This study examined the marketing implications of call drops for GSM services in Nigeria. A survey was conducted with 384 respondents from MTN, GLO, and Airtel networks in Imo and Abia States. The study found that call drops negatively impact customer loyalty, satisfaction, and patronage of GSM services. Factors like network quality, pricing, coverage, and call completion rates were found to influence customer choice of networks. Customers reported feeling dissatisfied when calls repeatedly dropped. The researchers recommended that the government and regulators more closely monitor operators' quality of service and pricing, and that network infrastructure be expanded to reduce call dropping, especially in rural areas.
Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Mobile Telecommunications Services in ...Moses Oduh
This document summarizes a study that examined determinants of willingness to pay for mobile telecommunications services in Nigeria. The study used survey data from 5,600 individual consumers to estimate a censored Tobit model of willingness to pay. The results showed that demand for mobile services varies with socioeconomic factors, while access is limited by network coverage, quality of service, interconnectivity, and call tariffs. The study recommends price cap regulation and number portability to improve access and ensure productivity gains are passed to consumers.
The document discusses the telecom industry in India. It provides an overview of key metrics of the industry such as revenue, number of subscribers, market share of major players, and average revenue per user. It also examines the industry structure and distribution channels. Recent trends are mentioned such as the growing importance of rural subscribers, internet, and broadband. Challenges and opportunities for the industry are highlighted. The telecom industry's impact and relationship with other sectors like infrastructure, mobile devices, banking, education and healthcare are briefly covered.
The telecom industry in India has experienced significant growth over the last decade, driven by factors such as increasing network coverage, declining tariffs due to competition, and the launch of new technologies. Key metrics that reflect this growth include rising subscriber numbers, which surpassed 897 million in 2013, and increased internet and broadband access. However, this growth has also come at environmental and financial costs. Moving forward, continued investment, expansion of rural connectivity, and policies promoting sustainability and local manufacturing are expected to further develop the telecom sector in India.
Future Broadband Trend and Myanmar LandscapeDao Phuong Nam
- Myanmar has very low broadband penetration rates, weak internet connectivity, limited domestic connectivity, and very expensive internet prices compared to other ASEAN countries.
- The top broadband providers in Myanmar are RedLink with 38% market share, MPT with 27% market share, and YT with 24% market share. RedLink provides WiMAX, WiFi, and FTTx services covering 3 major cities.
- A new Telecommunications Law was passed in 2013 to liberalize the telecom market and encourage more investment and competition among internet service providers in Myanmar.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges facing the development of Myanmar's telecommunications sector. Key points include:
- Myanmar has one of the lowest mobile and fixed line penetration rates in the world, at around 3-4%, presenting major growth opportunities. However, significant infrastructure investment is required.
- The government aims to increase penetration rates to 50% by 2015 but must balance quick growth with learning from other countries' experiences.
- Separating the regulatory body from the state-owned operator MPT and liberalizing the market are seen as important steps, but challenges around regulations, infrastructure financing and spectrum allocation remain.
- International operators are interested in the market but risks around an uncertain regulatory environment and
Australia – Telecoms Industry Analysis and Forecast to 2015-2020 Sachin Sharma
This report provides data and analyses on Australia’s telecom sector, including a wealth of statistics relating to various market segments.
Find the report at - http://goo.gl/jszS4K
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications industry in India. It discusses that India has the second largest telecom network in the world, with over 929 million wireless subscribers as of 2012. The key areas covered include fixed telephone lines, wireless services, broadband, and broadcasting. It also outlines the major players in the industry such as Bharti Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone and BSNL, as well as the role of the Indian government in regulating the sector through policies and agencies like TRAI.
Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Mobile Telecommunications Services in ...Moses Oduh
This document summarizes a study that examined determinants of willingness to pay for mobile telecommunications services in Nigeria. The study used survey data from 5,600 individual consumers to estimate a censored Tobit model of willingness to pay. The results showed that demand for mobile services varies with socioeconomic factors, while access is limited by network coverage, quality of service, interconnectivity, and call tariffs. The study recommends price cap regulation and number portability to improve access and ensure productivity gains are passed to consumers.
The document discusses the telecom industry in India. It provides an overview of key metrics of the industry such as revenue, number of subscribers, market share of major players, and average revenue per user. It also examines the industry structure and distribution channels. Recent trends are mentioned such as the growing importance of rural subscribers, internet, and broadband. Challenges and opportunities for the industry are highlighted. The telecom industry's impact and relationship with other sectors like infrastructure, mobile devices, banking, education and healthcare are briefly covered.
The telecom industry in India has experienced significant growth over the last decade, driven by factors such as increasing network coverage, declining tariffs due to competition, and the launch of new technologies. Key metrics that reflect this growth include rising subscriber numbers, which surpassed 897 million in 2013, and increased internet and broadband access. However, this growth has also come at environmental and financial costs. Moving forward, continued investment, expansion of rural connectivity, and policies promoting sustainability and local manufacturing are expected to further develop the telecom sector in India.
Future Broadband Trend and Myanmar LandscapeDao Phuong Nam
- Myanmar has very low broadband penetration rates, weak internet connectivity, limited domestic connectivity, and very expensive internet prices compared to other ASEAN countries.
- The top broadband providers in Myanmar are RedLink with 38% market share, MPT with 27% market share, and YT with 24% market share. RedLink provides WiMAX, WiFi, and FTTx services covering 3 major cities.
- A new Telecommunications Law was passed in 2013 to liberalize the telecom market and encourage more investment and competition among internet service providers in Myanmar.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges facing the development of Myanmar's telecommunications sector. Key points include:
- Myanmar has one of the lowest mobile and fixed line penetration rates in the world, at around 3-4%, presenting major growth opportunities. However, significant infrastructure investment is required.
- The government aims to increase penetration rates to 50% by 2015 but must balance quick growth with learning from other countries' experiences.
- Separating the regulatory body from the state-owned operator MPT and liberalizing the market are seen as important steps, but challenges around regulations, infrastructure financing and spectrum allocation remain.
- International operators are interested in the market but risks around an uncertain regulatory environment and
Australia – Telecoms Industry Analysis and Forecast to 2015-2020 Sachin Sharma
This report provides data and analyses on Australia’s telecom sector, including a wealth of statistics relating to various market segments.
Find the report at - http://goo.gl/jszS4K
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications industry in India. It discusses that India has the second largest telecom network in the world, with over 929 million wireless subscribers as of 2012. The key areas covered include fixed telephone lines, wireless services, broadband, and broadcasting. It also outlines the major players in the industry such as Bharti Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone and BSNL, as well as the role of the Indian government in regulating the sector through policies and agencies like TRAI.
In this presentation I have explained about telecommunication in India.
topics covered are as under
Telecom Industry Overview
Major Players in Telecom Sector
Emerging Trends in Telecom Market
Growth Avenues
Role of Cost & Management Accountant in Telecom sector
Q & A session.
http://www.airtel3gplans.com/airtel-3g-plans/all-airtel-3g-plans-details/
China has over 1 billion mobile subscribers, with the three main carriers (China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom) dominating the market. 3G adoption is still low, accounting for under 10% of subscribers. SMS and basic feature phones are still widely used, even among youth. The market is fragmented across China's 31 provinces, and most users are prepaid with little subscriber data available. Mobile internet use is growing rapidly along with larger phone screens. Future revenue growth is expected from mobile data and applications, though monetization remains a challenge.
The Indian telecommunications sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years and become the third largest market globally. A PESTEL analysis was conducted to analyze the key political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors influencing the industry. Politically, reforms since the 1980s have opened the sector to private players. Economically, revenue and GDP contribution have increased significantly. Socially, changing lifestyles and rural connectivity have impacted demand. Technologically, advances like 3G and new standards have been adopted. Legally, regulations have evolved with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India now overseeing the sector. Environmentally, operators are focusing more on reducing electronic waste and emissions.
