This document discusses the management of physical education facilities, equipment, and supplies in secondary schools in Nigeria. It identifies several issues, including a lack of adequate and standard facilities, equipment, and supplies. It also notes that Nigerians lack a culture of maintenance for these resources. The document recommends that adequate, standard facilities, equipment, and supplies be provided for all public schools. It also recommends holding school heads responsible for lack of maintenance and making physical education compulsory.
This presentation is basically for the 12th class students,who are preparing for board exam and opted for physical education as their subject..
chapter1 PLANNING IN SPORTS
DIFFERENT COMMITTEES AND THEIR ROLE
Aims, objectives and characteristics of sports trainingMAHABOOBJAN A
ย
Sports training aims to improve performance capacity in various sports through scientific principles. It focuses on physical fitness, skills acquisition, tactical efficiency, and mental abilities. The objectives are to achieve optimal performance levels and develop athletes' performance capacity. Sports training is individualized, aims for high competition performance, and is a scientific, educational process guided by coaches to optimally develop athletes and hidden talents.
Training plans can be classified based on duration and number of people involved. There are yearly plans, meso-cycle plans lasting 3-6 weeks, and micro-cycle plans forming the basis for meso-cycles. Training conception involves long-term principles and rules. Yearly plans lay out training details for one year. Meso-cycle plans have specific aims achieved through micro-cycles and tests after each meso-cycle. Micro-cycles systematically arrange the load over training sessions. Training sessions are the basic unit and plans can be individual or group-based.
This document discusses the key characteristics of sports training. It states that sports training aims to achieve high performance in competitions through a planned, systematic, and scientific process. It is focused on optimizing the physical and psychological development of individual athletes. Sports training controls an athlete's daily schedule and is educational in developing their overall personality and hidden talents to become a champion. The coach plays a dominant role in organizing and evaluating all aspects of an athlete's training.
Skill tests for basketball. measurement and assessment in Physical EducationUsman Khan
ย
This slide includes a few simple field test for assessing basketball skills. theses tests includes Johnson basketball test and Stroup basketball test. it will help the teachers of PE and coaches of the game to find the talent. I hope it will help some. your feedback would be appreicaited.
The document provides information on coaching roles, skills, knowledge, philosophy and qualities. It discusses planning training sessions, setting goals, selecting activities, reviewing sessions, risk management, communication skills, teaching strategies, modifying activities and managing groups. Coaches have legal responsibilities to provide a safe environment and reduce risks to participants.
Tactics are specific actions and sequences used to fulfill a strategy. They aim to outwit an opponent by effectively using skills and talents. Tactics consist of actions and measures adopted before or during competition. Tactical preparation involves exercises, trials, and drills to instill competitive tactics. Tactics aim to hinder opponents through motor actions or influence judges. A tactical action has three phases: perception and analysis of the situation, mental solution, and motor solution. Tactics are used in both individual and team activities, depending on strengths, weaknesses, and performance.
This presentation is basically for the 12th class students,who are preparing for board exam and opted for physical education as their subject..
chapter1 PLANNING IN SPORTS
DIFFERENT COMMITTEES AND THEIR ROLE
Aims, objectives and characteristics of sports trainingMAHABOOBJAN A
ย
Sports training aims to improve performance capacity in various sports through scientific principles. It focuses on physical fitness, skills acquisition, tactical efficiency, and mental abilities. The objectives are to achieve optimal performance levels and develop athletes' performance capacity. Sports training is individualized, aims for high competition performance, and is a scientific, educational process guided by coaches to optimally develop athletes and hidden talents.
Training plans can be classified based on duration and number of people involved. There are yearly plans, meso-cycle plans lasting 3-6 weeks, and micro-cycle plans forming the basis for meso-cycles. Training conception involves long-term principles and rules. Yearly plans lay out training details for one year. Meso-cycle plans have specific aims achieved through micro-cycles and tests after each meso-cycle. Micro-cycles systematically arrange the load over training sessions. Training sessions are the basic unit and plans can be individual or group-based.
This document discusses the key characteristics of sports training. It states that sports training aims to achieve high performance in competitions through a planned, systematic, and scientific process. It is focused on optimizing the physical and psychological development of individual athletes. Sports training controls an athlete's daily schedule and is educational in developing their overall personality and hidden talents to become a champion. The coach plays a dominant role in organizing and evaluating all aspects of an athlete's training.
Skill tests for basketball. measurement and assessment in Physical EducationUsman Khan
ย
This slide includes a few simple field test for assessing basketball skills. theses tests includes Johnson basketball test and Stroup basketball test. it will help the teachers of PE and coaches of the game to find the talent. I hope it will help some. your feedback would be appreicaited.
