DEFINED IN ANNEX V OF MARPOL (SOX ONLY);
 ❑III. NORTH AMERICAN AREA (ENTERED INTO EFFECT 1 AUGUST 2012) – AS DEFINED IN APPENDIX VII OF ANNEX VI OF MARPOL (SOX, NOX AND PM); AND
 ❑IV. UNITED STATES CARIBBEAN SEA AREA (EXPECTED TO ENTER INTO EFFECT 1 JANUARY 2014) – AS DEFINED IN APPENDIX VII OF ANNEX VI OF MARPOL (SOX, NOX AND PM).

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 24
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 25 MOST SHIPS WHICH OPERATE BOTH OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THESE ECA WILL THEREFORE OPERATE ON DIFFERENT FUEL OILS IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE RESPECTIVE LIMITS. ! ! IN SUCH CASES, PRIOR TO ENTRY INTO THE ECA, IT IS REQUIRED TO HAVE FULLY CHANGED-OVER TO USING THE ECA COMPLIANT FUEL OIL, REGULATION 14.6, AND TO HAVE ONBOARD IMPLEMENTED WRITTEN PROCEDURES AS TO HOW THIS IS TO BE UNDERTAKEN. ! ! SIMILARLY CHANGE-OVER FROM USING THE ECA COMPLIANT FUEL OIL IS NOT TO COMMENCE UNTIL AFTER EXITING THE ECA. AT EACH CHANGE-OVER IT IS REQUIRED THAT THE QUANTITIES OF THE ECA COMPLIANT FUEL OILS ONBOARD ARE RECORDED, TOGETHER WITH THE DATE, TIME AND POSITION OF THE SHIP WHEN EITHER COMPLETING THE CHANGE-OVER PRIOR TO ENTRY OR COMMENCING CHANGE-OVER AFTER EXIT FROM SUCH AREAS. ! ! THESE RECORDS ARE TO BE MADE IN A LOGBOOK AS PRESCRIBED BY THE SHIP’S FLAG STATE, IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT IN THIS REGARD THE RECORD COULD BE MADE, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE SHIP’S ANNEX I OIL RECORD BOOK.

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 26 SOX CONTROL: 
 - ARRANGEMENTS FOR LSFO & HSFO: 2 0R ! ! MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUELS.
 - AVAILABILITY –BUNKING STRATEGIES
 
 - SWITCH-OVER(12 TO 24 HRS) WILL NEED TO ! ! BE CHANGED OVER THE FUEL FOR THE SECA ! ! PASSAGES.
 
 - HANDLING OF CYLINDER OILS –2 QUALITIES MAY ! ! BE REQUIRED.
 