Measuring the complexity of the Internet: indexes and indicatorsAFRINIC
Measuring internet development in order to achieve better connectivity and resulting socio-economic development goals is a challenge and a necessity to ascertain progress made in terms of ICT sector development and socio-economic growth. Many intergovernmental, governments, non-profit and private organisations have sought to tackle the challenge through setting targets, defining indicators, and applying research methods to measure progress. Nevertheless, ambitious goals and targets relate mostly to the achievement or improvement of physical connectivity to ICT, while as more and more people get connected to the internet, the attainment of users' digital rights including capabilities and liberties will need to be measured as well and will need to be included in policy objectives on ICT development.
This document provides an overview of the telecom industry in India. It discusses the history of reforms starting in the 1980s through phases in the 1990s and 2000s. Key policies like NTP 1994 and NTP 1999 opened the industry to private competition and investment. Subscriber growth, average revenue, market shares, and service trends are analyzed. The document also covers topics like FDI, mergers and acquisitions, spectrum issues, and recommendations to improve customer service.
An alarming signal in mobile telecommunication industry a study in malaysiaijmnct
The use of products and services of the mobile telecommunication industry becomes a part and parcel of
each human being around the globe irrespective of the age. It is hardly visible to see people without the use
of telecommunication technology in today’s world. The present research article examines the alarming
signal of market saturation of telecommunication companies in Malaysia as internal competitors is
increasing in number and age restriction of 18 years and above for legally registered owners of mobiles.
The saturation in the mobile telecommunication market is due to the relative low birth rate in Malaysia, the
eligible population to register a mobile phone is not proportional to telecommunication service providers.
In addition, there is also new Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) which magnifies the problem
further. Otherwise the local service providers have efficient and effective networking with other countries;
the sustainability of the telecommunication company's performance is at stake.
I am not putting any restrictions on this PPT. But, it will be very great, if you acknowledge my work. It will cost nothing. And, of course you can appreciate my work :) .Surprisingly, it also costs NOTHING. Happy to help you :)
I tried to acknowledge everything ,(not usually cut,copy and paste and then forgetting..) that helped me to make this ppt. May be why I ended up with a job in a research co. because of this.
The document discusses the growth prospects of India's telecom sector in 2012. It outlines presentations by group members on topics like investment opportunities, the regulatory framework, emerging trends, growth opportunities, and conclusions. Key points include India having the second largest telecom penetration globally and telecom subscribers expected to reach over 5 billion by 2020. The sector is expected to see huge investments of over $70 billion to rollout networks. Regulatory reforms like increased FDI limits and the upcoming new telecom policy in 2012 are also highlighted. Emerging trends discussed include the transition to 4G networks, growth of value-added services, and opportunities in mobile commerce and entertainment. Major players in different segments of the Indian telecom industry are also listed.
Call blocking probability is a key performance metric for any telecommunication protocol.
Unexpectedly, the level of patronage being experienced in Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in
Nigeria is overwhelming. This is as a result of freedom of calling from anywhere at any time and clarity of the
voice enjoyed in GSM since it is on a digital technology platform. This has brought a lot of congestion in the
network resulting in poor services by the operators. This research has developed a control algorithm for the
management of the congestion experienced in the GSM network in Nigeria. It explores the use of Erlang-B in
determining the appropriate probability level for some range of subscribers. Thereafter, when there is
congestion, block time sharing, dynamic allocation without time slicing, dynamic allocation time slicing with
signal sensing, frequently recent call allocation, and priority allocation algorithms were developed to manage
the congestion. Furthermore, a hybrid algorithm was developed that integrates all the algorithms together in
other to manage the congestion considering all the strengths and constraints of each algorithm. If the
recommended congestion management algorithm is followed comprehensibly, the congestion problem on the
GSM network will be reduced drastically which in turn reduces call block. Also, from the research conducted by
NCC and others in quest for ameliorating the call block problem, it was noted that from the average number of
subscribers that dialed up to three or more times before getting connected, 58% of call blocking rate was
recorded which after using more number of timeslots (which depicted more available channels) in this work was
reduced as showed in the simulation results and will also be reduced the more using the developed congestion
control algorithm technique. The simulation codes and program are shown on the appendix in chapter five.
The telecom network in India is the fifth largest in the world and meets global standards. Currently, the Indian telecom industry contributes nearly 1% to India's GDP. The document provides a history of telecom in India beginning in 1851 and outlines key milestones such as the introduction of private sector involvement in the 1980s. It discusses government policies like the National Telecom Policy of 1999 which aimed to improve connectivity and quality of services. The rapid growth of the telecom sector post liberalization in 1991 is also summarized.
Strategic Orientation and Service Quality of Mobile Telephone Network MTN in ...ijtsrd
The document discusses a study that examined the effect of strategic orientation on service quality of Mobile Telephone Network (MTN) in selected states in Nigeria. It provides background on the telecommunications industry and issues with network performance in developing countries like Nigeria. The study investigated how MTN's strategic orientation dimensions of customer orientation, technology orientation, marketing capabilities, and market orientation affected its service quality. Survey data was collected from MTN customers and staff. The results found that all strategic orientation dimensions had a significant positive effect on MTN's service quality as perceived by both customers and staff. The study concluded that adopting strategic orientations can improve customer experience and service quality for telecom companies in Nigeria. It recommends telcos increase commitment to strategic practices and technology
India is the world’s second-largest telecommunications market, with 898 million subscribers as of March 2013. The sector's revenue grew by 13.4 per cent to reach US$ 64.1 billion in FY12. Wireless and wireline revenue increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9 per cent to reach US$ 40.8 billion over FY07-12.; revenues from the telecom equipment segment in FY12 stood at US$ 23.5 billion as compared to US$ 23.4 billion in FY11.
Availability of affordable smartphones and lower rates are expected to drive growth in the Indian telecom industry. The Government of India (GOI) has been proactive in its efforts to transform India into a global telecommunication hub. The government has allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) of up to 74 per cent in basic and cellular, unified access, national/international long distance, and V-Sat services as well as public mobile radio trucked services. FDI of up to100 per cent is permitted for infrastructure providers offering dark fibre, electronic mail and voice mail.
The surge in the subscriber base has necessitated a network expansion covering a wider area, thereby creating a need for significant investment in telecom infrastructure. Telecom infrastructure in India is expected to increase at a CAGR of 20 per cent during 2008-15 to reach 571,000 towers in 2015.
The Indian telecom sector has experienced high growth rates in recent years, with over 60 lakh new customers added each month. Tariffs have been drastically reduced, bringing world-class services to more accessible prices. Major services include fixed and mobile networks using technologies like copper, fiber optics, GSM, and CDMA. Key government initiatives opening the sector to private players and setting policies have driven expansion. Major players now include Bharti Airtel, Reliance Communications, Vodafone Essar, BSNL, and Idea Cellular, with intense competition among them.
Thailand has a robust mobile market with over 68 million subscribers and a penetration rate of over 100%. The top three mobile operators are AIS, DTAC, and True Move, who collectively control over 67% of the market. While mobile phone ownership is widespread, adoption of 3G services remains low at only 1.3% of subscribers due to poor infrastructure. The government recognizes the need to improve connectivity and has awarded 3G licenses and allocated funding to expand high-speed networks.
The document provides a SWOT analysis of Egypt's telecom industry. It notes strengths like Egypt's large population and young demographics, as well as opportunities like potential revenue from triple play licenses and mobile banking opportunities from expat workers. Weaknesses include the prepaid-focused mobile market and low internet usage. Threats include the potential for political unrest disrupting the industry.