The document provides information on coaching roles, skills, knowledge, philosophy and qualities. It discusses planning training sessions, setting goals, selecting activities, reviewing sessions, risk management, communication skills, teaching strategies, modifying activities and managing groups. Coaches have legal responsibilities to provide a safe environment and reduce risks to participants.
Tactics are specific actions and sequences used to fulfill a strategy. They aim to outwit an opponent by effectively using skills and talents. Tactics consist of actions and measures adopted before or during competition. Tactical preparation involves exercises, trials, and drills to instill competitive tactics. Tactics aim to hinder opponents through motor actions or influence judges. A tactical action has three phases: perception and analysis of the situation, mental solution, and motor solution. Tactics are used in both individual and team activities, depending on strengths, weaknesses, and performance.
1. Training load is central to improving sports performance, as it causes fatigue which leads to adaptation.
2. Load factors like movement quality, exercise type, intensity, and volume make up the overall training load.
3. There are two main types of load - external load involving physical exercise, and internal load regarding physiological demands.
Sports sociology examines the role and meaning of sports in society. It aims to understand how sports are shaped by social and cultural forces, and how they influence society. Sports sociology studies the socialization of individuals into sports, the values and norms of different sports cultures, and how social hierarchies can influence participation and success in sports. It also explores how sports have emerged and spread across societies over time and in relation to broader social changes.
This document outlines the foundation and objectives of a physical education curriculum. It describes how PE plays an important role in students' physical growth and development by teaching skills, attitudes, and values towards healthy, active lifestyles. The goals are to develop motor skills, fitness, sportsmanship, safety practices, and an understanding of health benefits. A physically educated student enjoys physical activity, maintains health and fitness, has positive self-esteem, applies thinking skills, and demonstrates fair play. The curriculum is developmentally appropriate, covering fundamental movements, gymnastics, dance, games, athletics and more.
Mean and Methods to develop Co-ordinationMAHABOOBJAN A
ย
This document discusses coordination and coordinative abilities in sports. It defines coordination as the ability to control and regulate movement through the central nervous system and sensory organs. It identifies seven specific coordinative abilities: orientation, coupling, differentiation, balance, rhythm, reaction, and adaptation. For each ability, it provides examples and explains how the ability depends on specific sensory functions. It concludes by outlining seven methods for improving coordinative abilities, such as performing varied physical exercises, correctly executing movements, and systematically increasing the difficulty of exercises.
There are four main types of tournaments: knock-out, league/round robin, combination, and challenge. Knock-out tournaments eliminate teams after a single loss, while league tournaments involve all teams playing each other. Combination tournaments use elements of knock-out and league formats. Challenge tournaments involve direct one-on-one matches between players or teams.
The document discusses definitions of sports training provided by various experts. It states that sports training is a scientifically organized process that aims to improve a sportsman's physical, psychological, and intellectual performance abilities through systematic instruction. The goal of sports training is to prepare athletes for competition at the highest possible level through improving components like physical fitness, motor skills, tactical efficiency, and mental capabilities. It also discusses that training should focus on developing specific physical abilities, technical skills, tactical knowledge, and the athlete's personality and mental state.
Adapted physical education is physical education designed for students with disabilities. It aims to develop motor skills, physical fitness, and responsible behavior through physical activities tailored to students' needs and abilities. The history of adapted physical education involved excluding students with disabilities from physical education until laws like the IDEA mandated their inclusion and access to adapted physical programs. Physical education teachers now play an important role in implementing individualized instruction, including students in general programs when possible, and addressing the diverse needs of students with various disabilities through adapted physical education.
This document discusses Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) models, specifically Balyi's contemporary LTAD model. Balyi's model includes 7 stages from Active Start to Active for Life that aim to improve elite performance, promote lifelong participation, develop physical literacy, and enable talent identification. The stages focus on fun, fundamental movement skills, sport-specific training, and continuing participation. Implementing LTAD models could help athletes reach their potential and promote health.
This document describes several physical fitness tests to measure muscular strength, endurance, speed, agility, and cardiovascular endurance. It provides instructions for administering and scoring tests for pull-ups/flexed arm hang, bent-knee sit-ups, shuttle run, standing broad jump, 50-yard dash, and 600-yard run/walk. The tests are designed to evaluate upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance, speed and agility through short runs and jumps, and cardiovascular endurance through longer runs or runs/walks. Equipment, administration procedures, and scoring methods are outlined for each test.
