The telecom industry in India has experienced significant growth over the last decade, driven by factors such as increasing network coverage, declining tariffs due to competition, and the launch of new technologies. Key metrics that reflect this growth include rising subscriber numbers, which surpassed 897 million in 2013, and increased internet and broadband access. However, this growth has also come at environmental and financial costs. Moving forward, continued investment, expansion of rural connectivity, and policies promoting sustainability and local manufacturing are expected to further develop the telecom sector in India.

1. T
ELECOM
INDUSTRY
INDIA
IN

2. •
1.1
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Introduction
The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing in the world.
Government policies and regulatory framework implemented by Telecom Regulatory Authority
of India (TRAI) have provided a conducive environment for service providers. This has made
the sector more competitive, while enhancing the accessibility of telecommunication services at
affordable tariffs to the consumers. In the last two decades, the Indian Telecom Sector and
mobile telephony in particular has caught the imagination of India by revolutionizing the way
we communicate, share information; and through its staggering growth helped millions stay
connected. This growth, however, has and continues to be at the cost of the Climate, powered
by an unsustainable and inefficient model of energy generation and usage. Simultaneously, this
growth has also come at significant and growing loss to the state exchequer, raising
fundamental questions on the future business and operation model of the Telecom sector.
The telecom industry has witnessed significant growth in subscriber base over the last decade,
with increasing network coverage and a competition-induced decline in tariffs acting as catalysts
for the growth in subscriber base. The growth story and the potential have also served to attract
newer players in the industry, with the result that the intensity of competition has kept
increasing. The sector expected to witness up to US$ 56.3 billion investments and the market
will cross the US$ 101 billion mark in five years.
1.2
Current Scenario
The Indian telecom sector has witnessed tremendous growth over the past decade. Today, the
Indian telecom network is the second largest in the world after China. A liberal policy regime
and involvement of the private sector have played an important role in transforming this sector.
The total number of telephones as on 31st April 2013 was 897.02 million.
The telecom industry has witnessed significant growth in subscriber base over the last decade,
with increasing network coverage and a competition-induced decline in tariffs acting as catalysts
for the growth in subscriber base. The growth story and the potential have also served to attract
newer players in the industry, with the result that the intensity of competition has kept
increasing. Internet subscribers in India grew to 164.81 million as of March 31, 2013, with as
many as seven out of eight net users in the country accessing the services via their mobile
phones, according to telecom regulator TRAI. The total number of mobile internet subscribers
stood at 143.2 million at the end of the last fiscal.
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3. The number of broadband subscribers increased to 15.05 million as of March 31, 2013, from
14.98 million as of December 31, 2012. The number of non-mobile internet subscribers in the
quarter ended March 31, 2013, grew to 21.61 million from 21.57 million, registering a quarterly
growth rate of 0.16 per cent.
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4. Liberalization of the sector has not only led to rapid growth but also helped a great deal
towards maximization of consumer benefits, evident from a huge fall in tariffs. Telecom sector
has witnessed a continuous rising trend in the total number of telephone subscribers and hence
the teledensity. In simple terms, ‘Teledensity’ is the number of landline telephones in use for
every 100 individuals living within an area. A teledensity greater than 100 means there are more
telephones than people.
Third-world countries may have a teledensity of less than 10. Teledensity is also an important
indicator of telecom penetration in the country. Teledensity has decreased from 76.86 per cent
in December 2011 to 73.16 at the end of April, 2013. Teledensity varies across circles and there
is significant urban-rural divide.
While urban teledensity reached 139.33 per cent at the end of April 2013 and rural teledensity
was only 40.49 per cent. Subscription in the urban areas decreased from 548.80 million in
February, 2013 to 544.55 million at the end of April, 2013. Subscription in rural areas increased
from 349.22 million to 352.47 million during the same period. The monthly growth rate of
urban and rural subscription is -0.77% and
0.93% respectively. The overall urban
Teledensity has decreased from 146.96 to
145.58 and Rural Teledensity increased from
41.02 to 41.37. Total wireless subscriber base
decreased from 867.80 million in March
2013 to 867.02 million at the end of April
2013, registering a monthly growth of 0.09%. This decline is largely due to
disconnections by some of the service
providers. The share of urban wireless
subscribers has decreased from 60.53% to
60.11% where as share of rural wireless
subscribers has increased from 39.47% to
39.89%. The overall wireless Teledensity in
India has reached 70.71 from 70.85 of
previous month. Wireless subscription in urban areas decreased from 525.30 million in March
2013 to 521.18 million at the end of April 2013. The wireless subscription in rural areas
increased from 342.50 million to 345.85 million during the same period. The urban wireless
Teledensity has decreased from 140.67 to 139.33 and rural Teledensity has increased from 40.23
to 40.59.
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5. • GROWTH IN TELECOM
Growth Drivers
Key factors, which will fuel the growth of the sector include increased access to services owing
to launch of newer telecom technologies like 3G and BWA, better devices, changing consumer
behavior and the emergence of cloud technologies. A majority of the investments will go into
the capital expenditure for setting up newer networks like 3G and developing the backhaul,
among other things.
 Subscriber Base
The mobile subscriber base in India is estimated rise by 9 per cent to 696 million connections
this year, according to technology researcher Gartner. The mobile service penetration in the
country is currently at 51 per cent and is expected to grow to 72 per cent by 2016.
 Mobile Value Added Services (MVAS)
India's current MVAS industry has an estimated size of US$ 2.7 billion. The industry derives its
revenues majorly from the top five to six products such as game based applications, music
downloads, etc, which continue to form close to 80 per cent of VAS revenues. The Indian
MVAS industry estimated to grow to US$ 10.8 billion by 2015, with the next wave of growth in
subscriptions expected to come from semi-urban and rural areas.
 Mobile Number Portability (MNP)
Mobile Number Portability requests increased from 89.70 million subscribers at the end of
March 2013 to 91.73 million at the end of April 2013.

