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MAPEH 7 QUARTER 1
This document provides an overview of the traditional arts and crafts of various regions in Luzon, Philippines. It describes the textiles, architecture, pottery, basketry, woodcarving, metalworking and other crafts of areas like Ilocos, Cordillera, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Calabarzon and Bicol. Specific examples highlighted include the Vigan architecture in Ilocos, Kalinga textiles, Ifugao sculptures, Abra textiles, Bulacan pastillas wrappers and Laguna woodcarving. The document aims to teach students about the diverse cultural expressions and traditions found across Luzon.
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MAPEH 7 QUARTER 1
- 1. Arts 7 QUARTER1: ARTS AND CRAFTS OF LUZON (HIGHLANDS AND LOWLANDS) By: Cherry Joy Thiam-Bodikey
- 2. Lesson 1: ARTSAND CRAFTS OF THE ILOCOS REGION AND THE CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR)
- 3. ILOCOS REGION CORDILLERAADMINISTRATIVE REGION ILOCOS SUR (Vigan) PANGASINAN (San Carlos) KALINGA IFUGAO MOUNTAIN PROVINCE ( Bontoc) BENGUET (Timbak, Kabayan) ABRA
- 5. ILOCOS REGION Architecture Vigan– “Intramuros of the North”, retains the Spanish colonial architecture along its narrow and cobble-stoned streets known as Calle Crisologo.
- 6. ILOCOS REGION Architecture Theseold Spanish-type houses have huge, high- pitched roofs, large and rectangular living rooms that are made of adobe, bricks, lime, terracotta, hardwood floors, and windows of capiz shells framed in wooden window panels.
- 7. VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR– CALLE CRISOLOGO
- 8. ILOCOS REGION Textile Inabel– a hand weaving technique of the Ilocanos that is produced using traditional wooden looms.
- 9. ILOCOS REGION Textile Thedifferent designs represent different meanings: the dizzying “binakol” weave represents the waves of the sea.
- 10.
- 11. BURNAY – anunglazed earthen jar with small opening used for storage for water and rice grains and as container or salt, brown sugar, basi (local wine), and bagoong (fermented fish). ILOCOS REGION Pottery
- 12. Designs are simple.Sometimes curved patterns can be found around the shoulders of the jar.
- 14. PANGASINAN (San Carlos) Weaving Bolinaomats – smoothly woven mats made from buri or raffia leaves. Baskets and furniture made from bamboo.
- 15. Lesson 1: CORDILLERAADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR)
- 17. THE CORDILLERAADMINISTRATIVE REGION(CAR) KALINGA textile Kalinga textiles characterized by dominant red stripes and motif of geometric patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced with white, yellow, and black fibers.
- 18. Kalinga Textile :Characterized by red stripes and white, yellow, and black geometrical patterns.
- 19. The colors oftheir textile have cultural meanings: red (bravery), Black (the soil or land), white (flowers of the coffee trees, Yellow (sand) and green (mountains). GILAMAT design
- 20.
- 21.
- 22. KAIN – The southernKalinga women wear this wrap-around skirt or tapis which reaches below the knee, worn below the abdomen and when they walk, one of the thighs is exposed.
- 23.
- 24. KALINGA BASKETRY Rice orvegetable basket This coil basket is perfectly symmetrical has nice warm patina. The coil weaving technique, materials (finely split rattan and nito vine), and design are consistent with baskets made by the Kalinga tribe
- 25. KALINGA LABBA VEGETABLEBURDEN BASKET USED FOR CARRYING VEGETABLES ON THE HEAD.
- 26. KALINGA TATTOOING Considered asclothing and decoration because it usually covers the chest and the arms. It signifies a rite of passage from youth to adulthood, a mark of heroism, and bravery and one’s status in the community.
- 28. Apo Whang-Od is thelast “mambabatok” or traditional Kalinga tattoo artist.
- 29. She uses amixture of charcoal and water that is tapped onto the sin through a thorn end.
- 33. On a shortcoupon bond, draw a tattoo design. Incorporate in your own art work/creation the Kalinga inspired Tattoo designs.
- 35.
- 36. BUL’ UL a woodensculpture that represents the rice granary spirits.
- 37. It is usedin rituals that are performed to call the ancestors to protect their rice fields from pestilence and to as for an abundant harvest BUL-UL
- 38. A carved-wooden humanfigure with simplified forms. These are dipped in the blood of pigs during a ritual called TUNOD which means “planting the seedlings in the soil”.