Meaning, principles, causes, symptoms and remidies of over loadMAHABOOBJAN A
ย
1. Overload occurs when the training load exceeds an individual's capacity, disturbing their physiological and psychological functions.
2. If overload continues for a long period, it can decrease performance as full recovery does not occur each day, leading to accumulated fatigue.
3. To improve performance, the training load must be progressively increased over time through methods like increasing intensity, volume, exercise variety, or training frequency while allowing for adequate adaptation to the increased load.
This document discusses a coaching philosophy. It defines coaching, philosophy, and coaching philosophy. It explores participation versus performance coaching and different coaching styles like autocratic, democratic, and humanistic. It examines factors that influence coaching styles and discusses balancing athlete development, performance, and experience. It also provides guidance on improving one's own philosophy and the relationship between coaching and ethics.
# Spectator
# Role of Spectators in Sports
# Spectators presence & Athlete performance
- Social Facilitation
- Competing in a familiar environment
- Spectators presence increase the sense of belonging
# Spectators presence can worsen Sports performance
- Social inhibition
- Fear of Evaluation
- The distraction effect
# Bibliography
THANKYOU
The document discusses the concept of technique in sports. It defines technique as movements that allow athletes to perform attacks and defenses with the goal of competition in mind. Athletes must learn ideal movement models to improve their skills. The analysis then discusses how technique has different meanings depending on the sport, and how technical ability is assessed both formally and during real competition. It proposes stages of technical learning, from general conditioning to specialization to perfection, with criteria defined for each stage to develop an athlete's technique.
Load refers to the physical and psychological demands of training and competition that cause a temporary disruption to homeostasis. There are four key factors that determine an athlete's load: movement quality, exercise type, load intensity, and load volume. Load intensity refers to the effort level of exercises and is measured by factors like weight and time. Load volume is the total work done and includes frequency and duration. The principles of load state that the load must continually increase over time and be proportionate to an athlete's adaptation, recovery ability, intensity versus volume, be sport-specific, varied, reversible if needed, provide an overload, and be individualized.
Track and field is a collection of sporting events that involve running, throwing, and jumping. It originated in Ancient Greece and is now governed by the IAAF. Events include sprints, middle and long distance running, relays, hurdles, high jump, long jump, triple jump, pole vault, shot put, discus, hammer, and javelin throw. Each event requires unique techniques to maximize speed, endurance, and distance. Relay races involve teams passing a baton to complete a full circuit. Field events evaluate athletes' jumping and throwing abilities.
11.management of physical education facilities, equipment and supplies in sec...Alexander Decker
ย
This document discusses the management of physical education facilities, equipment, and supplies in secondary schools in Nigeria. It identifies several issues, including a lack of adequate and standard facilities, equipment, and supplies. It also notes that Nigerians lack a culture of maintenance for these resources. The document recommends that adequate, standard facilities, equipment, and supplies be provided for all public schools. It also recommends holding school heads responsible for lack of maintenance and making physical education compulsory.
Sport Management IP94: Finding the Good StuffLydia Thorne
ย
The document provides an overview of a presentation on finding scholarly information for sport management. It discusses search strategies and keywords, and how to evaluate whether a source is scholarly or popular. The presentation also demonstrates how to use databases like Business Source Complete to find scholarly journal articles and books on specific sport management topics.
1. Training load is central to improving sports performance, as it causes fatigue which leads to adaptation.
2. Load factors like movement quality, exercise type, intensity, and volume make up the overall training load.
3. There are two main types of load - external load involving physical exercise, and internal load regarding physiological demands.
Sports sociology examines the role and meaning of sports in society. It aims to understand how sports are shaped by social and cultural forces, and how they influence society. Sports sociology studies the socialization of individuals into sports, the values and norms of different sports cultures, and how social hierarchies can influence participation and success in sports. It also explores how sports have emerged and spread across societies over time and in relation to broader social changes.
This document outlines the foundation and objectives of a physical education curriculum. It describes how PE plays an important role in students' physical growth and development by teaching skills, attitudes, and values towards healthy, active lifestyles. The goals are to develop motor skills, fitness, sportsmanship, safety practices, and an understanding of health benefits. A physically educated student enjoys physical activity, maintains health and fitness, has positive self-esteem, applies thinking skills, and demonstrates fair play. The curriculum is developmentally appropriate, covering fundamental movements, gymnastics, dance, games, athletics and more.
