This study analyzed data from 44 studies that tested interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking behaviors among adolescents related to HIV transmission. The interventions were generally successful in reducing risk, especially those that increased skills like condom use negotiation, communication with partners, and condom skills. Risk reduction was greater for interventions delivered outside of schools that provided condoms and included more skills training compared to interventions with less training or that took place in schools. Overall, intensive behavioral interventions showed the most success in changing behaviors that reduce HIV risk.
Building the Evidence for Violence Prevention and Mitigation Interventions: A...JSI
A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature published between 2006 and 2017 to identify outcomes that lie along the pathway from interventions to outcomes. It was concluded that focusing on intermediate outcomes may help address measurement challenges and build a persuasive evidence base, critical to elevate violence in policy and practice change discussions and secure resources to prevent, address, and reduce the impact of violence.
This poster will be presented by Karuna Chibber at the 2018 American Public Health Association Conference in San Diego, CA.
Epidemiological studies concept in ophthalmology. This was a presentation done on zoom for the Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Cameroon and Center for Sight Africa, Nigeria. It deals with conceiving a research question, deciding the target population, measures of burden of disease such as prevalence and incidence, measures of associations between exposure and disease- relative risks, confidence intervals, threats to making inferences such as confounders, Bias, and chance, Bradford-Hill guideline, cross sectional study, cohort study, Case-control study, Randomised controlled trials and it concludes with types and use of epidemiological studies.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This pilot study investigated the efficacy of cognitive group interventions in reducing traumatic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission behaviors in HIV seropositive women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
Data stratification is the process of partitioning the data into distinct and non-overlapping groups since the
study population consists of subpopulations that are of particular interest. In clinical data, once the data is
stratified into sub populations based on a significant stratifying factor, different risk factors can be
determined from each subpopulation. In this paper, the Fisher’s Exact Test is used to determine the
significant stratifying factors. The experiments are conducted on a simulated study and the Medical,
Epidemiological and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA) data constructed for prediction of urinary
incontinence. Results show that, smoking is the most significant stratifying factor of MESA data, showing
that the smokers and non-smokers indicates different risk factors towards urinary incontinence and should
be treated differently.
Building the Evidence for Violence Prevention and Mitigation Interventions: A...JSI
A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature published between 2006 and 2017 to identify outcomes that lie along the pathway from interventions to outcomes. It was concluded that focusing on intermediate outcomes may help address measurement challenges and build a persuasive evidence base, critical to elevate violence in policy and practice change discussions and secure resources to prevent, address, and reduce the impact of violence.
This poster will be presented by Karuna Chibber at the 2018 American Public Health Association Conference in San Diego, CA.
Epidemiological studies concept in ophthalmology. This was a presentation done on zoom for the Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Cameroon and Center for Sight Africa, Nigeria. It deals with conceiving a research question, deciding the target population, measures of burden of disease such as prevalence and incidence, measures of associations between exposure and disease- relative risks, confidence intervals, threats to making inferences such as confounders, Bias, and chance, Bradford-Hill guideline, cross sectional study, cohort study, Case-control study, Randomised controlled trials and it concludes with types and use of epidemiological studies.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This pilot study investigated the efficacy of cognitive group interventions in reducing traumatic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission behaviors in HIV seropositive women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
Data stratification is the process of partitioning the data into distinct and non-overlapping groups since the
study population consists of subpopulations that are of particular interest. In clinical data, once the data is
stratified into sub populations based on a significant stratifying factor, different risk factors can be
determined from each subpopulation. In this paper, the Fisher’s Exact Test is used to determine the
significant stratifying factors. The experiments are conducted on a simulated study and the Medical,
Epidemiological and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA) data constructed for prediction of urinary
incontinence. Results show that, smoking is the most significant stratifying factor of MESA data, showing
that the smokers and non-smokers indicates different risk factors towards urinary incontinence and should
be treated differently.