- 39. IFUGAO LINGLING-O / DINUMUG fertilitysymbols worn around the neck
- 41. BONTOC, MOUNTAIN PROVINCETEXTILE It is characterized by the designs or patterns like the eye, man, lizard, star, variation, snake, butterfly, shield, and flower (woven and embroidered into the garment).
- 43. BONTOC, MOUNTAIN PROVINCETextile – a "lufid ay sinangadam", or one of ten types of rectangular wrap skirts worn during official or religious events.
- 44. Wanes – Bontocmen’s traditional attire
- 46. Tattooing/mummification – the mummiesfound in Kabayan reveal that they have body tattoos similar to the patterns found in their textiles. BENGUET Tattoo
- 49. The Tingguians arenoted for their white textiles with horizontal stripes found in the edges (like those in the bankudo or wrap-around skirt) or vertical stripes in the center (like those found in the balwasi or female blouse). ABRA textile
- 50. Embroidered and woven bythe Tingguians of Abra. The design features the "kuku", the diligent farmer, the "palay" or rice plant and the frog which is their symbol for abundance and fertility. ABRA textile
- 51.
- 52. Lesson 2: ARTSAND CRAFTS OF CAGAYAN VALLEY AND CENTRAL LUZON
- 56. BATANES Architecture Their houseshave unique architectural forms made up of limestone walls, reeds, and cogon roofs. The design and materials are chosen because they are strong enough to withstand the numerous typhoons and earthquakes that hit the group of islands because of its geographic location. The Ivatan Houses are made primarily of a metre- thick lime stone, coral walls and cogon grass roofs. It has a significantly lower ceilings (around 1.60-2.00 meters high only) and smaller door and window openings to keep the interiors warm.
- 58. Vakul – ahead gear used by the Ivatan women to protect them from the heat of the sun and the rains.
- 59.
- 60. Soot – arain cape made from fronds that covers the upper part of the body down from the neck worn by Ivatan men.
- 61. This special clothingis made up of woven fibers of the vuyavuy palm – a plant similar to coconut.
- 63. ISABELA Architecture Tumauini Church– a Roman Catholic Parish Church of San Matias Apostol. Baroque style church built in 1873 found in the municipality of Tumauini, Isabela.
- 64. Made from red bricksornamented with carvings of flowers, leaves, scallops, saints, religious symbols, and other fanciful motifs.
- 65. The unique cylindricalbelfry of the church looks like a huge wedding cake because of its design motifs like laces, hearts, and bead
- 67. NUEVA VIZCAYA Textile Bakwat– a belt used by Gaddang mothers after giving birth. This cloth is usually adorned on the central portion with white beads as accents embellished in patterns that represent rivers and mountains.
- 69. BULACAN Pastillas Wrapper Pastillaswrapper – a paper cutting craft wherein the women in Bulacan cut intricately-designed patterns to be used as wrappers for the pastillas de leche.
- 70. Designs are different linear, curvilinear,and geometric that depict local floras and scenes of everyday rural life. BULACAN Pastillas Wrapper
- 73. Singkaban – thelocal term for bamboo arches designed with kayas or woodshaving. BULACAN BAMBOO CRAFT
- 75. These are used asdecorative arches that adorn the entrance of a barangay or town during fiestas and other grand celebrations. BULACAN - SINGKABAN
- 77. BULACAN Goldsmithing Craftsmen fashiontrinkets from precious metals such as gold and silver, and precious and semi- preciouss stones, pearls and diamonds. Designs (antique jewelry) are completely done by hand because these cannot be done by machines.
- 80.
- 90. ZAMBALES Architecture Olongapo, ZAMBALES SpanishGate – one of the historic landmarks located in Olongapo, Zambales. Built in 1885. It has high walls made from locally- quarried stone connected to the south gate that faced the waterfront.
- 91. Masinloc, ZAMBALES The SanAndres Apostol Parish Church – known for the use of coral stones instead of adobe.