Mean and Methods to develop Co-ordinationMAHABOOBJAN A
ย
This document discusses coordination and coordinative abilities in sports. It defines coordination as the ability to control and regulate movement through the central nervous system and sensory organs. It identifies seven specific coordinative abilities: orientation, coupling, differentiation, balance, rhythm, reaction, and adaptation. For each ability, it provides examples and explains how the ability depends on specific sensory functions. It concludes by outlining seven methods for improving coordinative abilities, such as performing varied physical exercises, correctly executing movements, and systematically increasing the difficulty of exercises.
There are four main types of tournaments: knock-out, league/round robin, combination, and challenge. Knock-out tournaments eliminate teams after a single loss, while league tournaments involve all teams playing each other. Combination tournaments use elements of knock-out and league formats. Challenge tournaments involve direct one-on-one matches between players or teams.
The document discusses definitions of sports training provided by various experts. It states that sports training is a scientifically organized process that aims to improve a sportsman's physical, psychological, and intellectual performance abilities through systematic instruction. The goal of sports training is to prepare athletes for competition at the highest possible level through improving components like physical fitness, motor skills, tactical efficiency, and mental capabilities. It also discusses that training should focus on developing specific physical abilities, technical skills, tactical knowledge, and the athlete's personality and mental state.
Adapted physical education is physical education designed for students with disabilities. It aims to develop motor skills, physical fitness, and responsible behavior through physical activities tailored to students' needs and abilities. The history of adapted physical education involved excluding students with disabilities from physical education until laws like the IDEA mandated their inclusion and access to adapted physical programs. Physical education teachers now play an important role in implementing individualized instruction, including students in general programs when possible, and addressing the diverse needs of students with various disabilities through adapted physical education.
This document discusses Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) models, specifically Balyi's contemporary LTAD model. Balyi's model includes 7 stages from Active Start to Active for Life that aim to improve elite performance, promote lifelong participation, develop physical literacy, and enable talent identification. The stages focus on fun, fundamental movement skills, sport-specific training, and continuing participation. Implementing LTAD models could help athletes reach their potential and promote health.
This document describes several physical fitness tests to measure muscular strength, endurance, speed, agility, and cardiovascular endurance. It provides instructions for administering and scoring tests for pull-ups/flexed arm hang, bent-knee sit-ups, shuttle run, standing broad jump, 50-yard dash, and 600-yard run/walk. The tests are designed to evaluate upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance, speed and agility through short runs and jumps, and cardiovascular endurance through longer runs or runs/walks. Equipment, administration procedures, and scoring methods are outlined for each test.
Meaning, principles, causes, symptoms and remidies of over loadMAHABOOBJAN A
ย
1. Overload occurs when the training load exceeds an individual's capacity, disturbing their physiological and psychological functions.
2. If overload continues for a long period, it can decrease performance as full recovery does not occur each day, leading to accumulated fatigue.
3. To improve performance, the training load must be progressively increased over time through methods like increasing intensity, volume, exercise variety, or training frequency while allowing for adequate adaptation to the increased load.
This document discusses a coaching philosophy. It defines coaching, philosophy, and coaching philosophy. It explores participation versus performance coaching and different coaching styles like autocratic, democratic, and humanistic. It examines factors that influence coaching styles and discusses balancing athlete development, performance, and experience. It also provides guidance on improving one's own philosophy and the relationship between coaching and ethics.
# Spectator
# Role of Spectators in Sports
# Spectators presence & Athlete performance
- Social Facilitation
- Competing in a familiar environment
- Spectators presence increase the sense of belonging
# Spectators presence can worsen Sports performance
- Social inhibition
- Fear of Evaluation
- The distraction effect
# Bibliography
THANKYOU
The document discusses the concept of technique in sports. It defines technique as movements that allow athletes to perform attacks and defenses with the goal of competition in mind. Athletes must learn ideal movement models to improve their skills. The analysis then discusses how technique has different meanings depending on the sport, and how technical ability is assessed both formally and during real competition. It proposes stages of technical learning, from general conditioning to specialization to perfection, with criteria defined for each stage to develop an athlete's technique.
Load refers to the physical and psychological demands of training and competition that cause a temporary disruption to homeostasis. There are four key factors that determine an athlete's load: movement quality, exercise type, load intensity, and load volume. Load intensity refers to the effort level of exercises and is measured by factors like weight and time. Load volume is the total work done and includes frequency and duration. The principles of load state that the load must continually increase over time and be proportionate to an athlete's adaptation, recovery ability, intensity versus volume, be sport-specific, varied, reversible if needed, provide an overload, and be individualized.
Track and field is a collection of sporting events that involve running, throwing, and jumping. It originated in Ancient Greece and is now governed by the IAAF. Events include sprints, middle and long distance running, relays, hurdles, high jump, long jump, triple jump, pole vault, shot put, discus, hammer, and javelin throw. Each event requires unique techniques to maximize speed, endurance, and distance. Relay races involve teams passing a baton to complete a full circuit. Field events evaluate athletes' jumping and throwing abilities.