 - MORE STRICT FOLLOW UP THROUGH SAMPLE ! ! REQUIREMENTS, AND CONTROL OF DOCUMENTATION ! ! AND PROCEDURE TO LOG DOWN.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 27
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 28 OTHER METHODS FOR CONTROLLING OF NOX AND SOX:
 - EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM OR OTHER EQUIVALENT SYSTEM: MAY BE USED (ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGIES). THE EMISSION CRITERIA FOR SUCH SYSTEMS ARE 6 G SOX/ KWH.
 - RELIFIQUATION PLANTS FOR LNG/LPG CARRIERS: REDUCTION OF NOX, SOX & COST SAVING THROUGH BOILED OFF GAS REUSE.
 - ALFA LUBRICATOR SYSTEM: REDUCTION IN CYLINDER OIL CONSUMPTION. REDUCTION IN PARTICULATE EMISSION.
 - ELECTRONIC CONTROL ENGINE : PROGRAMMED FUEL INJECTION AND EXHAUST VALVE. REDUCE FUEL & REDUCTION OF EMISSION. 
 - TURBO GENERATOR PLANT: USE OF HIGH EFFICIENCY AIR FLOW FOR POWER TAKE OFF. REDUCE FUEL & REDUCTION OF EMISSION.
 - SYSTEM INTEGRATION: HUMID AIR MOTOR (HAM)- ENGINE INTAKE AIR OPERATING WITH WATER & EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR). 50% REDUCTION OF EMISSION.
 - HFO SULFUR CONTENT – USE OF LOW SULFUR OIL AND MODIFY THE EQUIPMENTS TO BURN LSFO.
 - DUAL FUEL OPTION FOR LOW SULPHUR RESTRICTED AREAS: NEED FOR ADDITIONAL TANKS AND DUAL FUEL ENGINES.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 29
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 30 ! Subject to individual terminal regulations tankers may have to be equipped with Vapour return manifold. Notification of VOC control by a port to the IMO shall be 6 months before enforcement. Tankers can be can accept tankers upto 3 years after the date of VOC control enforcement by the Terminal. The standard for the design of VOC return manifold and operation is contained in MSC/ Circ.585 REGULATION 15 - VOLATILE ORGANIC " ! COMPOUNDS EMISSIONS FROM CARGO OIL " ! TANKS OF OIL TANKERS
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 31 Incinerators installed after 1st Jan 2000 to meet regulations and must certified to meet the specifications in MEPC Resolution 76(40) (Appendix IV of Annex VI). Each incinerator must have a manufacturers operations manual. Crew responsible for the incinerator operation shall be trained and follow the operations manual. The following substances are prohibited from incineration: Annex I, II and III cargo residues and related packing material.! PCBs.! Garbage as defined by Annex V containing heavy metals.! Petroleum Products containing halogens.! PVC can only be incinerated in type approved incinerators. Flue gas temperatures shall be monitored and not less than 850 deg C for continuous feed and reach 600 deg C within 5 minutes for batch feed. REGULATION 16 - EMISSIONS FROM SHIPBOARD " ! INCINERATORS
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 32 “Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining” “Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid” “Fuel oil shall not include any added substance or chemical waste which either: Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely affects the performance of the machinery, or! Is harmful to personnel, or! Contributes overall to additional air pollution” REGULATION 18 - FUEL OIL QUALITY.
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 33 REGULATION 18 – FUEL OIL QUALITY
 BUNKER DELIVERY NOTE (BDN)
 BECOMES A STATUTORY DOCUMENT
 MUST BE KEPT ON BOARD FOR 3 YEARS FOR INSPECTION AND A COPY MAY BE TAKEN FOR FURTHER EXAMINATION BY PSC.
 MUST CONTAIN ALL DATA REQUIRED BY APPENDIX V
 NAME AND IMO NUMBER OF VESSEL
 PORT
 DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF DELIVERY
 DETAILS OF FUEL OIL SUPPLIER
 PRODUCT NAME, QUANTITY , DENSITY AT 15 0C AND SULPHUR CONTENT % M/M
 
 A DECLARATION THAT FUEL SUPPLIED MEETS REGULATION 14 AND 18 REQUIREMENTS
 

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 34 REGULATION 18 – FUEL OIL QUALITY
 
 FUEL OIL SAMPLING
 A SEALED SAMPLE MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS IN ! ASSOCIATED GUIDELINES HAS TO SUPPLIED TO THE ! SHIP BY THE BUNKER SUPPLIER
 FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL BDN A SAMPLE HAS TO BE ! TAKEN AT THE VESSEL’S BUNKER RECEIVING MANIFOLD. ! (SEE PROCEDURE IN ASSOCIATED GUIDELINES) – ISM ! MANUALS.
 THE SAMPLE LABEL HAS TO BE SIGNED BY BOTH THE BUNKER ! SUPPLIER’S REPRESENTATIVE AND THE VESSEL’S CHIEF ENGINEER.
 THE SAMPLE SIZE SHALL BE NOT LESS THAN 400 MLS
 THE SAMPLE IS NOT TO BE USED FOR ANY COMMERCIAL ! PURPOSE
 THE SAMPLE IS TO BE RETAINED ON BOARD FOR AT LEAST 1 YEAR FOR ! INSPECTION BY PSC AS REQUIRED

EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 35 Adequate bunker manifold location for sampler attachment External safe storage location for samples for 1 year period Log book for sample retention and custody transfer Safe storage for BDNs and other documents relating to bunkering onboard SHIPBOARD PROCEDURES FOR BDN AND ! SAMPLES
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 36 Proposed Guidelines from FSI 13 for MEPC 53 approval. Initial inspections and Primary survey parameters – then “Clear Grounds” for in-depth inspections “In depth” inspection parameters Detainable deficiencies Non-Party ship inspections PORT/FLAG STATE CONTROL ! GUIDELINES
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 37
EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCY TRAINING CENTER INC. 38 THE END" ! ! ANY QUESTION?
 
 
 THANK YOU!