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly over the past decade and a half. India now has over 1 billion subscribers and is the second largest telecom market globally. The industry is expected to generate 4 million jobs in the coming years. It comprises mobile/wireless, fixed-line, and internet services. Major players include Vodafone Idea, Airtel, Jio, BSNL and others. The industry faces threats from substitutes but also barriers to entry. It has grown at a CAGR of 7.17% and revenues are expected to further increase due to initiatives like Digital India that aim to improve connectivity nationwide.
This presentation have been made by ISBM Kolkata, students.This is basically on the reforms of Indian Telecoms Industry after liberalization.Industry analysis is the backdrop throughout the presentation 7 then emphasis on a particular company.
The industrialization and information age has made the telecommunication industry expanded into diversified
functionality to support the growth of technological advancement for better services demanded by any
particular nation. In India, telecommunication industry is now considered to be prominent due to its contribution as a tool of
technological support for the national development in line with the national aspirations. These progresses are not a dream
that encapsulates with unreal events and nightmares, but they are the vision that will bring the nation to stand on his or her
feet as tall as the other nations around the world. There is no doubt that telecommunication sector will be expanded farther
and further after the government of Indian has agreed to focus more attention on the Industry. In conclusion, Indian has not
make a mistake when they invest more money in the telecommunication industry that will definitely uplift the nation into a
new culture of civilization in the world and such measures are contributing to another culture of excellent.
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications industry in India and Reliance Communications company profile.
The key points are:
- The telecom industry in India has experienced rapid growth fueled by increasing mobile phone users. India now has the second largest telecom network globally.
- Reliance Communications is India's largest integrated telecom company with over 60 million customers. It offers both wireless and wireline communication services across mobile, internet, long distance, etc.
- Reliance Communications aims to provide affordable and leading-edge communication services to individuals and businesses in India through its pan-India network. It competes with major players like Airtel, Idea, and Vodaf
Micro economic study of Indian telecom industryDipankar Mishra
The Indian mobile subscriber base is likely to sustain the rapid growth recorded in the past few years. Presence of skilled labour pool, improving telecom infrastructure, favourable demographics, rising disposable incomes of consumers, declining tariffs, increasing demand, growing attraction for mobiles with new features and greater availability of handsets at lower prices, are expected to continue driving the growth of the telecom sector, going forward.
However, the companies are likely to encounter a more challenging business environment in the near future, given the sustained fall in ARPUs, rapidly increasing competition and consequent pressure on margins and regulatory risks. Companies with good rural coverage, better operational efficiency, and superior quality of service are likely to stay ahead of competitors.
The industry will also witness the mergers of relatively smaller companies with the big players. Only big three or four players will dominate the market and direct price war may stop and Industry will agree on a standard pricing and competition will on the services and offerings.
In a Farming Field area, there is a need of proper water supply to prevent it from drying and avoiding the over flow condition. If the water level in a Borewell connected near to the field drops below the threshold level for irrigation and Field starts drying and also its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem. This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the Borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely ‘switch on’ or ‘switch off’ the pump motor by sending a sms from mobile phone.
A mobile station in GSM comprises several functional groups including the mobile terminal, terminal adapter, terminal equipment, and subscriber identity module. The network and switching subsystem is the main component of the public mobile network and controls switching, mobility management, and interconnection. It includes components like the mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. The mobile switching center plays a central role in switching functions and mobility support.
In this presentation I have explained about telecommunication in India.
topics covered are as under
Telecom Industry Overview
Major Players in Telecom Sector
Emerging Trends in Telecom Market
Growth Avenues
Role of Cost & Management Accountant in Telecom sector
Q & A session.
http://www.airtel3gplans.com/airtel-3g-plans/all-airtel-3g-plans-details/
China has over 1 billion mobile subscribers, with the three main carriers (China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom) dominating the market. 3G adoption is still low, accounting for under 10% of subscribers. SMS and basic feature phones are still widely used, even among youth. The market is fragmented across China's 31 provinces, and most users are prepaid with little subscriber data available. Mobile internet use is growing rapidly along with larger phone screens. Future revenue growth is expected from mobile data and applications, though monetization remains a challenge.
The Indian telecommunications sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years and become the third largest market globally. A PESTEL analysis was conducted to analyze the key political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors influencing the industry. Politically, reforms since the 1980s have opened the sector to private players. Economically, revenue and GDP contribution have increased significantly. Socially, changing lifestyles and rural connectivity have impacted demand. Technologically, advances like 3G and new standards have been adopted. Legally, regulations have evolved with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India now overseeing the sector. Environmentally, operators are focusing more on reducing electronic waste and emissions.
Measuring the complexity of the Internet: indexes and indicatorsAFRINIC
Measuring internet development in order to achieve better connectivity and resulting socio-economic development goals is a challenge and a necessity to ascertain progress made in terms of ICT sector development and socio-economic growth. Many intergovernmental, governments, non-profit and private organisations have sought to tackle the challenge through setting targets, defining indicators, and applying research methods to measure progress. Nevertheless, ambitious goals and targets relate mostly to the achievement or improvement of physical connectivity to ICT, while as more and more people get connected to the internet, the attainment of users' digital rights including capabilities and liberties will need to be measured as well and will need to be included in policy objectives on ICT development.
This document provides an overview of the telecom industry in India. It discusses the history of reforms starting in the 1980s through phases in the 1990s and 2000s. Key policies like NTP 1994 and NTP 1999 opened the industry to private competition and investment. Subscriber growth, average revenue, market shares, and service trends are analyzed. The document also covers topics like FDI, mergers and acquisitions, spectrum issues, and recommendations to improve customer service.
An alarming signal in mobile telecommunication industry a study in malaysiaijmnct
The use of products and services of the mobile telecommunication industry becomes a part and parcel of
each human being around the globe irrespective of the age. It is hardly visible to see people without the use
of telecommunication technology in today’s world. The present research article examines the alarming
signal of market saturation of telecommunication companies in Malaysia as internal competitors is
increasing in number and age restriction of 18 years and above for legally registered owners of mobiles.
The saturation in the mobile telecommunication market is due to the relative low birth rate in Malaysia, the
eligible population to register a mobile phone is not proportional to telecommunication service providers.
In addition, there is also new Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) which magnifies the problem
further. Otherwise the local service providers have efficient and effective networking with other countries;
the sustainability of the telecommunication company's performance is at stake.
I am not putting any restrictions on this PPT. But, it will be very great, if you acknowledge my work. It will cost nothing. And, of course you can appreciate my work :) .Surprisingly, it also costs NOTHING. Happy to help you :)
I tried to acknowledge everything ,(not usually cut,copy and paste and then forgetting..) that helped me to make this ppt. May be why I ended up with a job in a research co. because of this.
The document discusses the growth prospects of India's telecom sector in 2012. It outlines presentations by group members on topics like investment opportunities, the regulatory framework, emerging trends, growth opportunities, and conclusions. Key points include India having the second largest telecom penetration globally and telecom subscribers expected to reach over 5 billion by 2020. The sector is expected to see huge investments of over $70 billion to rollout networks. Regulatory reforms like increased FDI limits and the upcoming new telecom policy in 2012 are also highlighted. Emerging trends discussed include the transition to 4G networks, growth of value-added services, and opportunities in mobile commerce and entertainment. Major players in different segments of the Indian telecom industry are also listed.
Call blocking probability is a key performance metric for any telecommunication protocol.
