The markhor is a species of wild goat found in northeastern Afghanistan, northern and central Pakistan, India, southern Tajikistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, and the Himalayas. It inhabits mountainous scrub forest habitats between 600-3,600 meters in elevation. The largest threats to markhor are poaching for its valuable horns and habitat loss. Conservation efforts include establishing reserves in Tajikistan and regulating trophy hunting in Pakistan to support local communities while protecting the species. The markhor population is currently estimated at around 5,800 individuals.
Systematic position
Physical description
Distribution
Food habitat
Grazing habits
Mating behaviour
Threats to wild ass
Poaching
Predation
Conservation efforts
Indian wild ass sanctuary
A PowerPoint presentation on some desert animals.
Visit my presentation video - https://youtu.be/TxK8xpItoAI
Visit my website - https://sites.google.com/view/overall-general/home
IJHRMOB is an international online journal in English published Quarterly. IJHRMOB offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review; the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process
https://ijhrmob.com/
Markhor_ A Unique and Endangered Species of Goat.pdfWorlds Animals
The markhor is a large, wild goat found in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. With impressive spiral horns that can grow up to 5 feet in length, the markhor is known for its striking appearance and agility on steep terrain. These animals can weigh up to 240 pounds and are typically solitary or found in small groups. They are also considered a national symbol in Pakistan.
Systematic position
Physical description
Distribution
Food habitat
Grazing habits
Mating behaviour
Threats to wild ass
Poaching
Predation
Conservation efforts
Indian wild ass sanctuary
A PowerPoint presentation on some desert animals.
Visit my presentation video - https://youtu.be/TxK8xpItoAI
Visit my website - https://sites.google.com/view/overall-general/home
IJHRMOB is an international online journal in English published Quarterly. IJHRMOB offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review; the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process
https://ijhrmob.com/
Markhor_ A Unique and Endangered Species of Goat.pdfWorlds Animals
The markhor is a large, wild goat found in the mountainous regions of Central Asia. With impressive spiral horns that can grow up to 5 feet in length, the markhor is known for its striking appearance and agility on steep terrain. These animals can weigh up to 240 pounds and are typically solitary or found in small groups. They are also considered a national symbol in Pakistan.
15. wild life and existing wild life and A series of Presentation ByMr Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
TROPHY HUNTING \ ESPECIALLY IN PAKISTAN wildlife(1)Ilman Khan
(1)...What is Trophy hunting? Write a detailed note on trophy hunting in Pakistan and its importance in future conservation planning of these enigmatic species... (5marks)
(2)....write a short note on taxonomic position, conservation status, Geographic distribution, and general biology of the following species.
Snow leopard
Common leopard
Brown bear
Gray wolf
And Markhoor (10 marks)
(3)...Capture 5 wild animals through the mobile camera and paste in the Word file along with the details of ….
Taxonomic position
Locality/Area
General information about the spp captured. (5 marks)
References.....
Google.com
www.Encyclopediabratinica.com
www.sciencedaily.com
Brown Bear | International Association for Bear Research and Management. (2017). International Association for Bear Research and Management. https://www.bearbiology.org/bear-species/brown-bear/
Ursus arctos (brown bear). (2020). Animal Diversity Web. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ursus_arctos/
https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/99/5/1249/5052734
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bear
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/g/gray-wolf/https://defenders.org/wildlife/gray-wolf
https://markhor.com/blogs/journal/markhor-national-animal-of-pakistan
http://animalia.bio/markhor
Gurez and Hazarganji Chiltan National ParkZoufishanY
The two national Parks in NOrth of Pakistan, Gurez and Hazarganji Chiltan National Park. Gurez NP located in the high Himalayas nearSrinagar in northern Kashmir and southern Gilgit-Baltistan. While, Hazarganji Chiltan NP is located in Sulaiman Mountains, with desert and forest habitats, in the Southwest of the city of Quetta.
24.wild life and wild life existing situation A series of Presentation ByMr A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
5. Distribution
A large species of wild goat that is found in
Northeastern Afghanistan
Northern and central Pakistan
India (only Jammu & Kashmir)
Southern Tajikistan
Eastern Turkmenistan
Southern Uzbekistan
Himalayas
7. Behavior
Markhor are adapted to mountainous terrain, and can be found between 600 and 3,600 meters
in elevation. They typically inhabit scrub forests made up primarily of oaks (Quercus
ilex), pines (Pinus gerardiana), and junipers (Juniperus macropoda).They are dirunal, and are
mainly active in the early morning and late afternoon. Their diets shift seasonally: in the
spring and summer periods they graze, but turn to browsing in winter, sometimes standing on
their hind legs to reach high branches. The mating season takes place in winter, during which
the males fight each other by lunging, locking horns and attempting to push each other off
balance. The gestation period lasts 135–170 days, and usually results in the birth of one or two
kids, though rarely three. Markhor live in flocks, usually numbering nine animals, composed of
adult females and their young. Adult males are largely solitary. Adult females and kids
comprise most of the markhor population, with adult females making up 32% of the population
and kids making up 31%. Adult males comprise 19%, while subadults (males aged 2–3 years)
make up 12%, and yearlings (females aged 12–24 months) make up 9% of the population. Their
alarm call closely resembles the bleating of domestic goats. Early in the season the males and
females may be found together on the open grassy patches and clear slopes among the forest.