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MARPOL Annex VI - Air pollution from Ships

  • 1.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 1 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION ! FROM SHIPS
 ! MARPOL 73/78
 ANNEX VI
  • 2.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 2 RATIFICATION ! PROCESS Protocol Requirements for entry into force! The Protocol is Ratified by 15 signature States to MARPOL with a combined tonnage of 50% of World tonnage! The Current Status of Ratification is by 22 Countries (Signatories of MARPOL Convention)! The Protocol was fully ratified in accordance with requirements on 18th May 2004 and has ENTERED INTO FORCE on 19th MAY 2005
  • 3.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 3 Emission Gases from Ships Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)! Sulphur Oxides (SOx)! Carbon Dioxide (CO2)! Carbon Monoxide (CO)! Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some particulates! ! The concentration of the differing exhaust gases is variable according to the engine type, engine settings and fuel type. WHY MARPOL ! ANNEX VI?
  • 4.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 4 AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION! 
 1. IMO AND REGIONAL SHIP AIR EMISSION DEVELOPMENTS (CONT.)
 • BALTIC SEA – SECA FROM MAY 2006 
 • NORTH SEA/ENGLISH CHANNEL– SECA FROM NOV 2007
 - MAJOR REVISION OF MARPOL ANNEX VI COMPLETED IN OCT 2008
 - REVISED ANNEX VI EFFECTIVE FROM 1 JULY 2010
 • EUROPEAN SULPHUR DIRECTIVE GOVERNING EMISSIONS IN PORT 
 (0.1% S AT BERTH 1 JAN 2010)
 • PORT REGULATIONS IN CALIFORNIA (USA), VANCOUVER (CANADA) FOR SHIP BERTHING THE CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD (CARB) ADOPTED THE REGULATIONS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM AUXILIARY DIESEL ENGINES AND DIESEL - ELECTRIC ENGINES OPERATED ON OCEAN-GOING VESSELS WITHIN CALIFORNIA WATERS AND 24 NAUTICAL MILES OFF THE CALIFORNIA BASELINE.
 
 • ISO ONGOING WORK ON MARINE FUEL OIL SPECIFICATIONS 
 • DISCUSSION AND DEVELOPMENT : OF ON-SHORE POWER SUPPLY - ALSO CALLED ALTERNATIVE MARINE POWER (AMP) OR COLD-IRONING
 • GREEN HOUSE GASES (GHG) LIMITATIONS

  • 5.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 5 MARPOL ANNEX VI APPLIES TO ALL SHIPS BUT THE CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ARE DEPENDING ON SIZE OF THE VESSEL AND WHEN IT IS CONSTRUCTED. 
  
 SHIPS OF 400 GROSS TONS AND ABOVE ENGAGED IN INTERNATIONAL VOYAGES INVOLVING COUNTRIES THAT HAVE RATIFIED THE CONVENTIONS, OR SHIPS FLYING THE FLAG OF THOSE COUNTRIES, ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE AN INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE (IAPP CERTIFICATE).
  
 THE IAPP CERTIFICATE WILL BE ISSUED FOLLOWING AN INITIAL SURVEY CARRIED OUT BY THE FLAG ADMINISTRATION OR BY THE CLASS (E.G. DNV, CLASSNK) ON BEHALF OF THE FLAG ADMINISTRATION, CONFIRMING COMPLIANCE WITH MARPOL ANNEX VI. FOR SHIPS WITH THE FLAG OF AN ADMINISTRATION THAT HAVE NOT YET RATIFIED ANNEX VI, A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH ANNEX VI ISSUED BY THE CLASS.
  • 6.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 6 ANNEX VI ALSO REQUIRES DIESEL ENGINES (AS DESCRIBED ABOVE) TO CARRY INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATES WITH REGARD TO NOX EMISSIONS, NAMED ENGINE INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION (EIAPP) CERTIFICATES. 
 ANNEX VI REQUIRES THAT EVERY SHIP OF 400 GROSS TONNAGE OR ABOVE AND EVERY FIXED AND FLOATING DRILLING RIG AND OTHER PLATFORMS SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING SURVEYS:
  
 - AN INITIAL SURVEY BEFORE THE SHIP IS PUT INTO SERVICE OR BEFORE THE IAPP CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED FOR THE FIRST TIME.
 - PERIODICAL SURVEYS AT INTERVALS SPECIFIED BY THE ADMINISTRATION, BUT NOT EXCEEDING FIVE YEARS.
 - A MINIMUM OF ONE INTERMEDIATE SURVEY DURING THE PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF THE CERTIFICATE.
 
