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Recent Advances in Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease
- 1. RECENT ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE Pervaiz Dar, PhD SMS-Animal Sciences, KVK Srinagar
- 2. Talk Outline •Introduction to FMD •Diagnostic Window •Clinical Diagnosis •Laboratory Diagnostics •Pen-side diagnostics •LAMP Assay •DIVA tests •Conclusion
- 3. FMD
- 4. Why FMD is so important? • Morbidity and mortality. • Production losses— milk yield, fertility, growth rate, and traction power. • TRADE EMBARGO—Loss of access to lucrative livestock and livestock product export markets. • COST OF DISEASE CONTROL including movement restrictions, market closures, vaccination costs and culling. • Control measures may impact on other industries including tourism Indirect • The 2001 FMD outbreak in the United Kingdom affected approximately 10 million animals and costed around $14 billion dollar • A 2013 study from Pirbright Institute estimated the annual cost of FMD in terms of visible production losses and vaccination in endemic regions alone to amount to between $6.5 -21 billion. Direct Economic Consequences is the primary driver of FMD control globally
- 6. FMD Scenario in India • India has 512 million susceptible population of animal Cattle (109.9 millions) Buffaloes(108.7 millions) Sheep (65 millions) Goat (135 millions) Pigs (10.3 millions) On an average 5 00 outbreaks of has been reported which account for the estimated direct cost of > 20,000 crores (4.45 billion USD) and the indirect cost are much more
- 9. Differential Diagnosis Sheep/Goat -Bluetongue, Peste des petits ruminants,Contagious ecthyma (parapoxvirus), Footrot Cattle-BVD/mucosal disease, Bovine papular stomatitis, Bovine ulcerative mammilitis, Pseudocowpox, Malignant catarrhal fever, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- 11. Major considération for laboratory assay
- 13. FMDV genome detection and sequencing
- 14. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes, Topotypes and Lineages https://www.foot-and-mouth.org/FMDV- nomenclature-working- group/nomenclature#panel-6272 The isolates from different states could be placed in three major lineages designated ‘Ind2001’ and Pan Asia. Within parent Pan Asia lineage, a divergent Pan Asia II sub- lineage emerged in 2003
- 15. Global Pools Of FMDV Seven ‘regional pools’ (Pool 1-Eastern Asia; Pool 2-Southern Asia; Pool 3-Euro- Asia; Pool 4-Eastern Africa; Pool 5-Western Africa; Pool 6-Southern Africa; Pool 7-South America) in which genetically and antigenically distinctive virus strains tend to occur within a defined region.
- 16. FMDV Antibody Detection 1) ELISA 2)VNT 4-6hrs 3-4 days
- 17. Pen-side diagnostics 1) Lateral flow device 2) Infra-red thermography Faster, simpler, safer, more reliable, better validated 5-10 min Instant and preclinical
- 18. Pen-side diagnostics 3) Non-invasive sampling 4)Portable PCR platforms Integrated with FMDV detector 11.3 Log10 FMDV copies detected by rRT-PCR after 5 minute collection near animals infected with FMDV(Ryan et al., 2007)
- 19. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) Lab on card (LOC) device 15-30 min
- 20. Principle of LAMP 1)Bst DNA Polymerase—stand displacement activity 2)4-6 primers 3) Single temperature—65 0C
- 22. Conclusions • There is a huge diagnostic gap in our scenario • Very little is known about the FMDV stains/lineages/genotypes prevalent in livestock of Kashmir • We need to increase use of molecular diagnostic for identifying serotypes and incidents of new infection in our epidemiological situations • Diagnostics support is also needed in relation to • vaccine selection • predicting and monitoring vaccine efficacy • Identifying carrier animals
- 23. Thank you
- 24. Questions?