2. WHAT IS MANUAL HANDLING ?
Manual Handling is the transporting or supporting of a load
by one or more people and includes
And which by means of its characteristics or of unfavourable
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ergonomic conditions, involves risk, particularly of back
2
3. Manual Handling-
a Life Tool
Why Manual Handling
courses?
Legislation
The skeleton
How injuries occur
Flexibility
Ergonomics
Principles of lifting
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4. WHY ATTEND THIS TRAINING DAY ?
To prevent back injury & its consequences
Pain & decreased mobility
Affects hobbies, family & social life
Financial consequences if unable to work
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5. STATISTICS
Accident statistics
>30% in the Western
world
80-90% will suffer back
pain
Build up over time
Early return to work key
to recovery
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7. Safety, Health and Welfare at Work
Act (2005)
Replaces 1989 Act
Defines “reasonably practicable”
Extends employers responsibility to
contractors etc.
Allows for issues such as intoxicants
and other psychosocial issues to be
dealt with
More detailed Safety Statement
based on Risk Assessment
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8. Employer’s Responsibilities
Provide a safe place to work
Safe equipment/ safe systems
PPE
Safety devices
Training and Information
Supervision
Emergency Plans
Competent person to examine H&S
issues
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9. Employee’s Responsibilities
Must take reasonable care of own
safety and others that may be
affected by their activities
To cooperate with management to
comply with the law
To use PPE provided for their own
safety
Not to misuse/interfere with
equipment
Report defects to the employer
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10. General Applications Regulations
(2007)
Extended responsibilities
of all parties.
Definition of “Director”.
Covers areas such as
VDU’s, PPE, workplace
equipment, electricity,
notification of accidents/
dangerous occurrences.
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11. MANUAL HANDLING REGULATIONS
2007 The employer must ……….
Avoid Manual Handling (Organisational or Mechanical Means)
If Manual Handling cannot be avoided carry out risk assessment
T.I.L.E.
If Manual Handling cannot be avoided take organisational
measures, use appropriate means or give employee means to
reduce the risk involved with manual handling
Protect particularly sensitive risk groups (see next slide)
Where tasks are entrusted to an employee, take their capabilities
into account.
Provide training & information (Weight & C.O.G. of load)
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12. SENSITIVE RISK GROUPS
Children & Young Persons
Pregnant, Post Natal & Breast Feeding
Women
Night Work & Shift Work
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13. SCHEDULE 3
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOAD
Too heavy/large
Un weildy/difficult to grasp
Unstable/contents likely to shift
Stooping/twisting
Contours/consistency esp. in collision
WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACTIVITY
PHYSICAL EFFORT REQUIRED
Not enough Room (vertically) Over frequent/prolonged Physical
Too strenuous
Unable to handle loads at safe height effort of the spine
Twisting movement of trunk
Floor uneven/variations in levels Insufficient rest/recovery of the body
Sudden movement of the load
Floor or footrest unstable Excessive lifting, lowering, carrying
Made with body in unstable posture
Temperature, Humidity, Ventilation Distances
INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS
Employee
Physically unsuited to carry out task
Wearing unsuitable clothing, footwear
Does not have adequate/appropriate
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14. PROTECTION OF PREGNANT,
POST NATAL & BREAST FEEDING
EMPLOYEES 2007
Applies to women The employer
MUST……
WHO ……….
Carry out a risk assessment
Are Pregnant (Schedule 8)
&
Have recently given If necessary ↓ risk by……
Changing work conditions /
birth (14 weeks) working hours
Are breastfeeding Alternative work
H & S leave
(26 weeks)
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15. Control of Manual Handling
tasks
Where there is a risk of
injury- avoid manual handling
If it is unavoidable, a risk
assessment must be done
Training and information must
be provided to employees,
who must accept this
Competent person to examine
H&S issues
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17. Effects on the
Guideline weights
Twisting during lifting operation reduces weights
by:
10 % twisting through 45o
20% twisting through 90o
Frequency of operation also reduces guideline
weights:
30% for 1/ 2 times per minute
50% for 5/ 8 times per minute
80% for >12 times per minute
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18. Points to note:
Everybody's
responsibility
Legislation being
updated regularly
More awareness of
your safety
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20. OBJECTIVES
Skeletal system (Bones & joints of
spinal column)
Discs
Soft tissue
(muscles & ligaments)
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21. The musculoskeletal
system
206 bones in an adult
Divided into 2 groups
3 major tasks
4 principle types of bone
3 types of joints
>600 muscles- largest:
quadriceps
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22. The Spine
33 bones divided into 5
regions
Upper 24 separated by
disks- allowing various
degrees of movement
S- shaped
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23. POSTURES TO BE AVOIDED
(Where, why & how to avoid these postures)
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25. The Vertebral Functional
Unit
Each vertebra consists
of:
Pedicles
Transverse processes
Facet joints
Posterior superior
spine
Spinal canal
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26. The Facet Joint
Restricts twisting
movement of the
lumbar region of
the spine
Allows forward and
backward bending
of the spine
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27. The Lumbar Disc
2 separate parts
Annulus
Nucleus
Functions:
Allows movement
Cushions shock
Separates bones
Allows nerves to
exit
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28. SOFT TISSUE: LIGAMENTS
Taut bands of
fibrous tissue
Flexible but not
elastic (Avoid over-stretching)
Poor blood supply
(Heal very slowly)
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29. The muscles
Muscles in the back-
attached to T. Processes .
Shortens by contraction-
moves joints.
Only pull- cannot push.
Strongest in mid range.