 IN THE CASE OF SHIPS OF LESS THAN 400 GROSS TONS, THE ADMINISTRATION MAY ESTABLISH APPROPRIATE MEASURES IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT ANNEX VI IS COMPLIED WITH.
  • 7.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 7 ANNEX VI HAS REQUIREMENTS TO THE ! ! FOLLOWING MAIN ISSUES:
 REGULATION 12 - EMISSIONS FROM OZONE ! ! DEPLETING SUBSTANCES FROM ! ! REFRIGERATING PLANTS AND FIRE FIGHTING ! ! EQUIPMENT
 REGULATION 13 - NITROGEN OXIDE (NOX) ! ! EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL ENGINES
 REGULATION 14 - SULPHUR OXIDE (SOX) EMISSIONS ! ! FROM SHIPS
 REGULATION 15 - VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ! ! EMISSIONS FROM CARGO OIL TANKS OF OIL ! ! TANKERS
 REGULATION 16 - EMISSIONS FROM SHIPBOARD ! ! INCINERATORS
 REGULATION 18 - FUEL OIL QUALITY.
  
  • 8.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. Hanif Dewan, Senior Lecturer, IMA, Bangladesh. 8 MARPOL ANNEX VI AND THE TECHNICAL CODE HAVE RETROACTIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FOLLOWING:
 
 REGULATION 12 - EMISSIONS FROM OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES FROM REFRIGERATING PLANTS AND FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT 
 
 
 ON ALL SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 19.05.2005.
 ANNEX VI PROHIBITS ANY DELIBERATE EMISSIONS OF OZONE- DEPLETING SUBSTANCES. OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES , AND EQUIPMENT CONTAINING SUCH SUBSTANCES, SHALL BE DELIVERED TO APPROPRIATE RECEPTION FACILITIES WHEN REMOVED FROM A SHIP. INSTALLATIONS WHICH CONTAIN OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES, OTHER THAN HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, ARE PROHIBITED : 
  
 INSTALLATIONS CONTAINING HYDROCHLORFLOUROCARBONS (HCFCS) ARE PROHIBITED ON SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1.01.2020.
  • 9.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 9 FOR THE SHIPS UNDER REGULATION 12 OF ! ! MARPOL ANNEX VI, A LIST OF EQUIPMENT ! ! CONTAINING OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES ! ! SHALL BE MAINTAIN AND IN CASE A SHIP WILL HAVE ! ! RECHARGEABLE SYSTEMS CONTAINING OZONE ! ! DEPLETING SUBSTANCES, AN OZONE DEPLETING ! ! SUBSTANCES RECORD BOOK SHALL BE MAINTAINED ON ! ! BOARD.
  
 THE USE OF HALON IN FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS AND ! ! EQUIPMENT IS ALREADY PROHIBITED FOR NEW BUILDINGS. FOR ! ! NEW BUILDINGS, THIS REQUIREMENT IN ANNEX VI WILL THEREFORE ! ! ALWAYS BE COMPLIED WITH. MORE RESTRICTIVE ! ! REQUIREMENTS FOR ! ! OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES ARE IN PLACE REGIONALLY, E.G. ! ! IN THE ! ! EUROPEAN UNION (EU).
  • 10.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 10 REGULATION 13 
 NITROGEN OXIDE (NOX) EMISSIONS FROM ! ! DIESEL ENGINES 
 
 REGULATION 13 SHALL APPLY TO: 
 
 - EACH DIESEL ENGINE WITH A POWER OUTPUT OF ! ! MORE THAN 130 KW WHICH IS INSTALLED ON A SHIP ! ! CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000.
  - EACH DIESEL ENGINE WITH A POWER OUTPUT OF MORE THAN ! ! 130 KW WHICH UNDERGOES A MAJOR CONVERSION ON OR ! ! AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000.
  - EACH DIESEL ENGINE WITH A POWER OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 5000 ! ! KW AND A PER CYLINDER DISPLACEMENT AT OR ABOVE 90 LITRES ! ! WHICH IS INSTALLED ON A SHIP CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY ! ! 1990 BUT PRIOR TO 1 JANUARY 2000.

  • 11.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 11 THIS REGULATION DOES NOT APPLY TO:
 - EMERGENCY DIESEL ENGINES, ENGINES INSTALLED IN LIFE BOATS OR FOR ANY EQUIPMENT INTENDED TO BE USED SOLELY IN CASE OF EMERGENCY.
 - ENGINES USED SOLELY TO DRIVE MACHINERY DEDICATED TO EXPLORATION, EXPLOITATION AND ASSOCIATED OFFSHORE PROCESSED OF SEABED MINERAL RESOURCES THE PHRASE “MAJOR CONVERSION”, MEANS A MODIFICATION OF AN ENGINE WHERE:
 1. THE ENGINE IS REPLACED BY A NEW ENGINE BUILT ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000, OR 
 2. ANY SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION IS MADE TO THE ENGINE, AS DESCRIBED IN THE NOX TECHNICAL CODE 1.3.2 (E.G. CHANGING CAMSHAFT,FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM, OR ANY OTHER NOX-RELATED SETTINGS OR COMPONENTS), OR
  
 3. THE MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS RATING OF THE ENGINE IS INCREASED BY MORE THAN 10% FOR THIS PURPOSE, SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION IS DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
  

  • 12.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 12 - FOR ENGINES INSTALLED ON VESSELS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2000, A SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION MEANS ANY MODIFICATION TO AN ENGINE THAT COULD POTENTIALLY CAUSE THE ENGINE TO EXCEED THE EMISSION STANDARDS SET OUT IN REGULATION 13 OF ANNEX VI. 
  