Unexpectedly, the level of patronage being experienced in Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in
Nigeria is overwhelming. This is as a result of freedom of calling from anywhere at any time and clarity of the
voice enjoyed in GSM since it is on a digital technology platform. This has brought a lot of congestion in the
network resulting in poor services by the operators. This research has developed a control algorithm for the
management of the congestion experienced in the GSM network in Nigeria. It explores the use of Erlang-B in
determining the appropriate probability level for some range of subscribers. Thereafter, when there is
congestion, block time sharing, dynamic allocation without time slicing, dynamic allocation time slicing with
signal sensing, frequently recent call allocation, and priority allocation algorithms were developed to manage
the congestion. Furthermore, a hybrid algorithm was developed that integrates all the algorithms together in
other to manage the congestion considering all the strengths and constraints of each algorithm. If the
recommended congestion management algorithm is followed comprehensibly, the congestion problem on the
GSM network will be reduced drastically which in turn reduces call block. Also, from the research conducted by
NCC and others in quest for ameliorating the call block problem, it was noted that from the average number of
subscribers that dialed up to three or more times before getting connected, 58% of call blocking rate was
recorded which after using more number of timeslots (which depicted more available channels) in this work was
reduced as showed in the simulation results and will also be reduced the more using the developed congestion
control algorithm technique. The simulation codes and program are shown on the appendix in chapter five.
The telecom network in India is the fifth largest in the world and meets global standards. Currently, the Indian telecom industry contributes nearly 1% to India's GDP. The document provides a history of telecom in India beginning in 1851 and outlines key milestones such as the introduction of private sector involvement in the 1980s. It discusses government policies like the National Telecom Policy of 1999 which aimed to improve connectivity and quality of services. The rapid growth of the telecom sector post liberalization in 1991 is also summarized.
Strategic Orientation and Service Quality of Mobile Telephone Network MTN in ...ijtsrd
The document discusses a study that examined the effect of strategic orientation on service quality of Mobile Telephone Network (MTN) in selected states in Nigeria. It provides background on the telecommunications industry and issues with network performance in developing countries like Nigeria. The study investigated how MTN's strategic orientation dimensions of customer orientation, technology orientation, marketing capabilities, and market orientation affected its service quality. Survey data was collected from MTN customers and staff. The results found that all strategic orientation dimensions had a significant positive effect on MTN's service quality as perceived by both customers and staff. The study concluded that adopting strategic orientations can improve customer experience and service quality for telecom companies in Nigeria. It recommends telcos increase commitment to strategic practices and technology
India is the world’s second-largest telecommunications market, with 898 million subscribers as of March 2013. The sector's revenue grew by 13.4 per cent to reach US$ 64.1 billion in FY12. Wireless and wireline revenue increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9 per cent to reach US$ 40.8 billion over FY07-12.; revenues from the telecom equipment segment in FY12 stood at US$ 23.5 billion as compared to US$ 23.4 billion in FY11.
Availability of affordable smartphones and lower rates are expected to drive growth in the Indian telecom industry. The Government of India (GOI) has been proactive in its efforts to transform India into a global telecommunication hub. The government has allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) of up to 74 per cent in basic and cellular, unified access, national/international long distance, and V-Sat services as well as public mobile radio trucked services. FDI of up to100 per cent is permitted for infrastructure providers offering dark fibre, electronic mail and voice mail.
The surge in the subscriber base has necessitated a network expansion covering a wider area, thereby creating a need for significant investment in telecom infrastructure. Telecom infrastructure in India is expected to increase at a CAGR of 20 per cent during 2008-15 to reach 571,000 towers in 2015.
The Indian telecom sector has experienced high growth rates in recent years, with over 60 lakh new customers added each month. Tariffs have been drastically reduced, bringing world-class services to more accessible prices. Major services include fixed and mobile networks using technologies like copper, fiber optics, GSM, and CDMA. Key government initiatives opening the sector to private players and setting policies have driven expansion. Major players now include Bharti Airtel, Reliance Communications, Vodafone Essar, BSNL, and Idea Cellular, with intense competition among them.
Thailand has a robust mobile market with over 68 million subscribers and a penetration rate of over 100%. The top three mobile operators are AIS, DTAC, and True Move, who collectively control over 67% of the market. While mobile phone ownership is widespread, adoption of 3G services remains low at only 1.3% of subscribers due to poor infrastructure. The government recognizes the need to improve connectivity and has awarded 3G licenses and allocated funding to expand high-speed networks.
The document provides a SWOT analysis of Egypt's telecom industry. It notes strengths like Egypt's large population and young demographics, as well as opportunities like potential revenue from triple play licenses and mobile banking opportunities from expat workers. Weaknesses include the prepaid-focused mobile market and low internet usage. Threats include the potential for political unrest disrupting the industry.
The telecom industry in India has grown rapidly over the past decade and a half. India now has over 1 billion subscribers and is the second largest telecom market globally. The industry is expected to generate 4 million jobs in the coming years. It comprises mobile/wireless, fixed-line, and internet services. Major players include Vodafone Idea, Airtel, Jio, BSNL and others. The industry faces threats from substitutes but also barriers to entry. It has grown at a CAGR of 7.17% and revenues are expected to further increase due to initiatives like Digital India that aim to improve connectivity nationwide.
This presentation have been made by ISBM Kolkata, students.This is basically on the reforms of Indian Telecoms Industry after liberalization.Industry analysis is the backdrop throughout the presentation 7 then emphasis on a particular company.
The industrialization and information age has made the telecommunication industry expanded into diversified
functionality to support the growth of technological advancement for better services demanded by any
particular nation. In India, telecommunication industry is now considered to be prominent due to its contribution as a tool of
technological support for the national development in line with the national aspirations. These progresses are not a dream
that encapsulates with unreal events and nightmares, but they are the vision that will bring the nation to stand on his or her
feet as tall as the other nations around the world. There is no doubt that telecommunication sector will be expanded farther
and further after the government of Indian has agreed to focus more attention on the Industry. In conclusion, Indian has not
make a mistake when they invest more money in the telecommunication industry that will definitely uplift the nation into a
new culture of civilization in the world and such measures are contributing to another culture of excellent.
The document provides an overview of the telecommunications industry in India and Reliance Communications company profile.
The key points are:
- The telecom industry in India has experienced rapid growth fueled by increasing mobile phone users. India now has the second largest telecom network globally.
- Reliance Communications is India's largest integrated telecom company with over 60 million customers. It offers both wireless and wireline communication services across mobile, internet, long distance, etc.
- Reliance Communications aims to provide affordable and leading-edge communication services to individuals and businesses in India through its pan-India network. It competes with major players like Airtel, Idea, and Vodaf
Micro economic study of Indian telecom industryDipankar Mishra
The Indian mobile subscriber base is likely to sustain the rapid growth recorded in the past few years. Presence of skilled labour pool, improving telecom infrastructure, favourable demographics, rising disposable incomes of consumers, declining tariffs, increasing demand, growing attraction for mobiles with new features and greater availability of handsets at lower prices, are expected to continue driving the growth of the telecom sector, going forward.
However, the companies are likely to encounter a more challenging business environment in the near future, given the sustained fall in ARPUs, rapidly increasing competition and consequent pressure on margins and regulatory risks. Companies with good rural coverage, better operational efficiency, and superior quality of service are likely to stay ahead of competitors.
The industry will also witness the mergers of relatively smaller companies with the big players. Only big three or four players will dominate the market and direct price war may stop and Industry will agree on a standard pricing and competition will on the services and offerings.
In a Farming Field area, there is a need of proper water supply to prevent it from drying and avoiding the over flow condition. If the water level in a Borewell connected near to the field drops below the threshold level for irrigation and Field starts drying and also its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem. This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the Borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely ‘switch on’ or ‘switch off’ the pump motor by sending a sms from mobile phone.