11.management of physical education facilities, equipment and supplies in sec...Alexander Decker
ย
This document discusses the management of physical education facilities, equipment, and supplies in secondary schools in Nigeria. It identifies several issues, including a lack of adequate and standard facilities, equipment, and supplies. It also notes that Nigerians lack a culture of maintenance for these resources. The document recommends that adequate, standard facilities, equipment, and supplies be provided for all public schools. It also recommends holding school heads responsible for lack of maintenance and making physical education compulsory.
Sport Management IP94: Finding the Good StuffLydia Thorne
ย
The document provides an overview of a presentation on finding scholarly information for sport management. It discusses search strategies and keywords, and how to evaluate whether a source is scholarly or popular. The presentation also demonstrates how to use databases like Business Source Complete to find scholarly journal articles and books on specific sport management topics.
The document discusses facility management in educational settings. It defines educational facilities as the grounds, buildings, and facilities within schools. Educational facilities include school sites, buildings, furniture, and equipment. The availability of safe, adequate educational facilities is important for opening and operating schools. Facility management involves coordinating maintenance and non-core business support services over a facility's lifespan. It discusses the importance of comprehensive maintenance programs and dividing responsibilities between school and district levels.
This word presentation is prepared for elementary teacher trainees of DIET Daryaganj while keeping in view the curriculum of subject Teaching of Health and Physical Education and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
The document discusses the importance of physical education based on current public health concerns of obesity, inactivity, and related diseases. It outlines a vision for physically educated persons to be physically active and fit. National standards for physical education are proposed to provide all students in K-12 schools with quality physical education programs incorporating opportunity to learn, meaningful content, and appropriate instruction. Research supports the benefits of physical activity on health and the role of physical education in developing lifelong active lifestyles.
Implementation of International Charter of Physical Education and Sport (UNESCO)Devinder Kansal
ย
The document discusses the 1978 UNESCO Charter of Physical Education and Sport. It outlines several key principles of the charter, including that every person has a fundamental right to physical education and sport, which are essential to personality development. It promotes physical activity and sport throughout life via lifelong education. Physical education and sport contribute to health, provide leisure activities, and help people overcome issues of modern living. It also discusses the role of public authorities and institutions in supporting physical education and sport programs.
Principles of a+p in sport 1112 ass 1 skeletal systemsamuelgreen
ย
The document provides an assignment cover sheet and instructions for a sports science student to complete tasks relating to the structure and function of the skeletal system. The tasks include labeling diagrams of bones, highlighting and describing the axial and appendicular skeleton, and completing a table detailing the classifications of joints, examples of each type, and the movement allowed. The assignment aims to demonstrate the student's understanding of how the skeletal system enables movement in sport.
The document discusses several sports management companies in India. It provides information on companies like Infinity Optimal Solutions, IMG, Sterling Sports Management, StarGames, Tribal Sports Management, Percept Sport, Professional Management Group, Turf Sports Management, and Rhiti Sports Management. It describes their founding, services offered, properties and events managed, and vision/mission for each company. The document is a guide to the major players in the Indian sports management industry.
This word presentation is prepared for DIET Daryaganj ETE trainees while keeping in view their Health and Physical Education curriculum and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of sports managers. It defines sports management as a field that integrates the sports industry and management. Sports managers oversee various operations including teams, facilities, marketing, and events. Their primary responsibility is to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively through allocating human, financial, physical, and informational resources. Key traits for successful sports managers include integrity, industry, interpersonal skills, and the ability to plan.
BEST PRACTICES IN IMPLEMENTING CURRICULUM IN THE CLASSROOMRechelle Longcop
ย
The document outlines best practices teachers can implement in their classrooms, including balancing the curriculum, integrating subjects, differentiating instruction, and providing active learning opportunities. A balanced curriculum includes all subjects, promotes brain development, and prepares students for success. An integrated curriculum allows students to identify topics and research across disciplines. Differentiating the curriculum meets the individual needs of students and nurtures their strengths. Active learning engages students through hands-on activities and collaborative work.