 - FOR ENGINES INSTALLED ON VESSELS CONSTRUCTED BEFORE 1 JANUARY 2000, A SUBSTANTIAL MODIFICATION MEANS ANY MODIFICATION MADE TO AN ENGINE WHICH INCREASES ITS EXISTING EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ESTABLISHED BY THE SIMPLIFIED MEASUREMENT METHOD AS DESCRIBED IN 6.3 IN EXCESS OF THE ALLOWANCES SET OUT IN 6.3.11(REF. NOX TECHNICAL FILE.). THESE CHANGES INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, CHANGES IN ITS OPERATIONS OR IN ITS TECHNICAL PARAMETERS (E.G. CHANGING CAMSHAFT,FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS, AIR SYSTEMS, COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONFIGURATION, OR TIMING CALIBRATION OF THE ENGINE)
  • 13.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 13 ▪ REGULATION 13 CONTAINS FURTHER A 3-TIER APPROACH AS FOLLOWS:
 
  TIER I (CURRENT LIMITS)
 FOR DIESEL ENGINES INSTALLED ON SHIPS CONSTRUCTED FROM 1 JANUARY 2000 TO 1. JANUARY 2011 ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS OF TOTAL WEIGHTED NOX DEPENDING ON ENGINE SPEED, N, ARE:
 I. 17,0 G/KWH WHEN N IS LESS THAN 130 RPM
 II. 45,0 × N(-0,2) G/KWH WHEN N IS 130 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2000 RPM
 III. 9,8 G/KWH WHEN N IS 2000 RPM OR MORE
  
 TIER II
 FOR DIESEL ENGINES INSTALLED ON SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2011 ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS OF TOTAL WEIGHTED NOX DEPENDING ON ENGINE SPEED, N, ARE:
 I. 14,4 G/KWH WHEN N IS LESS THAN 130 RPM
 II. 44,0 × N(-0,23) G/KWH WHEN N IS 130 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2000 RPM
 III. 7,7 G/KWH WHEN N IS 2000 RPM OR MORE
  • 14.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 14 TIER III
 SHIPS CONSTRUCTED ON OR AFTER 1 JANUARY 2016 WILL HAVE ! ! ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS WHEN OPERATING IN AN EMISSION ! ! CONTROL AREA. 
 FOR TIER III SHIPS OPERATING IN THE NOX ECAS THE ALLOWABLE
 EMISSIONS OF TOTAL WEIGHTED NOX DEPENDING ON ENGINE SPEED, N, ! ! ARE:
 I. 3,4 G/KWH WHEN N IS LESS THAN 130 RPM
 II. 9,0 × N(-0,2) G/KWH WHEN N IS 130 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2000 RPM
 III. 2,0 G/KWH WHEN N IS 2000 RPM OR MORE
  • 15.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 15 ❑THE NOX-INFLUENCING COMPONENTS AND SETTINGS DEPEND ON THE DESIGN OF THE PARTICULAR ENGINE, AND SHALL BE LISTED IN THE ENGINE’S TECHNICAL FILE. THE BELOW LIST SHOWS TYPICAL NOX- INFLUENCING PARAMETERS, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
 ❑1. INJECTION TIMING
 ❑2. INJECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS (NOZZLE, INJECTOR, FUEL PUMP)
 ❑3. SOFTWARE NO, CHECKSUMS, OR OTHER IDENTIFICATION OF SOFTWARE VERSION
 ❑4. HARDWARE FOR FUEL INJECTION CONTROL
 ❑5. CAMSHAFT COMPONENTS (FUEL CAM, INLET- AND EXHAUST CAM)
 ❑6. VALVE TIMING
 ❑7. COMBUSTION CHAMBER (PISTON, CYLINDER HEAD, CYLINDER LINER)
 ❑8. COMPRESSION RATIO (CONNECTING ROD, PISTON ROD, SHIM, GASKETS)
 