Complete a case analysis of Avon Corporation A formal, in-depth .docxzollyjenkins
Complete a case analysis of Avon Corporation
A formal, in-depth case analysis requires you to utilize the entire strategic-management process. Assume your group is a consulting team asked by Avon Corporation to analyze its external/internal environment and make strategic recommendations. You will be required to make exhibits/matrices to support your analysis and recommendations. The case analysis must encompass 10–12 pages plus the exhibits/matrices, cover page, and reference page. The cover page must include the company name, your group name, and the date of submission. The matrices must not be part of the analysis body but exhibits.
The completed case must include:
Executive summary;
Existing vision, mission, objectives, and strategies;
SWOT analysis;
Porter's 5 Forces;
Value Chain Analysis;
Financial Ratio Analysis;
Balance Score Card;
Intellectual Assets: Human Capital, Social Capital, Technology;
Organizational Design;
A list of alternative strategies, giving advantages and disadvantages for each;
A recommendation of specific strategies and long-term objectives;
An action timetable/agenda.
Have your group leader place the results of the case analysis in a single document and post it to the Group Case Analysis 2 forum of your Group Discussion Board Forum. Be sure that the assignment is in a business-professional format; include current APA citing and referencing.
Research Article
CHOICES-TEEN: Reducing Substance-
Exposed Pregnancy and HIV Among
Juvenile Justice Adolescent Females
Danielle E. Parrish
1
, Kirk von Sternberg
2
, Laura J. Benjamins
3
,
Jacquelynn Duron
4
, and Mary Velasquez
2
Abstract
Objective: The feasibility and acceptability of CHOICES-TEEN—a three-session intervention to reduce overlapping risks of
alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP), tobacco-exposed pregnancy (TEP), and HIV—was assessed among females in the juvenile
justice system. Method: Females aged 14–17 years on community probation in Houston, TX, were eligible if presenting with
aforementioned health risks. Outcome measures—obtained at 1- and 3-months postbaseline—included the Timeline Followback,
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8, session completion/checklists, Working Alliance Inventory–Short, and open-ended ques-
tions. Twenty-two participants enrolled (82% Hispanic/Latina; mean age ¼ 16). Results: The results suggest strong acceptability
and feasibility with high client satisfaction and client/therapist ratings, 91% session completion, and positive open-ended
responses. All youth were at risk at baseline, with the following proportions at reduced risk at follow-up: AEP (90% at
1 month, 71.4% at 3 months), TEP (77% of smokers [n ¼ 17] at reduced risk at 1 month, 50% at 3 months), and HIV (52.4% at
1 month, 28.6% at 3 months).
Keywords
adolescent, HIV infections, alcohol, juvenile justice, substance-exposed pregnancy
Adolescent females detained or on probation in juvenile justice
settings often engage in multiple health behaviors that place
them.
ORIGINAL ARTICLEPartner Violence Entrapment Scale Develop.docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Partner Violence Entrapment Scale: Development
and Psychometric Testing
Anna Torres1,6 & Purificación Navarro2 & Fernando Gutiérrez3 &
Maria Jesús Tarragona2 & Maria Luisa Imaz1 & Carlos Ascaso4 &
Zoe Herreras5 & Manuel Valdés3 & Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve3
Published online: 7 July 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract This article describes the development and testing
of the psychometric properties of the Partner Violence Entrap-
ment Scale (PVES), an instrument that evaluates the women’s
perceived reasons for staying in violent partner relationships.
After initial pilot testing, the scale was administered to 213
Spanish womenwhowere victims of intimate partner violence
(IPV). An exploratory factor analysis identified six factors:
Socio-Economic Problems, Attachment and Fear of Loneli-
ness, Blaming Oneself and Resignation, Impact on Children,
Fear of Harm and Worry for the Partner, and Feelings of Con-
fusion. Discriminant validity was established by demonstrat-
ing associations between PVES factors and socio-demograph-
ic, clinical and abuse variables. The scale appears to be a
useful assessment tool for social and clinical settings. Its factor
structure, reliability, and validity need to be replicated in other
populations and samples.
Keywords Batteredwomen . Remaining in an abusive
relationship . Domestic violence . Perceived reasons .