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35. SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
Overstretched
Muscles are torn when cold
Ligaments are torn because they are not elastic
May become slack due to disc degeneration
Overloaded
Muscles are torn if load is too heavy
AND IF
Muscles do not have enough time to
recover (repetitive work)
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39. BONE INJURY
The partly movable
joints:
Facet joint (Arthritis
due to wear and tear)
Sacro iliac joint
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40. WHAT IS TO BE LEARNT
As we do not always initially feel pain when we
cause damage to our spine we may think all is
o.k.
But
Be warned!!!
Injuries can build up over time. Bad postures and
bad handling techniques may cause problems
later on in life.
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42. OBJECTIVES
What is fitness?
Muscles relevant to manual handling
Safety when exercising
Benefits of fitness
Stretch break, How to use large leg muscles
for manual handling (weight transference/
ankle, knee & hip movements)
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43. WHAT IS FITNESS
“Ability to do ones daily work with
enough energy left over”
Strength
Aerobic (Heart & lungs)
Flexibility
Endurance
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45. ELEMENTS OF SAFE STRETCH
Warm up/cool down
Avoid sudden jerky movements
Stretch to point of slight
discomfort
Hold stretch for 30 seconds x 3
times
Stretch for minimum of 6 weeks to
restore flexibility
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46. BENIFITS OF FITNESS
More stamina and energy
Decreased risk of injury
Improved mental alertness
Improved sense of well-being
May live longer!!! If not, you’ll
definitely….
‘Get more out of life !!!!!’.
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48. OBJECTIVES
Definition of Ergonomics
Manual Handling Assessment
Benefit of Ergonomics
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49. Definition
Ergonomics aims to “fit the job, environment
and equipment to the person” instead of making
the person fit the above (e.g. car, sports
equipment, kitchen design.
This will ensure that work is done in a way that
minimises physical and mental effort while
maximising efficiency.
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50. RISK FACTORS
Where, why & how to avoid at work?
X
STOOPING TWISTING
LOADS
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OVER REACHING
51. YOU MUST ASSESS YOUR JOB TO SEE IF
YOU ARE CAPABLE OF DOING IT SAFELY
T task
I individual
L load
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52. T.I.L.E.
TASK
Loads away from the body
Twisting/stooping
Reaching upwards
Long carrying distances
Strenuous effort
Large vertical movements
LOAD
Heavy ENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUAL Bulky/unweildy Poor floors
Require unusual capabilities
Hazard to those with health problems Difficult to grasp Variations in levels
Hazard to those who are pregnant Unsteady/unpredictable Constraints on postures
Require special information/training Harmful – Lighting conditions
Require PPE
Co-operative Strong air movements
Attachments Hot, cold humid conditions
Walking aids
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53. SOLUTIONS
SHORT TERM SOLUTIONS LONG TERM SOLUTIONS
Extra staff Relocate Kitchen into main
Improve lighting Hospital
Fill Potholes
Fix Wheels Contract out catering to
outside company
Training
Put ramp at kerb
Reflective clothing
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54. BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS
I f you assess your job, you will be…
Better able to recognise potentially harmful tasks
Safer – decreased risk of injury
More comfortable – more energy, less stress
More efficient & productive
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56. OBJECTIVES
The thought process involved before loads
are moved
Principles of manual handling
Team handling
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57. BEFORE ANY HANDLING TASK
“Think before you begin” AVOID
Must you do the task at all?
If you must do the task, Assess – T.I.L.E
Can the task be made more manageable by:
Spliting the load
Getting help from other staff member
Using equipment
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58. The 8 Principles of
Lifting
Assess the task (area & load)-
TILE
Bend the knees
Ensure broad stable base
Back straight (Neutral position &
Avoid combined bending & twisting)
Firm grip with palm of hand
Arms in line with trunk
Weight close to centre of
gravity
Turn feet in direction of
movement
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60. 5 Types of basic lift
To and from the
floor
To and from a
bench
To and from a
height
Pushing
Pulling
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61. TEAM HANDLING
Be aware of limitations of team handling
Work with people of similar height
Appoint a leader
Plan the manoeuvre
Agree a command, to ensure a smooth co-
co-ordinated movement
(Ready, Steady lift.. pull…lower etc.)
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62. Conclusion
This training course must
be used outside work- LIFE
TOOL
Always follow the 8
Principles wherever you are
(whenever possible)
Remember- you only have
one back- take care of it
and it will “back” you up
for life!
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63. The Radon Problem
U-238
4.5 billion yr
U-234
250,000 yr
Pa-234
1.2 min
Th-234 Th-230
24 days 77,000 yr
Ra-226
1,600 yr
Rn-222
3.8 days
Po-218 Po-214 Po-210
3.05 min 164 microsec 138 days
Bi-214 Bi-210
19.7 min 5.0 days
Pb-214 Pb-210 Pb-206 Stable
26.8 min 22 yr
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64. Use of intoxicants
Companies moving
towards manditory
testing/random testing.
Can have a very serious
impact on work H&S.
Where possible let your
employer know if on
meds that affect work.
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65. Noise
Reduction in exposure levels
Obligations if levels are between
80 and 85 dB A and above 85
dB A
If levels vary daily then a
weekly average can be used
Preventative audiometric testing
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66. Chemical Agents
Use of PPE when using
chemicals
Personal hygeine is
important
Familiarise yourself with the
material MSDS
Use proper soap etc to claen
affected areas NOT solvents
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67. Reviewing MSDS’s
Check for associated
hazards (Sec. 3)
PPE to be used (Sec. 8)
Toxicological information
(Sec. 11)
Other areas of interest
(Sec. 4, 5 & 7)
New material = new
MSDS
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68. Dignity at Work
People need no longer feel
threatened by other
employees or managers
Physical and sexual
harassment dealt with
through H&S Legs and
Regs.
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