- 92. The front churchis divided into triangular pediment, two horizontal sections and three vertical ones. The left portion is extended to form the bell tower. - the lowest level contains niches for saints. The second level as rectangular windows and curve niches of the patron saints. - carvings of a medallion and other geometric shapes can be found on the pediment. - the belfry is composed of circular columns topped by a lantern and a cross. Masinloc, ZAMBALES
- 94. Gapan City, NUEVAECIJA The Parish of the Three Kings – a Roman Catholic Church built in 1800’s. It has huge side doorways, two standing images of their patron saints on both sides of the doorways, and a mural of the Holy Trinity on the ceiling, all of which are characteristics of a western architecture.
- 96. Abucay, BATAAN Abucay Church orthe Saint Dominic De Guzman Parish Church – established in 1587 and administered in 1588 by the Dominicans. A Renaissance Architecture because of its vertically single- or doubled-divided columns, and triangular pediments. It has a five- layer bell tower ornamented with semicircular arched windows.
- 97. LESSON 3: THEARTS AND CRAFTS OF CALABARZON AND BICOL REGION
- 99. Laguna is a provincewith lakes and mountains rich in natural resources and fertile soil for farming. Trees are abundant in this province, which inspire woodcarving artists. . LAGUNA Carving
- 100. Paete – one ofthe towns in Laguna famous for its woodcarving. Considered as the “ Woodcarving Capital of the Philippines”.
- 101. UKIT – localterm for carving. Paete carvers usually produce wooden religious images and wood panels with decorative floral patterns and florid geometric designs
- 102. RIZAL PROVINCE PapierMaché Angono in Rizal Province is considered as the Art Capital of the Philippines because of the town’s rich artistic expressions that include music, painting, sculptures and folk arts. HIGANTES – are big papier maché figures of humans that represent farmers and fishermen.
- 105. TAAL, BATANGAS Textile Famous forproducing embroidered piña fabric, made from the fibers of pineapple and woven into a costly fabric (Piña barong, wedding gowns and other formal attires)
- 107. Burda – calledcalado, a painstakingly made by three groups of people - designer, the embroiderer, and the cutter. -Most common motifs for their embroidery are leaves and flowers, which enhance the fine, smooth, and delicate qualities of the textile. TAAL, BATANGAS
- 108. Metal works Balisong –also known as a butterfly knife. Its name is derived from “bali” (broken) and “sungay”(horn). This is a type of knife that can be folded closed like a fan and comes in different sizes. BATANGAS
- 111. QUEZON The townof Lucban is famous for their Pahiyas Festival celebrated on the 15th of May to honor San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of farmers.
- 112. KIPING – colorful thinrice wafers made from ground glutinous rice that is thinly coated on mature leaves and steamed over low fire. Once it is dry they cut them and use the products to decorate their houses during the festival. QUEZON
- 113.
- 114. Abundant of abacaand raffia fibers which they use as materials in their arts and crafts like baskets, bags, slippers, coin purses, and other crafts made from these materials BICOL REGION
- 117.
- 118. Using a clay,recreate the Ifugao Bul’ul.
- 123. Three pictures withcaption Caption
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Editor's Notes
- #3 NOTE: To change images on this slide, select a picture and delete it. Then click the Insert Picture icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.
- #9 Textile Inabel – a hand weaving technique of the Ilocanos that is produced using traditional wooden looms.
- #10 The designs are inspired by natural elements: patterns that depict different landforms, the colors of flowers and vegetation, plaid, zigzags, animal patterns, the ocean waves, or glittering night sky. Binakul can be easily recognized by its uniform, interlocked geometric patterns that result in psychedelic optical art designs, which are said to represent the waves of the sea and, among indigenous peoples of the Cordilleras, protection against malevolent spirits.
- #11 The weaving tradition dates back several centuries and is an intrinsic part of the Filipino culture. However, with the rise of industrialization, the world has shifted dramatically towards factory-produced goods, with prices dropping as quantities rise. As we continue to move in this direction, the number of weavers and pocket communities that uphold the tradition of weaving get smaller and smaller and consequently, more women are losing their source of livelihood. As it stands, there are less than 10 master weavers left in the country. Given the nature of handcrafted goods, the weavers of the Philippines cannot produce items at the speed and price of mass market goods. Artisanal products, however, are not meant to replace factory goods, but to enhance them; to co-exist in the present as our link to the past. We designed a collection around the inabel fabric in an effort to: keep the tradition of weaving alive help support the livelihood of women from Ilocos marry traditional techniques with modern products create something that we could fall in love with: artisanal products that have both form and function and are truly one of a kind
- #12 Pottery Burnay – an unglazed earthen jar with small opening used for storage for water and rice grains and as container or salt, brown sugar, basi(local wine), and bagoong (fermented fish). -potters mix fine gravel, sand and ashes and fire the clay to make the burnay heavy and sturdy. -designs are simple. Sometimes curved patterns can be found around the shoulders of the jar.