Scale development . Partner violence
The stay/leave decision process among battered women has
attracted a considerable amount of research attention. The
stay/leave decision is the most important and difficult choice
that women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) may
face (Lerner and Kennedy 2000). In fact, it has been estimated
that women who experience IPV return an average of 3–4
times (Walker 1994), while the average relationship duration
of women who seek help spans more than 12 years (Amor
et al. 2002). The process of separation is a stressful life event
regardless of partner violence, but it becomes qualitatively
different in the context of victimization, with multiple barriers
to leaving (Walker et al. 2004). At the same time, contrary to
misconceptions about IPV, most women in violent relation-
ships do leave, and violence is associated with increased like-
lihood of separation (Walker et al. 2004). Leaving an abusive
partner is better understood as a process rather than a dichot-
omous decision (Khaw and Hardesty 2009). In this context,
the Transtheoretical Model has been used to explain the stay/
leave decision-making process in abusive relationships, ap-
plying specifically the stages and the process of change, as
well as the intervening variables -self-efficacy and decisional
balance- to IPV women (Eckstein 2011; Khaw and Hardesty
2009; Lerner and Kennedy 2000).
In light of the above, the more important concerns may be
the internal and external barriers that make leaving the rela-
tionship more difficult; as well as the perceived reasons to
stay.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open AccessThe impact of repeated vaccina.docxrgladys1
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
The impact of repeated vaccination on
influenza vaccine effectiveness: a
systematic review and meta-analysis
Lauren C. Ramsay1, Sarah A. Buchan2, Robert G. Stirling2,3, Benjamin J. Cowling4, Shuo Feng4,
Jeffrey C. Kwong1,2,5,6,7 and Bryna F. Warshawsky1,8*
Abstract
Background: Conflicting results regarding the impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness
(VE) may cause confusion regarding the benefits of receiving the current season’s vaccine.
Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health
Literature from database inception to August 17, 2016, for observational studies published in English that reported VE
against laboratory-confirmed influenza for four vaccination groups, namely current season only, prior season only, both
seasons, and neither season. We pooled differences in VE (ΔVE) between vaccination groups by influenza season and
type/subtype using a random effects model. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (registration number:
CRD42016037241).
Results: We identified 3435 unique articles, reviewed the full text of 634, and included 20 for meta-analysis. Compared to
prior season vaccination only, vaccination in both seasons was associated with greater protection against influenza H1N1
(ΔVE = 26%; 95% CI, 15% to 36%) and B (ΔVE = 24%; 95% CI, 7% to 42%), but not H3N2 (ΔVE = 10%; 95% CI, –6% to 25%).
Compared to no vaccination for either season, individuals who received the current season’s vaccine had greater
protection against H1N1 (ΔVE = 61%; 95% CI, 50% to 70%), H3N2 (ΔVE = 41%; 95% CI, 33% to 48%), and B (ΔVE = 62%;
95% CI, 54% to 68%). We observed no differences in VE between vaccination in both seasons and the current season only
for H1N1 (ΔVE = 4%; 95% CI, –7% to 15%), H3N2 (ΔVE = –12%; 95% CI, –27% to 4%), or B (ΔVE = –8%; 95% CI, –17% to 1%).
Conclusions: From the patient perspective, our results support current season vaccination regardless of prior season
vaccination. We found no overall evidence that prior season vaccination negatively impacts current season VE. It is
important that future VE studies include vaccination history over multiple seasons in order to evaluate repeated
vaccination in more detail.
Keywords: Influenza, Vaccine effectiveness, Repeated vaccination
Background
Seasonal influenza vaccination is the predominant strat-
egy for preventing influenza-related morbidity and mor-
tality. Annual vaccination is recommended because of
waning immunity and because influenza strains undergo
antigenic drift, necessitating reviewing and, in most sea-
sons, changing of the vaccine to better match the up-
coming season’s strains [1]. Because of the frequently
changing vaccine, influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) is
assessed annually.
With increasing numbers of people being immunized
against influenza annually, the impact of repeated vac-
cination has gained significant interest. Of particul.