A mobile station in GSM comprises several functional groups including the mobile terminal, terminal adapter, terminal equipment, and subscriber identity module. The network and switching subsystem is the main component of the public mobile network and controls switching, mobility management, and interconnection. It includes components like the mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. The mobile switching center plays a central role in switching functions and mobility support.
The document provides an overview of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) including its architecture, modulation techniques, and frequency allocation in India. It discusses the key components of GSM architecture like the Base Station System (BSS), Network Switching Subsystem (NSS), and Operations and Maintenance Center (OMC). It also covers the evolution of GSM networks from 2G to 2.5G GPRS networks and increases in data rates. Finally, it lists India's frequency allocation plan and the frequency bands designated for mobile services, broadcasting, Wi-Fi and other applications.
This document provides an introduction to GSM networks and their history. It discusses [1] the origins and evolution of cellular networks prior to GSM, [2] the formation of GSM in 1982 to develop a pan-European cellular standard, and [3] the key phases and advances of GSM technology over time, including digital voice services, SMS, and mobile data. The document also outlines some of the main advantages of GSM networks, including international roaming, security, voice quality, and their use of a single global standard.
The document discusses GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), including its definition as a 2G cellular standard, system architecture with components like the mobile station, base station subsystem, and network subsystem, basic features like call waiting and advanced features like roaming, future developments like UMTS, and advantages like international roaming capabilities and efficient use of spectrum.
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It discusses that GSM was created in 1982 to set a standard for mobile communications and the first system was deployed in 1991. The GSM architecture includes the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the network and switching subsystem including mobile switching centers, home location register, and authentication center. GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands in India and uses frequency division duplex to provide communications between mobile devices and the network.
Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed for voice services and data delivery using digital modulation. It has a network subsystem including components like the MSC, HLR, VLR, and AuC that handle call processing and subscriber information. The radio subsystem consists of BSCs controlling multiple BTSs to manage radio network access. GSM provides international roaming, high quality voice calls, and supports data services like SMS and fax in addition to voice.
The document provides an overview of GSM architecture including:
1. GSM uses a cellular network architecture with base stations, base station controllers, mobile switching centers, and databases to manage subscriber identity and location.
2. The network allows for voice calls and data services including SMS, and provides security through subscriber authentication and encryption.
3. GSM is a global standard that enabled international roaming and continues to evolve to support higher data rates through technologies like GPRS, EDGE, and WCDMA.
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS ON TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NORTH...IJCSES Journal
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REVIEW AND ANALYSIS ON TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NORTH...IJCSES Journal
Telecommunication network infrastructure determines the strength of a country for successful
communication with other parts of the world. Due to the rapid increase of internet usage and mobile
communication in every part of the world, specifically the third world countries, Nigeria is among the
countries that is advancing in the used of telecommunication contraptions. The Nigerian
Telecommunication Industries play a vital role in boosting the social and economic infrastructure of the
country. This paper is aimed at investigating the Telecommunication Network infrastructure in the Northwestern part of Nigerian and propose some technologies that increase data bandwidth and internet
penetration in the region. Problems and future solutions to the existing network infrastructure in the
province were discussed and basic analysis is conducted to justify the importance of the study. Mobile
market analysis, current infrastructure, parameters evaluation and the way forward to the problems are
discussed. Comparative analysis between the existing network infrastructure that is 3G networks and the
proffer solution to the existing standard which is 4G network is also conducted. This paper also conducts
an analysis on the existing Network providers in the region with their draw backs and the quality of
services they provide to the customers within the region. The paper concludes with a future plan of coming
up with an analytical solution in order to study the implementation process of a full 4G network in the
Northwest region of Nigeria and to use a simulated environment to test the proposed model for viability.
Most viewes Articles - International Journal of Computer Science & Engineerin...IJCSES Journal
Telecommunication network infrastructure determines the strength of a country for successful
communication with other parts of the world. Due to the rapid increase of internet usage and mobile
communication in every part of the world, specifically the third world countries, Nigeria is among the
countries that is advancing in the used of telecommunication contraptions. The Nigerian
Telecommunication Industries play a vital role in boosting the social and economic infrastructure of the
country. This paper is aimed at investigating the Telecommunication Network infrastructure in the Northwestern part of Nigerian and propose some technologies that increase data bandwidth and internet
penetration in the region
The African telecoms market is at a crossroads as it transitions from a voice-centric market targeting upper classes to a mass market focused on data services. While long-term growth is expected to come from increasing data usage, short-term challenges exist from decelerating subscriber growth, intense price competition squeezing margins, and the adjustments required for operators during this transition period. To successfully navigate this period, industry leaders need to optimize costs, drive service differentiation, and work with governments to consolidate markets and create a regulatory environment supportive of continued investment and innovation.
Mobile phone ownership has exploded in developing countries like Cameroon, Nigeria, and Uganda. 92% of small business owners in coverage areas own and use mobile phones daily. Mobiles have provided both incremental benefits like increased productivity and transformational benefits like new ways to access banking and money transfers. 73% of micro-entrepreneurs save 3 hours of business time daily using mobiles, and 72% reported increased profits. However, more research is still needed to precisely quantify the economic impact of mobile phones on small businesses and growth.
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This document analyzes productivity changes in the African telecommunications industry from 2000 to 2009. It finds that the industry has improved productivity levels during this period, though most productivity growth resulted from technological advancement rather than gains in technical efficiency. Market competition and increasing subscriptions also positively impacted productivity. The study concludes that African countries can further boost productivity in their telecommunications sectors by improving technical efficiencies, increasing outputs like mobile phone penetration, and allowing more competition through international network operators.
The document provides an overview of the Indian telecom industry and the trends driving growth. It discusses that wireless now accounts for over half of telephone subscribers in India, with strong growth expected to continue. The main wireless technologies used are GSM and CDMA. Factors fueling growth include more Indians embracing mobile technology, preferring wireless over fixed line, and the potential for value-added services beyond voice. The scope section outlines how location-based mobile services could enhance current offerings and benefit users through improved travel, shopping and other information access. Communication and telecom are important for business operations and connectivity.
Impact of developments in telecommunications on poverty in nigeriaAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examined the impact of developments in telecommunications on poverty reduction in Nigeria. Survey data from 12,000 households across 12 states in Nigeria was analyzed using probit models. The results suggest that access to mobile phones, the internet, and computers has significantly increased household income and reduced poverty levels. Mobile phone access was found to reduce the probability of being poor by 16.3%, while internet access reduced it by 14.9% and computer access by 15%. Developments in telecommunications were also found to have significantly increased the turnover of small businesses and employment opportunities, while improving access to health information and services. The study concludes that developments in Nigeria's telecommunications sector have made a significant positive contribution to poverty
The Impact of ICT Development on Poverty in NigeriaMoses Oduh
Developments in telecommunications in Nigeria, including liberalization and increased private investment, have led to significant growth and expansion of the telecom sector since 2001. A study examined the impact of this growth on poverty levels using data from a survey of 12,000 households across 12 Nigerian states. Regression and marginal impact analyses found that telecom developments generally had a positive impact on reducing poverty in Nigeria by increasing household income, small business activity, employment, and access to health services. However, poverty levels remain high in Nigeria, raising questions about whether access alone can improve well-being or if other constraints still limit the benefits for the poor.
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The document summarizes the growth of the Indian telecommunication industry. It discusses key metrics like India surpassing the US to become the second largest wireless network, achieving the world's lowest call rates and fastest growth in subscribers. It also outlines government initiatives to support growth, trends in rural connectivity, key players in mobile services, and investments being made to continue expansion. The telecom industry is expected to see further investments to support reaching 500 million subscribers by 2010.