- #15 Bolinao mats – smoothly woven mats made from buri or raffia leaves. Baskets and furniture made from bamboo.
- #16 NOTE: To change images on this slide, select a picture and delete it. Then click the Insert Picture icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.
- #18 The people of Kalinga are great weavers. Their cloth and basketry are among the finest products in the region. Kalinga textiles characterized by dominant red stripes and motif of geometric patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced with white, yellow, and black fibers.
- #22 KAIN – The southern Kalinga women wear this wrap-around skirt or tapis which reaches below the knee, worn below the abdomen and when they walk, one of the thighs is exposed. This skirt is usually worn by wealthy women at festive occasions. It is made up of three panels joined together by embroidered frieze patterns. The skirt is also framed with embroidery at the ends. SAYA – The northern Kalinga wears this ordinary woman’s skirt covering the body from waist to feet.
- #23 KAIN – The southern Kalinga women wear this wrap-around skirt or tapis which reaches below the knee, worn below the abdomen and when they walk, one of the thighs is exposed. This skirt is usually worn by wealthy women at festive occasions. It is made up of three panels joined together by embroidered frieze patterns. The skirt is also framed with embroidery at the ends.
- #24 SAYA – The northern Kalinga wears this ordinary woman’s skirt covering the body from waist to feet.
- #25 Large 19th century rice or vegetable basket made by the mountain people from northern Luzon, the largest island in the Philippine archipelago. This coil basket is perfectly symmetrical has nice warm patina. The coil weaving technique, materials (finely split rattan and nito vine), and design are consistent with baskets made by the Kalinga tribe. The basket measures about 25" high and 20" diameter. Date circa 1880.
- #26 VINTAGE PHILIPPINE TRIBAL KALINGA LABBA VEGETABLE BURDEN BASKET 12” PHILIPPINES LUZON CORDILLERA TRIBE LABBA VEGETABLE BASKET PLAITED BAMBOO 12" DIAMETER 5" HIGH, STURDY WOOD BASE, LIGHT WEIGHT, USED FOR CARRYING VEGETABLES ON THE HEAD. PLAITED CONSTRUCTION BAMBOO THE NATIVE KALINGA WOMEN CARRY THEIR BURDEN BASKETS ON THEIR HEADS . THE CONSTRUCTION APPEARS TO BE BASED ON AN ILOCANO STYLE OF BASKETRY. THIS TIGHTLY PLAITED BASKET WAS PURCHASED IN THE 1960'S AND IS IN PERFECT CONDITION.
- #27 Tattooing Considered as clothing and decoration because it usually covers the chest and the arms. It signifies a rite of passage from youth to adulthood, a mar of heroism, and bravery and one’s status in the community. Designs consists of geometric patterns and lines.
- #28 WANG-OD is the last “mambabatok” or traditional Kalinga tattoo artist. She uses a mixture of charcoal and water that is tapped onto the sin through a thorn end.
- #36 Bul’ul – a wooden sculpture that represents the rice granary spirits. It is used in rituals that are performed to call the ancestors to protect their rice fields from pestilence and to as for an abundant harvest. A carved-wooden human figure with simplified forms. These are dipped in the blood of pigs during a ritual called TUNOD which means “planting the seedlings in the soil”. Usually made of narra signifying wealth, happiness and well-being to the Ifugao.
- #37 Bul’ul –A carved-wooden human figure with simplified forms. These are dipped in the blood of pigs during a ritual called TUNOD which means “planting the seedlings in the soil”. Usually made of narra signifying wealth, happiness and well-being to the Ifugao. Lingling-o or dinumug - fertility symbols worn around the neck – amulets of the Ifugaos which are made from Jade, gold, copper, bronze, stone and other materials.
- #39 Usually made of narra signifying wealth, happiness and well-being to the Ifugao.
- #40 Lingling-o or dinumug - fertility symbols worn around the neck – amulets of the Ifugaos which are made from Jade, gold, copper, bronze, stone and other materials.