  • 16.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 16 9. TURBOCHARGER TYPE AND BUILD (INTERNAL COMPONENTS)
 10. CHARGE AIR COOLER/CHARGE AIR PRE-HEATER
 11. AUXILIARY BLOWER
 12. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “WATER INJECTION”
 13. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “EMULSIFIED FUEL” (FUEL/WATER EMULSION)
 14. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION”
 15. NOX REDUCING EQUIPMENT “SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION”
 
 THE ACTUAL TECHNICAL FILE OF AN ENGINE MAY INCLUDE LESS COMPONENTS AND/OR PARAMETERS OTHER THAN THE LIST ABOVE, DEPENDING ON THE PARTICULAR ENGINE AND THE SPECIFIC ENGINE DESIGN.
  • 17.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 17 ➢3.1.1. NEW MEASURES ON ENGINES OF SHIPS BUILT: JAN 1990 – DEC 1999
 
 THE NOX EMISSIONS AT TIER I LEVEL UPGRADED FOR ENGINES OF POWER 
 OUTPUT > 5,000 KW AND PER CYLINDER DISPLACEMENT AT OR > 90 LITRES
 
 THE UPGRADING IS PROVIDED WITH APPROVED AND COST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR NOX LIMITATION AND SHOULD NOT:
 - REDUCE THE ENGINE RATING BY MORE THAN 1% 
 - INCREASE THE FUEL CONSUMPTION BY MORE THAN 2%, AND 
 - HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECT ON THE ENGINE DURABILITY OR RELIABILITY
 
 FOR ENGINES NOT COMPLYING WITH TIER I NOX EMISSION LIMITATIONS:
 • MEASURES AGAINST SHIP ONLY IF THERE IS A CERTIFIED, EFFICIENT COMMERCIALLY
 AVAILABLE SYSTEM
 • RULES FOR CERTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF SCRUBBERS 
 AND UPGRADE AT THE SHIP’S FIRST RENEWAL SURVEY IF THERE IS AN APPROVED
 METHOD FOR UPGRADING AT LEAST TO TIER I STANDARD
 • IF SYSTEM NOT AVAILABLE, THE NEXT ANNUAL SURVEY AFTER THAT METHOD IS AVAILABLE
  • 18.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 18 NOX REDUCTION OPTIONS
 FOR EXISTING ENGINES:
 • USE OF NOX INJECTORS
 • RETARDING INJECTION TIMING 
 • TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE CHARGE AIR
 • EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)
 • FUEL / WATER EMULSION
 • WATER INJECTION
 • HUMID AIR MOTOR (HAM) TECHNIQUE- ADDITION OF WET STEAM 
 TO THE ENGINE
 • SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)
 
 FOR NEW ENGINES:
 ENGINE CERTIFICATION
 - PRE-CERTIFICATION,
 - TECHNICAL FILE CLARIFICATION ON ENGINE FAMILY AND GROUP, 
 - FINAL CERTIFICATION
  • 19.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 19 •REGULATION 13 REQUIREMENTS ARE FULLY DEFINED BY THE NOX TECHNICAL CODE – RECOMMENDED TECHNICAL READING.
 • CERTIFICATION OF THE ENGINE ON MANUFACTURE AND CHECKED ON INSTALLATION FOR SETTINGS
 • CERTIFICATES REQUIRED FOR SHIPS – EIAPP & IAPP
 • PSC INSPECTION OF THE ENGINE BY
 I. PARAMETER CHECK METHOD (ENGINE TECHNICAL FILE)
 II. SIMPLIFIED MEASUREMENT METHOD
  • 20.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 20 

  • 21.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 21 REGULATION 14 - SULPHUR OXIDE (SOX) ! ! EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS 
 - 19 MAY 2005 ANNEX VI TO MARPOL ENTERED INTO ! ! FORCE. 
 - THE REVISED ANNEX VI TO MARPOL WAS ADOPTED BY ! ! IMO ON 10 OCTOBER 2008. 
 