REGULATION, COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE AFRICAN TELECOMMUNICAT...ijmpict
The telecommunications industry in Africa has exhibited tremendous development since the turn of the century. This study analyzes production efficiency changes in the African telecommunications industry in the period 2000 to 2009. Furthermore, an attempt is made to assess the determinants for such efficiency changes. The results show that the industry has improved its productivity levels. However, most of the productivity growth is resulted from technological advancement and less from technical efficiency. Additionally, market competition and increasing subscriptions have also positively affected the sector’s productivity. Hence, this study implies that African countries can further improve productivity in their telecommunications sector by improving on technical efficiencies, increase outputs especially the penetration of mobile telephony, and allow competition in the market with participation from international network operators
T-Mobile is planning to enter the Nigerian telecommunications market. The document provides an analysis of Nigeria's political, economic, social and technological environment and how it will impact T-Mobile. It also examines the competitive landscape, with MTN and Globacom being the main competitors. T-Mobile's marketing strategy includes targeting both corporate and individual customers with competitive mobile plans, phones and internet services. The goal is to attract 5 million customers within two years of launch and establish T-Mobile as the most loved brand in Nigeria.
T-Mobile is planning to enter the Nigerian telecommunications market. The document provides an analysis of Nigeria's political, economic, social and technological environment and how it impacts the telecom industry. It also examines T-Mobile's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. T-Mobile aims to attract 5 million customers in Nigeria within 2 years by offering competitive prices, high quality products and services, and developing new products tailored for the Nigerian market.
Current ICT Status - Economic, Social & Legal Aspects of The Internet in Nige...ChineduOkpaleke
The document summarizes the current status of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Nigeria. It finds that while mobile phone usage and internet access have grown rapidly in urban areas, ICT access remains limited in rural areas, contributing to a digital divide. It also notes that the government is working to develop policies and regulations to further grow the ICT sector, improve infrastructure, and encourage local computer manufacturing. However, challenges remain around expanding access to rural communities and developing adequate cybersecurity laws and protections.
The document discusses spectrum management challenges in Africa. It notes that Africa has experienced rapid growth in mobile connections and usage but has been allocated relatively little spectrum compared to other regions. The scarcity of allocated spectrum risks constraining further growth and innovation. Effective spectrum management is important for regulators to support socioeconomic development while ensuring fair competition. The document also examines spectrum management approaches in Nigeria and Kenya, finding issues such as lack of transparency and inefficient allocation methods.
The document summarizes mobile infrastructure, investments, and data traffic trends in Africa based on a report by Dr. Madanmohan Rao. Key points include:
- Mobile infrastructure in Africa is growing through investments in undersea cables and 3G networks by major operators like MTN and Airtel. This has led to declining broadband prices.
- Mobile data traffic in Africa is expected to experience exponential growth over the next few years, increasing 63-fold, as more people access the internet on smartphones and tablets.
- By 2015, there will be more people connected to mobile networks than with access to electricity in some regions, and over 5.6 billion mobile devices will be connected globally.
The document is a report from Tariff Consultancy Ltd that profiles the mobile markets in 34 emerging countries. It provides details on mobile operators, subscribers, penetration rates, and forecasts subscriber growth up to 2013 in each country. The key takeaways are that the 34 countries will more than double subscribers to 4.3 billion by 2013, with Afghanistan, Iraq, Cambodia and Indonesia seeing the largest growth rates, and China and India remaining the largest markets, though not the fastest growing. Mobile broadband and new pricing models like flat rates are major trends shaping these emerging markets.
The document discusses LTE networks in Africa. It notes that while LTE deployments in Africa are still in early stages, with only nine countries having commercial LTE networks as of 2013, LTE offers opportunities for mobile operators through improved network performance and new revenue streams. The document provides an overview of the telecommunications landscape in Africa, market trends, and strategies for LTE deployment.
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Marketing implications of call drops for the patronage of gsm services in nigeria
1. Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online)
Vol.3, No.8, 2013
82
Marketing Implications of Call Drops for the Patronage of GSM
Services in Nigeria
Agu, Godswill Agu 1*
Acha, Ikechukwu2
Anyanwu, Aham3
1. Department of Marketing, University of Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
2. Department of Banking And Finance, University of Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
3. Department of Marketing, Imo State University, Owerri Imo State, Nigeria
* E-mail of the corresponding author: talk2godsag@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study was conducted to unravel the marketing implications of call drops and the nature of customers’
patronage of GSM services in Imo and Abia States Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted using the
cross-sectional survey approach. Primary and Secondary data were extensively used while the questionnaire was
used in eliciting information from 384 respondents drawn from the customers of the ‘Big Three’ GSM operators
in Nigeria (MTN, GLO and Airtel) who reside in Imo and Abia States. The sample size was determined using
the percentage or proportional method. Collected data were analyzed using tables and percentages while
hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient and Chi Square. It was discovered
from the study that incessant call drops impact negatively on the level of loyalty, satisfaction and customer
patronage of GSM services. Also the quality of network services, billing rates, coverage, first-to float GSM
services and call completion rate influenced subscribers’ choice of GSM networks and that customers feel very
dissatisfied when calls drop repeatedly. The researchers recommended among others that the government
through its communication bodies should set an eagle eye on the activities of the network providers, and also
devise a means of monitoring the rates and service quality of the operators. Furthermore, base stations should be
deployed to the rural and suburban areas to forestall the frequency of call drop.
Keywords: Satisfaction, loyalty, service provider, GSM Brands, teledencity
1. Introduction
Perhaps, one of the most outstanding events a good number of Nigerians would not forget about the President
Olusegun Obasanjo led administration is the introduction of the Global System of Mobile Communications
(GSM) into the country in 2001. Prior to this time, ownership and even access to telephone was an exclusive
reserve of the few wealthy individuals in the country. According to National Communications Commission
(NCC) Bulletin of March, 2011, the number of telephone lines in Nigeria at independence in 1960 was 18,707
for a population of over 45 million people, and before 2001, a mere 450,000 for an estimated population of over
120m, and investment level in the sector was about $50m only. This gives a teledencity of 0.04% and 0.40%
respectively for the periods. Today, however, ownership of telephone lines (GSM) only as at July, 2011 has hit,
over 90m as against 70m in 2010, 38m in 2007 and the ridiculous 450,000 in 1999. Badamu (2012) noted that in
2012, Nigeria hit the 100m live phones mark. Teledencity has also improved from 0.40% in 2001 to 53% in 2010
and over 64% as at March 2012. Also, investment level had hit $18b in 2010.
The deregulation of the telecom sector previously dominated by NITEL, has ushered in many mobile phone and
landline service providers such as MTN, Glo, Airtel, Mtel, Etisalat. Industry watchers have revealed that the
Nigerian telecom sector has achieved a phenomenal growth in its one decade of existence being the fastest
growing telecom market in Africa and tenth in the world and also contributing 8.2% to the GDP of the country in
2010, a figure above the combined contributions of the banking (3%), manufacturing (4%) and minerals (0.40%)
sectors. However, while the service providers smile home each day to the banks, having made huge profits, the
same cannot be said of the 65% of Nigerians who currently own GSM lines.
The joy of the presence and ownership or GSM lines is being rocked by a monster known as Call Drop. The
researchers simply define Call Drops as initiated calls that suddenly disconnect. This element of poor telecom
service quality is still at a high side in the country having been estimated to be over 30% in 2007 and about 20%
as at present (Uduma, 2012). This is in sharp contrast with what obtains in China and India which are the first
and second countries with the highest number of GSM subscribers of 896m and 840m subscriber base
respectively in May, 2011. In Shangai China, the rate of call drop is 0.99% (Duncan, 2009). A service consumer
has the expectation of receiving quality service in a consistent manner. No matter what the cause may be, Call
Drops are deviations from customers’ expectations and which result in dissatisfaction.