- #42 MOUNTAIN PROVINCE Textile It is characterized by the designs or patterns like the eye, man, lizard, star, variation, snake, butterfly, shield, and flower (woven and embroidered into the garment). Tattooing/mummification – the mummies found in Kabayan reveal that they have body tattoos similar to the patterns found in their textiles. Kadangyan – burial cloth woven by female elders. Wanes – Bontoc men’s traditional attire Lufid – Bontoc women wear this short and narrow wrap-around skirt which extends from the navel to the knees, and has a side opening. Bontoc motifs include geometric shapes of humans, lizards, mountains, rains, and flowers, and other forms of plants, animals, and landforms found in their everyday surroundings. Ginaspalawanes – a type of belt that are worn by married women of Bontoc and Kankanay in the Northern Cordillera. These belt is adorned with designs composed of continuous zigzag patterns woven in double faced with braided warps that end as tassels. IKAT – a weaving method used by the natives of Bontoc to create their textile patterns. It is a process of tying and dyeing the threads to prepare the patterns before they are woven into the textile.
- #44 Here's an outfit from the Bontoc Mountain Province – a "lufid ay sinangadam", or one of ten types of rectangular wrap skirts worn during official or religious events.
- #47 Tattooing/mummification – the mummies found in Kabayan reveal that they have body tattoos similar to the patterns found in their textiles. Tattoos on back of mummy mummies in the Philippines. There are a multitude of caves in the Kabayan area, which is located in the Benguet Province, in the Northern Philippines. Within a great deal of these caves, many mummies have been found. Dating has been inconclusive as some are dated to 1200 ce, and others being thought to date back as far as 2000 bce. Consisting of mainly chiefs and other "VIPs" and families.
- #51 ABRA Textile The Tingguians are noted for their white textiles with horizontal stripes found in the edges (like those in the bankudo or wrap-around skirt) or vertical stripes in the center (like those found in the balwasi or female blouse).
- #56 The island of Batanes is hit by typhoons about 8 times a year on average. The Ivatan houses are made of compact limestone walls and thick cogon roofs to withstand the strong winds and heavy rains. The Ivatan Houses are made primarily of a metre-thick lime stone, coral walls and cogon grass roofs. It has a significantly lower ceilings (around 1.60-2.00 meters high only) and smaller door and window openings to keep the interiors warm.
- #57 BATANES Architecture Their houses have unique architectural forms made up of limestone walls, reeds, and cogon roofs. The design and materials are chosen because they are strong enough to withstand the numerous typhoons and earthquakes that hit the group of islands because of its geographic location.
- #59 Weaving Vakul – a head gear used by the Ivatan women to protect them from the heat of the sun and the rains. Soot – a rain cape made from fronds that covers the upper part of the body down from the neck worn by Ivatan men. This special clothing is made up of woven fibers of the vuyavuy palm – a plant similar to coconut.
- #61 Soot – a rain cape made from fronds that covers the upper part of the body down from the neck worn by Ivatan men.
- #64 ISABELA Architecture Tumauini Church – a Roman Catholic Parish Church of San Matias Apostol. Baroque style church built in 1873 found in the municipality of Tumauini, Isabela. Made from red bricks ornamented with carvings of flowers, leaves, scallops, saints, religious symbols, and other fanciful motifs. The unique cylindrical belfry of the church looks like a huge wedding cake because of its design motifs like laces, hearts, and beads.
- #65 The unique cylindrical belfry of the church looks like a huge wedding cake because of its design motifs like laces, hearts, and bead
- #68 NUEVA VIZCAYA Textile Bakwat – a belt used by Gaddang mothers after giving birth. This cloth is usually adorned on the central portion with white beads as accents embellished in patterns that represent rivers and mountains.
- #70 CENTRAL LUZON BULACAN Bulacan arts and crafts include the singkaban, pastillas wrapper, fire crackers, and goldsmithing in Meycauayan. Paper cutting Pastillas wrapper – a paper cutting craft wherein the women in Bulacan cut intricately-designed patterns to be used as wrappers for the pastillas de leche. Designs are different linear, curvilinear, and geometric that depict local floras and scenes of everyday rural life.
- #74 Bamboo craft Singkaban – the local term for bamboo arches designed with kayas or woodshaving. These are used as decorative arches that adorn the entrance of a barangay or town during fiestas and other grand celebrations.