Improving the philippine education system through the kto12dwcc38818
ย
The Philippines is committed to achieving its Education for All (EFA) goals not only for the development of each Filipino, but also for the overall social and economic progress of the country. Part of the Philippine Education For All Plan of Action 2015, is Critical Task No. 5, โthe expansion of basic education, targeting that by 2015, the Philippines has lengthened its cycle of basic education schooling to make it twelve years.โ
Physical education and sports are important for health, fitness, and wellness. Regular physical activity can help prevent chronic diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle. However, physical education is often a neglected subject. The document outlines several facts about physical education and sports for all. It emphasizes that physical education should be a lifelong pursuit and stresses the importance of developing healthy behaviors from a young age. It also discusses the benefits of physical activity for children and adolescents. The overall goal is to promote physical education and sports for all levels of participation.
Meaning and Significance of Physical EducationPriyanka Nain
ย
This is a presentation about meaning of Physical Education and why it is significant, how it helps in wholesome development of an individual, all these questions are answered in this presentation.
Unit 3: Sport Facility Management and Event Planningcelsesser
ย
This document provides an overview of unit 3 which covers facility and event planning. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of facilities managers, the importance of facility planning and management, and using professional facility management firms. It also covers various types of event planning, types of planning like strategic, operational, standing and single-use plans. Additionally, it discusses sales forecasting, scheduling, and tools that can help with scheduling like calendars, planning sheets, Gantt charts and PERT charts. The importance of effective time management and having a time management system are also highlighted.
The document discusses guidelines for developing lesson plans for teachers. It states that teachers with less than 2 years of experience must prepare detailed daily lesson plans, while more experienced teachers can prepare less detailed daily lesson logs. It then outlines the main components that should be included in a lesson plan: objectives, subject matter, procedures, assessment, and assignment. The document also discusses Bloom's taxonomy and revised Bloom's taxonomy, providing examples of learning objectives for each level of thinking. It provides tips for teaching students with different learning styles like visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners. Finally, it discusses guidelines for selecting appropriate instructional materials based on the cone of learning theory.
To achieve early objective good managers supervise their workers. Top management supervises the work of management and management members supervise the work of non-management members.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Overfishing, coastal development, deforestation, and pollution are major environmental problems threatening the Philippines' marine and land environments. Overfishing has led to a 90% drop in some fisheries' catches and costs $420 million annually. Coastal development including infrastructure, aquaculture, and reclamation has damaged coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, reducing mangroves to 36% of historic levels. Deforestation endangers biodiversity as many endemic species depend on forests, which cover only 3% of original area. Poor waste treatment pollutes water sources as only 10% of sewage is treated. Weak enforcement of regulations exacerbates these problems.
This document provides an overview of planning in sports. It discusses various topics related to planning tournaments including committees and their responsibilities, types of tournaments (knockout, league, combination), procedures for drawing fixtures, seeding methods, and determining winners. It also covers the meaning and significance of intramural and extramural sports programs and competitions.
Need For Advanced Facilities and Equipments in Physical Education CollegesIOSR Journals
ย
Abstract: This paper mainly exposed the problems and of facilities and equipments in physical education
colleges. The objective of this article is to study the problems for facilities and equipments available in physical
education colleges and to focus on the goal for improving the quality of teaching and learning in physical
education.
It also discussed the poor maintenance culture of facilities, and equipments. It presents the findings of an
evaluation of physical Education [PE] colleges and makes recommendations for the further development of this
subject. Based on the data analysis and discussion, it was concluded that improvisation is very necessary
because of the growing number of enrolment of students, the reduced amount spent on facilities and equipment
in PE colleges and Recruitments of qualified faculties.
Keywords: Physical Education, Facilities, Equipments, Qualified faculties
Principles and Practice of the Maintenance of Physical Education Curriculum F...theijes
ย
This document discusses principles and practices for maintaining physical education facilities and equipment in schools. It outlines several key factors for effective maintenance, including having administrative policies that document maintenance responsibilities and budget for repairs. It also stresses the importance of adequate funding and information sharing between administrators, teachers, and other stakeholders to ensure facilities and equipment are properly evaluated and maintained. Regular process studies, proficiency and attitude measures, and follow-up evaluations are recommended to identify maintenance needs and guide program improvements.
This document provides a course syllabus for a Physical Education 3 module on Individual and Dual Sports. The module covers three lessons: Badminton, Table Tennis, and Track and Field. It outlines the course description, credit units, prerequisites, program and course outcomes. It also includes a course outline with weekly topics, learning objectives, content, teaching methods, assessments, and references. The syllabus aims to help students develop proficiency in individual and dual sports through both theoretical and practical instruction and assessment.
Teaching of physical education course as a fundamental right of students in s...Alexander Decker
ย
This study assessed the gap between policy and reality regarding physical education in secondary schools in Bomet District, Kenya. The objective was to determine if teaching physical education formed a fundamental right for students. International charters and conventions declare physical education a fundamental human right. However, the study found students were denied this right in Bomet District secondary schools. The researcher recommends deploying physical education specialists to districts to supervise and evaluate physical education in schools.