 THE SULPHUR OXIDE (SOX) AND PARTICULATE MATTER ! ! EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS WILL IN GENERAL BE CONTROLLED ! ! BY SETTING A LIMIT ON THE SULPHUR CONTENT OF MARINE FUEL ! ! OILS AS FOLLOWS. THE SULPHUR CONTENT OF ANY FUEL OIL USED ! ! ON BOARD SHIPS SHALL NOT EXCEED THE FOLLOWING LIMITS:

  • 22.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. Outside an ECA established to limit SOx and particulate matter emissions Inside an ECA established to limit SOx and particulate matter emissions 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012 1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012 1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020* 0.10% m/m on and after 1 January 2015 22
  • 23.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 23 ❑THE ECA ESTABLISHED ARE:
 ❑I. BALTIC SEA AREA – AS DEFINED IN ANNEX I OF MARPOL (SOX ONLY);
 ❑II. NORTH SEA AREA – AS DEFINED IN ANNEX V OF MARPOL (SOX ONLY);
 ❑III. NORTH AMERICAN AREA (ENTERED INTO EFFECT 1 AUGUST 2012) – AS DEFINED IN APPENDIX VII OF ANNEX VI OF MARPOL (SOX, NOX AND PM); AND
 ❑IV. UNITED STATES CARIBBEAN SEA AREA (EXPECTED TO ENTER INTO EFFECT 1 JANUARY 2014) – AS DEFINED IN APPENDIX VII OF ANNEX VI OF MARPOL (SOX, NOX AND PM).

  • 24.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 24
  • 25.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 25 MOST SHIPS WHICH OPERATE BOTH OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THESE ECA WILL THEREFORE OPERATE ON DIFFERENT FUEL OILS IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE RESPECTIVE LIMITS. ! ! IN SUCH CASES, PRIOR TO ENTRY INTO THE ECA, IT IS REQUIRED TO HAVE FULLY CHANGED-OVER TO USING THE ECA COMPLIANT FUEL OIL, REGULATION 14.6, AND TO HAVE ONBOARD IMPLEMENTED WRITTEN PROCEDURES AS TO HOW THIS IS TO BE UNDERTAKEN. ! ! SIMILARLY CHANGE-OVER FROM USING THE ECA COMPLIANT FUEL OIL IS NOT TO COMMENCE UNTIL AFTER EXITING THE ECA. AT EACH CHANGE-OVER IT IS REQUIRED THAT THE QUANTITIES OF THE ECA COMPLIANT FUEL OILS ONBOARD ARE RECORDED, TOGETHER WITH THE DATE, TIME AND POSITION OF THE SHIP WHEN EITHER COMPLETING THE CHANGE-OVER PRIOR TO ENTRY OR COMMENCING CHANGE-OVER AFTER EXIT FROM SUCH AREAS. ! ! THESE RECORDS ARE TO BE MADE IN A LOGBOOK AS PRESCRIBED BY THE SHIP’S FLAG STATE, IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT IN THIS REGARD THE RECORD COULD BE MADE, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE SHIP’S ANNEX I OIL RECORD BOOK.

  • 26.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 26 SOX CONTROL: 
 - ARRANGEMENTS FOR LSFO & HSFO: 2 0R ! ! MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUELS.
 - AVAILABILITY –BUNKING STRATEGIES
 
 - SWITCH-OVER(12 TO 24 HRS) WILL NEED TO ! ! BE CHANGED OVER THE FUEL FOR THE SECA ! ! PASSAGES.
 
 - HANDLING OF CYLINDER OILS –2 QUALITIES MAY ! ! BE REQUIRED.
 