- #78 Goldsmithing Craftsmen fashion trinkets from precious metals such as gold and silver, and precious and semi-preciouss stones, pearls and diamonds. Designs (antique jewelry) are completely done by hand because these cannot be done by machines.
- #81 PAMPANGA Known for its giant lanterns or parol. Its special features is its dancing lights in several shapes, and colors that form intricate geometric patterns. The patterns change with the rotation of a special rotor that control the lights inside the parol. The parols are used to adorn houses, streets and buildings, not only in Pampanga but all over the Philippines during the Christmas season. These are created from steel frames and other locally available materials.
- #85 The filaments (contact points) of the rotor.
- #86 The rotor, which acts as a light sequencer, is regarded as the “brain” of San Fernando's giant lanterns.
- #91 ZAMBALES, NUEVA ECIJA, AND BATAAN Architecture Olongapo, ZAMBALES Spanish Gate – one of the historic landmarks located in Olongapo, Zambales. Built in 1885. It has high walls made from locally-quarried stone connected to the south gate that faced the waterfront.
- #92 Masinloc, ZAMBALES The San Andres Apostol Parish Church – known for the use of coral stones instead of adobe. It was founded by the Augustinian Recollects in 1607. -the front church is divided into triangular pediment, two horizontal sections and three vertical ones. The left portion is extended to form the bell tower. - the lowest level contains niches for saints. The second level as rectangular windows and curve niches of the patron saints. - carvings of a medallion and other geometric shapes can be found on the pediment. - the belfry is composed of circular columns topped by a lantern and a cross.
- #95 Gapan City, NUEVA ECIJA The Parish of the Three Kings – a Roman Catholic Church built in 1800’s. It has huge side doorways, two standing images of their patron saints on both sides of the doorways, and a mural of the Holy Trinity on the ceiling, all of which are characteristics of a western architecture.
- #100 Paete – one of the towns in Laguna famous for its woodcarving. Considered as the “ Woodcarving Capital of the Philippines”. UKIT – local term for carving. Paete carvers usually produce wooden religious images and wood panels with decorative floral patterns and florid geometric designs
- #103 RIZAL PROVINCE Papier Maché Angono in Rizal Province is considered as the Art Capital of the Philippines because of the town’s rich artistic expressions that include music, painting, sculptures and folk arts. HIGANTES – are big papier maché figures of humans that represent farmers and fishermen.
- #106 TAAL, BATANGAS Batangas is considered as the Balisong Capital of the Philippines. Textile Famous for producing embroidered piña fabric, made from the fibers of pineapple and woven into a costly fabric (Piña barong, wedding gowns and other formal attires) Burda – called calado, a painstakingly made by three groups of people - designer, the embroiderer, and the cutter. -Most common motifs for their embroidery are leaves and flowers, which enhance the fine, smooth, and delicate qualities of the textile. Metal works Balisong – also known as a butterfly knife. Its name is derived from “bali” (broken) and “sungay”(horn). This is a type of knife that can be folded closed like a fan and comes in different sizes.
- #112 QUEZON The town of Lucban is famous for their Pahiyas Festival celebrated on the 15th of May to honor San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of farmers. KIPING – colorful thin rice wafers made from ground glutinous rice that is thinly coated on mature leaves and steamed over low fire. Once it is dry they cut them and use the products to decorate their houses during the festival.
- #114 BICOL REGION Abundant of abaca and raffia fibers which they use as materials in their arts and crafts like baskets, bags, slippers, coin purses, and other crafts made from these materials. Their motifs are simple yet very colorful when compared to those of the Northern Luzon cultural communities.
- #115 BICOL REGION Abundant of abaca and raffia fibers which they use as materials in their arts and crafts like baskets, bags, slippers, coin purses, and other crafts made from these materials. Their motifs are simple yet very colorful when compared to those of the Northern Luzon cultural communities.
- #124 NOTE: To change images on this slide, select a picture and delete it. Then click the Insert Picture icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.
- #125 NOTE: To change images on this slide, select a picture and delete it. Then click the Insert Picture icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.
- #129 Matmata and Tiktiko Motifs The matmata and tiktiko commonly appear in Northern Luzon blankets. The designs suggest reverence and abundance. The tiktiko usually represent rice mortars while the matmata represent rice grains as a sign of abundance and plenty. Sometimes the eyes of ancestors who are given utmost respect are also represented by the matmata.