The Declining Profile of Physical Education Programme in Educational Institut...IOSR Journals
ย
Abstract: Since the early days of Nigerian history, Physical Education has always been considered as an
integral part of educational system as obtained in several nations of the world. The awareness of the values of
physical activities and sports, gave a boost to the prominence given to the practical and pedagogical aspects of
physical education in all segments of educational system in Nigeria, between 1950s and 1980s. Physical
Education was a compulsory subject in the curriculum of primary and teacher education, while the National
Policy on Education of 1970s and 1980s accommodated the programme for secondary education. However, it is
rather disturbing to note that there has been a systematic decline in the fortune of physical education in
Nigerian schools since 1990 to date. This paper therefore, examines the acceptability and recognition of
physical education programmes in Nigerian schools, and the inherent factors responsible for the steady decline
of its profile over the years.
Keywords: Physical Education, health education, sportโs programme, curriculum instruction, educational
institution,
Maidan Summit 2011 - Mona Shipley, British CouncilMaidan.in
ย
In her discourse at Maidan Summit 2011, Ms Mona Shipley presented her experience with developing the Physical Education Cards (PEC). She held that one should harness engagement, effectiveness and simplicity of sport-based programmes and use them at the grassroots level to begin transformation.
She said that sport is an integral part of culture in almost every country, and pointed at how women get segregated because it is traditionally associated with masculinity. Ms Shipley felt the need to challenge the discrimination based on gender in sports. She highlighted the need to have an advocacy platform, where people come to become aware of their rights and eventually drive change from within.
Physical Education and Sports in Dubai's Elementary Schools: Promoting Health...mansurali2343
ย
Elementary School in Dubai schools Al Barsha: The curriculum will be organized around themes and topics that authentically connect the various subjects. Students will engage in experiential learning opportunities both in the school and as much as possible within the wider community. This approach will build real-world connections to their learning and learn about the Emirati culture.
The difficulties faced by physical education supervisors in colleges and univ...Alexander Decker
ย
This document summarizes a study on the difficulties facing physical education supervisors in Jordanian colleges and universities in forming sports teams. The study aimed to identify the difficulties from the supervisors' point of view, examine differences based on gender and education level, and make recommendations. It found the main difficulties were in the areas of student potential, management, and implementing programs. It recommended universities provide better funding, facilities, equipment and plans to support competitive sports teams and activities for students.
An Assessment of the Level of Competence Acquired By Graduates of the Undergr...IOSR Journals
ย
The document assesses the level of competence acquired by graduates of the undergraduate Physical Education program at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in various fields. A survey was conducted using a 90-item test to evaluate graduates' competence in teaching physical education, administering sports, coaching, and performing physical/occupational therapy. Results found graduates had low competence (below 40%) in teaching but were slightly competent (40-49%) in other areas. The findings suggest graduates did not acquire adequate skills in these fields during their program. The undergraduate curriculum needs revising to better achieve its objectives through improved delivery.
Implementation of Physical Education Program in Junior High SchoolIJSRED
ย
The document discusses a study on the implementation of physical education (PE) programs in junior high schools in the Philippines. The study found that school administrators and teachers believed the objectives, teacher qualifications, physical facilities, assessment tools, and content of PE programs were being effectively implemented. However, some problems were encountered, including limited training for student athletes, a lack of facilities for PE classes, and inadequate equipment. To address these issues, the study proposes a management program with various projects and activities to improve PE program implementation in schools.
imminent need to introduce cdc for balanced education to assure YES PEDevinder Kansal
ย
This document discusses the need to introduce curriculum development centers (CDCs) in universities to ensure balanced education that includes youth enrichment through sports and physical education (YES PE). It notes that universities currently lack management of knowledge for topics like YES PE, application of multidisciplinary knowledge, and CDC. It argues that establishing CDCs and centers for knowledge application can help implement recommendations from education experts and introduce balanced curricula incorporating physical activity, as mandated by international organizations.
The document discusses the PYKKA program in India, which aims to promote sports and physical activity among rural youth. The key objectives of PYKKA are to provide universal access to sports facilities in rural areas, promote a sports culture for both boys and girls, and harness sporting talent. The program involves training master trainers and kridashrees to provide basic sports instruction and organize competitions at various levels, with the goal of identifying and nurturing talented rural athletes. In its first year, PYKKA trained over 500 master trainers and 22,000 kridashrees, and helped organize sports competitions across various states in India.