During the summer, the males remain in the forest, while the females generally climb to the
highest rocky ridges above.
8. Predation
Humans are the primary predators on markhor. Because markhor inhabit
very steep and inaccessible mountainous habitat, several strongholds of
markhor populations have been rarely approached by man. Golden eagles
(Aquila chrysaetos) have been reported preying upon young markhor.
Among wild carnivores, Himalayan lynx (Lynx lynx), leopard cats
(Prionailurus bengalensis), snow leopards (Panthera uncia), wolves (Canis
lupus), and black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are the main predators of
markhor. Because of these threats, the markhor possess keen eyesight and
a strong sense of smell to detect nearby predators. Markhor are very
aware of their surroundings and are on high alert for predators. In exposed
areas, they are quick to spot and flee from predators.
9. Threats
Markhor are potential prey for snow leopards, brown bears, lynx, jackals, and golden
eagles. While not directly causing their endangerment, the already small population of
markhor is further threatened by their predation. Hunting for meat as a means of
subsistence or trade in wildlife parts adds to the growing problem for wildlife
managers in many countries. Poaching, with its indirect impacts as disturbance,
increasing fleeing distances and resulting reduction of effective habitat size, is by far
the most important factor threatening the survival of the markhor population. The
most important types of poachers seem to be local inhabitants, state border guards,
the latter usually relying on local hunting guides, and Afghans, illegally crossing the
border. Poaching causes fragmentation of the population. into small islands where the
remaining subpopulations are prone to extinction. The markhor is a valued trophy
hunting prize for its incredibly rare spiral horns which became a threat to their
species. The continuing declines of markhor populations finally caught the
international community and became a concern.
10. Hunting
In British India, markhor were considered to be among the most challenging game
species, due to the danger involved in stalking and pursuing them in high, mountainous
terrain.According to Arthur Brinckman, in his The Rifle in Cashmere, "a man who is a
good walker will never wish for any finer sport than ibex or markhoor shooting". Elliot
Roosevelt wrote of how he shot two markhor in 1881, his first on 8 July, his second on
1 August. Although it is illegal to hunt markhor in Afghanistan, they have been
traditionally hunted in Nuristan and Laghman Provinces, and this may have intensified
during the War in Afghanistan. In Pakistan, hunting markhor is legal as part of a
conservation process, expensive hunting licenses are available from the Pakistani
government which allow for the hunting of old markhors which are no longer good for
breeding purposes. In India, it is illegal to hunt markhor but they are poached for food
and for their horns, which are thought to have medicinal properties. Markhor have also
been successfully introduced to private game ranches in Texas. Unlike
the aoudad, blackbuck, nilgai, ibex, and axis deer, however, markhor have not escaped
in sufficient numbers to establish free-range wild populations in Texas.
11. Conservation status
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources currently
classifies the markhor as a near to threat species, due to a relatively small population
(2013 estimate: ~5,800 individuals), the absence of a projected total population
decline, and relying on ongoing conservation efforts to keep this population level.There
are reservations in Tajikistan to protect the markhors. In 1973, two reservations were
established. The Dashtijum Strict Reserve (also called the Zapovednik in Russian) offers
markhor protect across 20,000 ha. The Dashtijum Reserve (called the Zakasnik in
Russian) covers 53,000 ha. Though these reserves exist to protect and conserve the
markhor population, the regulations are poorly enforced making poaching common as
well as habitat destruction. The two organizations expect that their conversations will
not only protect, but allow them to sustainability use the markhor species. This
approach has been very effective compared to the protect lands that lack enforcement
and security. In India, the markhor is a fully protected (Schedule I) species under
Jammu and Kashmir's Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1978.
12. In culture
• The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan. It was one of the 72 animals featured
on the WWF Conservation Coin Collection in 1976. Markhor marionettes are used in
the Afghan puppet shows known as buz-baz. The markhor has also been mentioned in
a Pakistani computer-animated film known as Allahyar and the Legend of Markhor.[31]
• In 2018, Pakistan's flag carrier Pakistan International Airlines adopted the markhor on
its new revised livery.
• The Markhor is also present on the logo of the Inter-Services Intelligence.