Intro to SOLAS

1. SOLAS MARITIME LAW

2. z
INTRODUCTION SOLAS is generally regarded as
the most important convention
concerning safety of merchant
ships.
• 1st Version adopted 1914 in response to
the Titanic disaster.
• It went through a very likely evolution
process.
In 1960 – The New Version of
SOLAS becomes 1st Major task
of IMO.

3. z
MAIN
OBJECTIVEOF
SOLAS
The main objective of the SOLAS
Convention is:
• Specify minimum standards for the
construction.
• Compatible with their safety.
The current SOLAS Convention
includes Article setting out general
obligations, amendment procedure
and so on followed by an Annex
divided into 12 Chapters.

4. z
SOLASCHAPTERS
 Chapter I - General provisions.
 Surveys and certification of all the safety items are included.
 General Provisions concerning the survey of the various
 types of ships
 and the issuing of documents signifying that the ship meets
 the
 requirements of the Convention.
 Provisions for the control of ships in ports of other
Contracting
 Governments.

5. z
SOLASCHAPTERS – CONT
.
 Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability,
machinery and
 electrical installations.
 - Deals with water tight integrity of the ship, especially for
passenger on
 the vessel.

6. z
SOLASCHAPTERS–CONT
.
•Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire
extinction.
- This chapter elaborates the means and measure for fire
protection in
accommodation,
passenger, cargo
and tanker ship.
cargo spaces and engine room for
• Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements.
- All the life saving appliances and there use in different

7. z
SOLASCHAPTERS–CONT
.
• Chapter IV – Radio-communications.
- Includes requirements of Global Maritime Distress and Safety
System
(GMDSS), Search and Rescue Transponders (SART), Satellite
Emergency
Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRB) for cargo and
passenger
vessel.
-The Chapter is closely linked to the Radio Regulations of the
International Telecommunication Union.

8. z
SOLASCHAPTERS–CONT
.
• Chapter V - Safety of navigation.
- This chapter deals with all the sea going vessels of all sizes,
from boats
to VLCCs, and includes passage planning, navigation and
distress
signal.

9. z
SOLASCHAPTERS–CONT
.
• Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes.
- This chapter defines storage and securing of different types
of cargo
and containers, but does not include oil and gas cargo.
• Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods.
-Defines International Maritime Goods Code for storage and
transportation of dangerous goods.

10. z
SOLASCHAPTERS–CONT
.
• Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships.
- The code of safety for nuclear propelled ship is stated in this
chapter.
• Chapter IX - Management for the safe operation of ships.
- The International Safety Management code for ship owner and
operator is
described clearly.
• Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft.

11. z
SOLASCHAPTERS–CONT
.
• Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety.
• Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime security.
- Special and enhanced survey for safe operation, other
operational
requirements and ISPS code is briefed in this chapter.
• Chapter XII - Additional safety measures for bulk carriers.
- Includes safety requirement for above 150 meters length of
bulk carrier.

12. z
SOLASNEWREGULA
TIONS2016
•To improve safety in the supply chain, the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) has made amendments to the Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS) convention indicating that all shippers must comply with
mandatory container weight verification requirements, or Verified
Gross Mass (VGM), effective July 1, 2016.
•This applies to all packed containers which are to be loaded on to a
vessel under the SOLAS regime in international maritime traffic.

13. z
VERIFIEDGROSSMASS(VGM)
•VGM is the total gross mass of a packed container which includes the
cargo weight, block & bracing materials and container tare. The
SOLAS Convention offers two methods to obtain the VGM.
•“No VGM, No loading.” A container without a VGM is not allowed to
load onto the vessel. The shipper is responsible for the potential
regulatory penalties and all costs associated to the exception
handling of the containers without the VGM.

15. z
EFFECTAFTERSOLAS
IMPLEMENT
A
TION
• 1 Year later,
- SOLAS requirement that shippers provide the verified gross mass (VGM) of
each container
before it could be loaded onto a vessel.
- But doubts on the accuracy of declarations remains linger.
• Fears were generally unfounded that the International Maritime Organization’s
(IMO's) rule, which took effect July 1, which :-
- Disrupt port
- Increase congestion
- Raise the cost of moving cargo
- Result in containers left behind on docks as shippers struggled to provide the
correct
information

16. z
PSC(POR
TST
A
TECONTROL)
Introduction
• PSC is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to
verify that the condition of the ship
• In order to ensure that the condition of foreign ships is well
above the excepted level, inspections are done on the ships
when they visit international ports
• The regulation of port state control was brought in by the
formation of Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MOU),
which also put forth the general criteria for inspection
procedures of all types of ships

17. z
BACKGROUNDOFPSC
•1978, a number of European countries agreed in The Hague on
a memorandum for the audit of labor conditions on board
vessels as to whether they were in accordance with the rules of
the ILO.
•After the Amoco Cadiz sank that year, it was decided to also
audit safety and pollution practices.
•To this end, in 1982 14 European countries agreed on the Paris
Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Paris
MoU) to establish port state control.
•Nowadays 26 European countries and Canada are signatories
of Paris MoU

18. z
SOMEGENERALRULESFORTHE INSPECTIONOF
FOREIGNVESSELS THA
TST
A
TEDBYMOU
•Inspection would be carried out on ships coming to a port for
the first time or after an absence of 12 months of more
•Inspection would be carried out of ships which have been
permitted to leave the port of a state with deficiencies to be
rectified
•Ships whose certificates are not in order would because
inspected

19. z
BASICPRINCIPLEOFPOR
TST
A
TE CONTROL
• Inspections are generally unannounced.
•The prime responsibility
requirements laid down
for the compliance with the
in the international maritime
conventions lies with the ship-owner/operator; responsibility
for ensuring such compliance remains with the flag State
•The member- countries agree to inspect a given percentage of
their estimated number of individual foreign merchant vessels
entering their ports.

20. z
SOMEOFTHETHINGSTHA
TW
ERE CHECKEDDURING
PSC INSPECTION
• Cargo Record Book
• Oil Record Book
• International tonnage certificate
• Medical fitness certificate
• Fire control and safety plan
• Engine room and deck log book

21. z
THINGSPOR
TST
A
TECONTROL INSPECTORCAN
CHECKINTHE ENGINEROOMOFASHIP
•Check alarms and safety trips for Main engine, all alarms and trips
for auxiliary engine and other machineries like compressor, boiler
and others. He also can check the lifting of safety valve of a boiler
and other.
•Check on steering room. He check for any leakages and
abnormality. He may ask any crew member to demonstrate
practically the procedure for emergency steering.
• Checks the general appearance and cleanliness of the ship.

22. z
EXAMPLEOFPSCINSPECTION REPORT

23. z
DETENTION
•When the ship is found to be dangerously unsafe to the safety of the ship,
its crew and to marine environment.
• When the condition and standard of the ship is incomplete contravention
with the regulations put forth by the IMO and other maritime authorities