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1.1 Statement of the Problem
Though tremendous progress has been witnessed in the Nigerian telecommunications sector, there are still
numerous challenges. One of such is the present poor quality of service being experienced in the network which
often times leads to call drops even when important and emergency calls are being made. The major contributor
to the poor quality of service challenges is network capacity constraint as the operating companies have not been
able to expand their network fast enough to meet the ever growing demand by subscribers. Also, major
deterioration in the public power supply situation, security challenges, theft, transmission cable cuts, delay in
securing approval for citing of new base stations, the near total collapse of NITEL long distance transmission
infrastructure which a number of service providers depend on for interstate links, frequent and unregulated sales
promotional offers leading to increased subscriber base without commensurate improvement in facilities have
contributed in aggravating the situation.
The question is ‘How do consumers react to this poor quality of service as evidenced in incessant dropped calls?’
Literature posits that poor quality service evidenced by dropped calls result in cognitive dissonance
(dissatisfaction) and that this should affect patronage, company’s image, competitive position, sales and
profitability of GSM services providers. This study is therefore undertaken to verify whether this position of
literature holds true for the GSM market in Nigeria.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
This Study Sought to:
1. Evaluate the effect of call drops on the patronage of GSM services providers.
2. Determine whether incessant call drops have any effect on the competitive position of GSM
services providers.
3. Assess the relationship between call drops and customer satisfaction and loyalty.
1.3 Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses, stated in the null form were tested in this study:
H01: Incessant call drops do not have any significant effect on customers’ patronage of GSM services
providers in Nigeria.
H02: Call drops have no significant impact on the competitive position of GSM services providers in Nigeria.
2. Theoretical Framework
Call drops on a cellular phone can be irritant as it happens at the most inopportune moment. As contained in
www.wikianswer.com, (2009), the globally accepted call drop rate is two percent (2%). Even in countries like
Singapore where the spectrum offered is much larger, there is a two percent drop in calls. Internationally,
network operators have been fighting this demon for many years. On the meaning of call drop,
www.forum.bandwidth.com, (2010) asserts that call drop occurs when an established call terminates early. Also,
www.wisegeek.com (2010) explains that call drop is a common term for a wireless mobile phone call that is
terminated because the network signal suddenly dropped. We can understand the characteristics of call drop as
follows:
(a) It occurs when calls have been initiated.
(b) It is a sudden occurrence as it takes both the caller and the receiver by sudden.
(c) An average mobile phone user gets dissatisfied at it.
(d) The cause may be attributed to the network providers, caller and or the receiver. In most cases,
however, the providers.
(e) Calls could be re-initiated if there is network coverage in the area, and if the receiver’s phone is not
switched off. In most cases, if the fault is from the network providers’ equipment, re-introduction of calls
becomes difficult.
(f) Finally, call drops can occur simultaneously to many callers in an area if it is a network problem.
2.1 Current Studies on Customer Dissatisfaction and Development of GSM Call Drop in Nigeria
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Ajala, (2009) observed that the rate at which GSM calls drop is determined by a number of factors. Call drops
were experienced in the areas that were distant from base stations in the early times of GSM introduction in
Nigeria. As the number of base stations mounted increased, there was a significant drop in the rate of call drops;
up to 37% reduction (i.e. 11% in 2003), (Yusuf, 2008). Today, with the upsurge in the number of subscribers to
each network and without commensurate infrastructure to carry the capacity, call drops have become the order of
the day t in the Nigerian GSM market. Isaac (2010) asserts that the industrial analyses of mobile
telecommunications firms reveal that MTN had 40% of the total GSM market. Airtel had 30.2%, GLO, 28.11%
Etisalat, 0.7% and Mtel, 0.45% as at 2008. As at July 2012, Badamu (2012) notes that MTN remains the market
leader with 42,898,581 active Lines giving the firm 43% of the total GSM Market. Globacom is the market
challenger having secured 20,846,604 active lines, giving the firm 21% of the total market. Airtel and Etisalat
are the active market followers with 18,600435 lines and 19% market share for Airtel and 11,927840 Lines or
12% market share for the 2008, entrant, Etisalat. The remaining 5% is shared among the other operators,
dormant followers, Mtel, the offspring of NITEL inclusive. With this manner of distribution in the market share
and coverage, firms with higher share (MTN, GLO, and Airtel) have more dropped calls than others. For
instance, in December, 2009, most suburban and rural areas experienced uncontrollable dropped calls with the
MTN that out of every ten calls made, not less than six calls dropped within the two weeks of Christmas
celebration. However, Oketola (2001) and CKN (2012) revealed that NCC has set 98% call completion rate for
all GSM operators in the country. This will leave the call drop rate at 2% when effectively implemented.
With the present increase in infrastructure , the use of Fibre optic cables, the distribution of base stations in the
ratio of 65%:45:15% for the urban, semi – urban and rural areas respectively, (Ndukwe, 2010) believes that call
drops will be drastically reduced in the Nigerian telecommunications industry.
In an effort to explain how consumers behave whenever cognitive dissonance or dissatisfaction is experienced,
authorities in the fields of marketing, sociology, psychology and Economics, have carried out studies. Prominent
among these studies are the propositions and theories developed by Zeelenberg and Pieters, (2002), Julil,
Thogerson and Carsten, (2006), Biodgett and Barkir (2006), Thota and Wright (2006), Bassi and Guido (2006)
and Swingrud and Whitlake, (1994).
According to Zeelenberg and Pieters (2002), dissatisfied customers may express their dissatisfaction
behaviourally. These behavioural responses may impact on a firm’s productivity. Two approaches were
developed on how to model the impact of emotion on satisfaction and subsequent customer behaviors. These are
the Valence – based approach and Emotion approach. Dissatisfaction and specific emotional disappointment and
regret were assessed and their influences on customer’s behavioral responses (complaining, switching, word – of
– mouth, customer inertia, etc) were examined using a sample of over 900 customers. It was found that emotions
have direct impact on purchases behaviour.
2.3 Causes of Call Drops
Call drops can occur due to so many reasons. According to www.wikianswer.com, (2009), call drops can happen
as a result of reason such as:
Non – homogeneous coverage
Capacity issues during peak hours
Insufficient frequency spectrum available to operators,
High-rise buildings in big cities
High concentration of signals on a particular spot
Underground or basement floors and light
Totally enclosed areas like operation theatres in hospitals
Black spots etc.
3. Research Methodology
The researchers adopted the survey research design utilizing the questionnaire and the interview guide. Primary
and secondary data were used while the percentage method was adopted in arriving at a sample size of 384
respondents. The test-re-test method of reliability was used, while the chi-square and the Spearman’s Rank Order
Correlation Co-efficient were used in testing the stated hypotheses.
4.Data Presentation and Analysis
Insert Table 1
From table 1, a total of 384 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to customers of MTN, GlO and Airtel.
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Out of 184 copies administered on MTN subscribers, a total of 166 copies were retrieved, while 165 copies
(47.14%) were found useable. Also, 100 copies were issued to Glo subscribes, while 94 (26.86%) were retrieved
and used. Again, a total of 100 copies were equally issued to Airtel subscribers, while 91 copies (26.00%) were
retrieved and found useable. Therefore, further analysis would be based on the 350 copies found useable. This
represents 91.15% of the 384 copies of the questionnaire administered.