 - MORE STRICT FOLLOW UP THROUGH SAMPLE ! ! REQUIREMENTS, AND CONTROL OF DOCUMENTATION ! ! AND PROCEDURE TO LOG DOWN.
  • 27.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 27
  • 28.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 28 OTHER METHODS FOR CONTROLLING OF NOX AND SOX:
 - EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM OR OTHER EQUIVALENT SYSTEM: MAY BE USED (ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGIES). THE EMISSION CRITERIA FOR SUCH SYSTEMS ARE 6 G SOX/ KWH.
 - RELIFIQUATION PLANTS FOR LNG/LPG CARRIERS: REDUCTION OF NOX, SOX & COST SAVING THROUGH BOILED OFF GAS REUSE.
 - ALFA LUBRICATOR SYSTEM: REDUCTION IN CYLINDER OIL CONSUMPTION. REDUCTION IN PARTICULATE EMISSION.
 - ELECTRONIC CONTROL ENGINE : PROGRAMMED FUEL INJECTION AND EXHAUST VALVE. REDUCE FUEL & REDUCTION OF EMISSION. 
 - TURBO GENERATOR PLANT: USE OF HIGH EFFICIENCY AIR FLOW FOR POWER TAKE OFF. REDUCE FUEL & REDUCTION OF EMISSION.
 - SYSTEM INTEGRATION: HUMID AIR MOTOR (HAM)- ENGINE INTAKE AIR OPERATING WITH WATER & EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR). 50% REDUCTION OF EMISSION.
 - HFO SULFUR CONTENT – USE OF LOW SULFUR OIL AND MODIFY THE EQUIPMENTS TO BURN LSFO.
 - DUAL FUEL OPTION FOR LOW SULPHUR RESTRICTED AREAS: NEED FOR ADDITIONAL TANKS AND DUAL FUEL ENGINES.
  • 29.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 29
  • 30.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 30 ! Subject to individual terminal regulations tankers may have to be equipped with Vapour return manifold. Notification of VOC control by a port to the IMO shall be 6 months before enforcement. Tankers can be can accept tankers upto 3 years after the date of VOC control enforcement by the Terminal. The standard for the design of VOC return manifold and operation is contained in MSC/ Circ.585 REGULATION 15 - VOLATILE ORGANIC " ! COMPOUNDS EMISSIONS FROM CARGO OIL " ! TANKS OF OIL TANKERS
  • 31.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 31 Incinerators installed after 1st Jan 2000 to meet regulations and must certified to meet the specifications in MEPC Resolution 76(40) (Appendix IV of Annex VI). Each incinerator must have a manufacturers operations manual. Crew responsible for the incinerator operation shall be trained and follow the operations manual. The following substances are prohibited from incineration: Annex I, II and III cargo residues and related packing material.! PCBs.! Garbage as defined by Annex V containing heavy metals.! Petroleum Products containing halogens.! PVC can only be incinerated in type approved incinerators. Flue gas temperatures shall be monitored and not less than 850 deg C for continuous feed and reach 600 deg C within 5 minutes for batch feed. REGULATION 16 - EMISSIONS FROM SHIPBOARD " ! INCINERATORS
  • 32.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 32 “Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining” “Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid” “Fuel oil shall not include any added substance or chemical waste which either: Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely affects the performance of the machinery, or! Is harmful to personnel, or! Contributes overall to additional air pollution” REGULATION 18 - FUEL OIL QUALITY.
  • 33.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 33 REGULATION 18 – FUEL OIL QUALITY
 BUNKER DELIVERY NOTE (BDN)
 BECOMES A STATUTORY DOCUMENT
 MUST BE KEPT ON BOARD FOR 3 YEARS FOR INSPECTION AND A COPY MAY BE TAKEN FOR FURTHER EXAMINATION BY PSC.
 MUST CONTAIN ALL DATA REQUIRED BY APPENDIX V
 NAME AND IMO NUMBER OF VESSEL
 PORT
 DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF DELIVERY
 DETAILS OF FUEL OIL SUPPLIER
 PRODUCT NAME, QUANTITY , DENSITY AT 15 0C AND SULPHUR CONTENT % M/M
 
 A DECLARATION THAT FUEL SUPPLIED MEETS REGULATION 14 AND 18 REQUIREMENTS
 

  • 34.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 34 REGULATION 18 – FUEL OIL QUALITY
 
 FUEL OIL SAMPLING
 A SEALED SAMPLE MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS IN ! ASSOCIATED GUIDELINES HAS TO SUPPLIED TO THE ! SHIP BY THE BUNKER SUPPLIER
 FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL BDN A SAMPLE HAS TO BE ! TAKEN AT THE VESSEL’S BUNKER RECEIVING MANIFOLD. ! (SEE PROCEDURE IN ASSOCIATED GUIDELINES) – ISM ! MANUALS.
 THE SAMPLE LABEL HAS TO BE SIGNED BY BOTH THE BUNKER ! SUPPLIER’S REPRESENTATIVE AND THE VESSEL’S CHIEF ENGINEER.
 THE SAMPLE SIZE SHALL BE NOT LESS THAN 400 MLS
 THE SAMPLE IS NOT TO BE USED FOR ANY COMMERCIAL ! PURPOSE
 THE SAMPLE IS TO BE RETAINED ON BOARD FOR AT LEAST 1 YEAR FOR ! INSPECTION BY PSC AS REQUIRED

  • 35.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 35 Adequate bunker manifold location for sampler attachment External safe storage location for samples for 1 year period Log book for sample retention and custody transfer Safe storage for BDNs and other documents relating to bunkering onboard SHIPBOARD PROCEDURES FOR BDN AND ! SAMPLES
  • 36.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 36 Proposed Guidelines from FSI 13 for MEPC 53 approval. Initial inspections and Primary survey parameters – then “Clear Grounds” for in-depth inspections “In depth” inspection parameters Detainable deficiencies Non-Party ship inspections PORT/FLAG STATE CONTROL ! GUIDELINES
  • 37.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 37
  • 38.
    EXCELLENCE AND COMPETENCYTRAINING CENTER INC. 38 THE END" ! ! ANY QUESTION?
 
 
 THANK YOU!