Handsets
The mobile handset market's revenues in India will grow from US$ 5.7 billion in 2010 to US$
7.8 billion in 2016, according to the study. India is the second largest mobile handset market in
the world and is set to become an even larger market with unit shipment of 208.4 million in
2016 at a CAGR of 11.8 per cent from 2010 to 2016.
The Indian mobile handset market posted revenue of Rs 359.46 billion in 2012-2013, compared
to Rs 313.30 billion in the earlier fiscal year on the back of increasing sale of smartphones. In
2012-2013, Karbonn grew 73.1 per cent, Samsung ended the year with revenue of Rs 113.28
billion compared to Rs 78.91 billion last year showing a growth of 43.6 per cent. The iconic
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6. Apple posted revenue of Rs 12.93 billion in FY 2013 in the country compared to Rs 2.50 billion
in the previous financial year
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7. • MARKET PLAYERS
Key Players
With new players coming in, the intensity of competition in the industry has increased, especially
over the last four years. The market share of telecom operators of the telecom companies reflects
the fragmented nature of the industry, with as many as 15 players. As of April 30, 2012, Bharti
telecom led the market with 19.94 per cent share, Reliance (16.58 per cent), Vodafone (16.41 per
cent), Idea (12.4 per cent), BSNL (10.51 per cent), Tata (8.77 per cent), Aircel (6.93 per cent), with
the remaining share being held by other smaller operators.
Telecom Operator wise Market Share
Bharti is far ahead with close 20% market share in India, Reliance (16.58%) and Vodafone (16.41)
are having a close battle. Reliance currently has 154 million subscribers as compared to 152.5 million
of Vodafone. Uninor, who is one of the late entrants in Indian Telecom market now has over 45
million subscribers and accounts for close to 5 percent of Indian mobile market share
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8. • GOVERNMENT POLICY
4.1
Government Initiative
The Cabinet has given its approval to National telecom Policy (NTP) 2012. The policy directs
new initiatives, which includes free roaming, unrestricted Net telephony and a new unified
licensing regime for operators. The policy also endorses a boost to broadband expansion and
an increase in local manufacturing of telecom equipment.
The National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB), the
Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, Technopark and
MobME Wireless have joined hands to set up the Startup Village - Indian Telecom Innovation
Hub in Kerala. The country's first Public Private Partnership (PPP) telecom business incubator
is a step to support new product initiatives and turn them into successful ventures.
TRAI is also doing its bit to achieve the aim of carbon emission reduction under which
operators are directed to achieve carbon reduction to the extent of 5 per cent by 2012-13, 12
per cent by 2016-17 and 17 per cent by 2018-19. Concerning these norms under 'Green
Telephony', TRAI has further mandated for all the operators that at least 50 per cent of all rural
towers and 20 per cent of all urban towers are to be powered by hybrid power by 2015.
4.2
FDI Policy in Telecom
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in telecom sector (including radio paging, cellular mobile, and
basic telephone services) during April-March 2011-12 stood at US$ 1,997 million, as per the
Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP) data.
Total telephone subscriber base in the country reached 952.91 million at the end of April 2012
from 951.34 million at the end of March 2012.
Total Wireless subscriber base increased from 919.17 million in March 2012 to 921.02 million
at the end of April 2012. Wireline subscription stood at 31.89 million at the end of April 2012.
Overall tele-density has reached 78.71.
Total Broadband subscriber base has increased from 13.79 million at the end of March 2012 to
13.95 million at the end of April 2012, there by showing a monthly growth of 1.13 per cent.
4.3
Investment Policy
Foreign direct investment limit in telecom services is 74 per cent subject to the following
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9. conditions:
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10.  This is applicable in case of Basic, Cellular, Unified Access Services, National/ International
Long Distance, V-Sat, Public Mobile Radio Trunked Services (PMRTS), Global Mobile
Personal Communications Services (GMPCS) and other value added Services
 Both direct and indirect foreign investment in the licensee company shall be counted for FDI
ceiling. Foreign Investment shall include investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs),
Non-resident Indians (NRIs), Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs), American
Depository Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) and convertible preference
shares held by foreign entity. In any case, the 'Indian' shareholding will not be less than 26 per
cent.
 FDI up to 49 per cent is on the automatic route and beyond that on the government route.
 FDI in the licensee company/Indian promoters/investment companies including their holding
companies shall require approval of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) if it has a
bearing on the overall ceiling of 74 per cent. While approving the investment proposals, FIPB
shall take note that investment is not coming from countries of concern and/or unfriendly
entities.
 The investment approval by FIPB shall envisage the conditionality that the Company would
adhere to licence Agreement.
 FDI shall be subject to laws of India and not the laws of the foreign country/countries.
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