Insert table 2
Table 2 shows that 431 (61.57%) respondents “strongly agreed” that incessant call drops affected customers
patronage of GSM firms, their level of satisfaction and loyalty. 176 (25.14%) simply “agreed” to the fact; 68
(9.71%) “disagreed” while 25 (3.58%) “strongly disagreed”. This therefore shows that incessant call drops
affect customer patronage, loyalty and satisfaction level since the number of responses on the agreement side,
607 (86.71%) are higher than the disagreement side, 93 (13.29%).
Insert table 3
In table 3 the various criteria for respondents rating of call drop on GSM firms’ performance indexes are
indicated. There were 2450 responses in all since each of the 350 respondents rated the impact based on the 7
identified performance indexes. The number of responses for ‘very high’ were 1706 (69.63%). 603 (24.61), 62
(2.53%), 56 (2.29%) and 23 (0.94) did not vote for “High”, neither “High nor Low”, “Low and Very low”
respectively. These responses indicate that call drops have significant impact on these indexes.
Insert table 4
Table 4 shows that 5 respondents (1.43%) disclosed that their level of patronage remained “very high” when call
drop rate was high. 24 (6.86%) said it was “High”, 105 (30.00%) indicated “Low” while 216 (61.71%) went for
‘very low’. Therefore, when call drop is high, patronage is low or decreased.
Test of Hypothesis One
Ho = Incessant call drops do not have any significant effect on customers’ patronage of GSM services
providers in Nigeria.
To Test this hypothesis, tables 2 and 4 were used.
Insert table 5
From the table ;
D2 = 20
N = 4
:. R = 1 – 6 (20) = -1
4 (42
-1)
To test for significance, the Z test was applied. The formula used was:
Z = r2
n -1 = 1.73
The alpha or level of significance adopted = 0.05. From tables, the p value corresponding to 1.73 is 0.04182.
Decision: Since the p (0.04182) value is less than alpha (0.05), and the value of R is (-1), showing a perfect
inverse correlation, we therefore Reject HO and Accept H1 that incessant call drops have significant (negative)
effect on customers’ patronage of GSM services providers in Nigeria.
Test of Hypothesis Two:
Ho = Call drops have no significant impact on the competitive position of GSM services providers in
Nigeria.
To test this hypothesis, table 3 (extract on competitive position) was used.
Insert table 6
At 0.05 level of significance and df (8), x2
value from tables = 15.51.
Decision: Since X2
cal of (105.89) is greater than x2
critical of (15.51), we therefore reject the null hypothesis
and accept the alternative hypothesis that call drops have significant impact on the competitive position of
GSM services providers in Nigeria.
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4.1 Summary of Major Findings
The following key findings were made in the course of this research study:
i. It was discovered that call drops have significant, negative effect on the level of customer patronage of
GSM services providers in Nigeria.
ii. It was also discovered that incessant call drops impact significantly on the sales, market share, competitive
position, image and profitability of GSM services providers as well as the loyalty and satisfaction level of
their customers. Hence, call drop has a significant inverse (negative) relationship with these factors.
iii. Out study equally showed that MTN has the highest call drop rate with about 52.12% respondents rating its
call drop rate very high, followed by Glo with 36.17% rating it very high and Airtel third with 28.57% rating it
very high.
Conclusion/Recommendations
i. The government, through its communication bodies (Ministry of Information and Communications,
NCC) as well as consumer bodies (NATCOM) should set an eagle eye on the activities of the operators
in the country. NCC should ensure that the providers observe strictly all the regulations guiding their
operations in the country, especially as regards customer satisfaction, service quality and call rates.
Sales promotional offers should be regulated too.
ii. Network providers should utilize the facility sharing opportunity approved by NCC in order to reduce
the cost of single-handling of an expensive expansion project. This will help the firms meet up with the
ever increasing challenge of increased demand for lines.
iii. GSM operators should periodically appraise their performance. This will help to know what percentage
of subscribers they gained, the percentage lost and to which firms their customers have switched to.
When the reasons for the deviation in performance are ascertained, efforts should be made to correct the
areas of mistake.
iv. NCC should monitor the rate of subscriber expansion of each network provider to ensure that they
do not get more subscribers than their facilities can carry. This will help the firms to improve
standards before increasing subscriber base.
v. To forestall the increasing rate of call drops in the rural areas during festive periods, more base stations
with reasonable heights should be deployed to these areas in order to ensure that even where there are
dead spots occasioned by tall trees, calls will not drop. For the rainy seasons, more research should be
made to develop equipment that will protect the existing facilities from water penetration.
The researchers concluded by noting that the emergence of GSM operators in Nigeria is a healthy development
both economically and socially. The GSM operators must, however, work towards the continuous improvement
of their network bases and facilities to guarantee improved market shares and customers’ satisfaction.
References
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Ndukwe Earnest, (2010), “NCC plans to implement number portability” Daily Independent, February 23, page II.
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Table 1: Distribution and Retrieval of Copies of Questionnaire
Network
Provider
No issued No Retrieved No Rejected No Used Parentage of
used
MTN 184 166 1 165 47.14
Airtel 100 91 - 91 26.00
GLOBACOM 100 94 - 94 26.86
TOTAL 384 351 1 350 100.00
Source: Survey Result, 2012.
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Table 2: Incessant Call Drops and whether they affect Customers’ Patronage, Loyalty and
Satisfaction Level
Option/
Variables
Customers’
patronage
Customers
loyalty/
Satisfaction
Cumulative Percentage
Strongly agree 164 267 431 6157
Agree 106 70 176 25.14
Neither Agree nor
Disagree
0 0 0 0
Disagree 55 13 68 9.71
Strong Disagree 25 0 25 3.58
Total 350 350 700 100.00
TABLE 3 Rating of the Impact of Call Drop on Firms’ Performance Indexes
Criteria Very
high
High Neither
high nor
low
Low Very
low
Total Mean
X
Remarks
Sales/Turnover 256 94 - - - 350 4.73 Very High
Market share 182 133 5 30 - 350 4.33 High
Competitive
position
204 122 20 4 - 350 4.49 High
Image of the
firm
300 50 - - - 350 4.86 Very High
Profitability 244 86 7 10 3 350 4.60 Very High
Customer
satisfaction
308 42 - - - 350 4.88 Very High
Customer loyalty 212 76 30 12 20 350 4.32 High
Grand Total 1706 603 62 56 23 2450
Source: Survey Result, 2012.
Table 4: Level of Customer Patronage when Call Drop is High
Option Frequency Percentage
Very High 5 1.43
High 24 6.86
Low 105 30.00
Very Low 216 61.71
Total 350 100.00
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Table 5 Spearman RHO for Rankings of Respondents’ Views on the Effect of Call Drop on
Customers Patronage.
Ranks Call drop x Customer
patronage Y
RX RY D=Rx-Ry D2
Very High 146 5 1 4 -3 9
High 119 24 2 3 -1 1
Low 60 105 3 2 1 1
Very low 25 216 4 1 3 9
Total 350 350 20
Number of ranks N =4
Table 6 Chi-Square Calculation of Table 4.3
Fo Fe Fo-Fe (Fo-Fe)2
(Fo-Fe)2
/Fe
108 108.99 -0.99 0.9843 0.0090
63 42.55 20.45 418.20 9.82
14 52.46 -38.46 1479.17 28.20
2 52.46 -38.46 1479.17 28.20
48 42.55 5.45 29.70 0.70
20 25.45 3.55 12.62 0.50
4 4.17 -0.17 0.029 0.01
1 0.83 0.17 0.03 0.03
60 52.46 7.54 56.87 10.8
40 31.37 8.63 74.46 2.37
2 5.14 3.14 9.87 1.92
1 1.03 0.03 0.0009 0.00
Total 350 X2
105.89
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