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Management of physical education facilities, equipment and supplies in secondary schools in nigeria
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Management of Physical Education Facilities, Equipment and
Supplies in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: issues and challenges
Tamunobelema Tammy Orunaboka 1* Emeka Augustine Nwachukwu 2
1. Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education University of
Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
2. Health & Safety Education, P.H.E. Department, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State,
Nigeria.
* E-mail of the corresponding author: tamyorus@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper examines the management of Physical Education facilities, equipment and supplies in secondary
schools in Nigeria. The place of physical education facilities, equipment and supplies in secondary schools
sports development were discussed. This paper exposed the problems of physical education facilities,
equipment and supplies in secondary schools in Nigeria. It also discussed the poor maintenance culture of
physical education facilities, equipment and supplies, and the state of facilities, equipment and supplies in
Nigerian public secondary schools. Based on the discussions some of the recommendations made were that:
All heads of schools should be held responsible for lack of maintenance culture of physical
education/sports facilities, equipment and supplies. It was also advised that all hands and efforts should be
on deck as to provide standard and adequate facilities, equipment and supplies that were locally
manufactured for easy maintenance and cost.
Keywords: Maintenance, Facilities, Equipment, Supplies, locally manufactured
1. Introduction
The school is a social institution entrusted with the formal education of the youth in the society. Sporting
activities have been known to be an integral component of the educational programmes of the most, if not
all nations of the world.
In Platoโs Republic, physical education was included as an integral component of the educational system. It
is therefore the function of the school to socialize the individuals. Here in Nigeria, physical education
programmes are not much emphasized at all levels of the educational system, infact, the recognition of
physical education as a part of the secondary school curriculum by the national policy on education in 1982
formally and wholly integrated physical education into the educational programme of the country. (Ojeme,
1985; Orunaboka, 1990).
In most advanced countries of the world; education authorities have realized the benefits accruing from
participation in sports programmes and they have not hesitated in including physical education in their
curriculum as a part of the learning experiences offered to the students. The implication is that a lot of
resources (finance) were put into physical education to enable the youths enjoy a worthy sports programme
for their healthy development. Sports activities have been seen as an instrument for national unity. This role
has been epitomized by the biannually organized โAll Nigeria Sports Festival and Nigeria Schools Sports
Festivalโ, which aimed at bringing people from various states and schools in Nigeria together through a
healthy competition.
There is a clear indication that the authorities responsible for administration of sports in Nigeria have
realized the contributions of the school physical education programmes towards sports development in
43
2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Nigeria and are sparing no effort to encourage secondary schools to set up well structured physical
education and sports programmes. This implies that Nigeria secondary schools are now looked upon as one
of the fertile grounds for breeding the Nationโs future sportsmen and women. In order to achieve this
objective, the government through the ministry of Youths and Sports provided standard facilities, supplies
and equipment to all the secondary schools through their state government, but the problems of facilities,
and equipment management in the secondary schools in Nigeria, are the issue of concern by many sports
researchers, sports managers and practitioners, as an area that merits investigation.
2. Conceptualization
The provision of adequate facilities, supplies and equipment are as important as providing adequate
incentive for the athletes, but the maintenance of such adequate facilities, supplies and equipment use by
many often constitute a managerial problems.
Traditionally, at the secondary schools level, facilities, supplies and equipment management are usually the
responsibilities of those persons who are in-charge of physical education and sports programme. The
facilities for which they are responsible include outdoor facilities โ such as playgrounds, pools, skate parks,
courts and fields โ and indoor facilities โ such as locker and shower rooms, natatorium, racket, sport courts,
weight and exercise rooms, arenas, climbing walls, and gymnasiums, their supplies and equipment.
Facilities, supplies and equipment management includes not only the effective scheduling, operation, and
maintenance of such facilities, supplies and equipment but also, at times, planning new structures to keep
pace with the demand for participation in physical education and sports programmes of the school.
(Crompton 2005; Cohen 1996; Flynn 1993; Pate et al 1997).
The secondary school physical education programme is characterized by individual and lifetime sports as
well as by team game activities. This emphasis, together with the popularity of recreational and
interscholastic sport, and the fact that facilities, supplies and equipment are typically needed for
recreational use. The cost of materials and labour is rising as a result of inflation, making it very difficult
for new capital building projects to go forward. High interest rules make it difficult to get bond issues
passed for facility construction. Energy conservation and sustained maintenance and repair costs must also
be taken into consideration.
Supplies are those materials that are expendable and have to be replaced at frequent intervals such as
shuttle cocks, tennis balls, while physical education equipment refers to those items that are not considered
expendable, but are used for a period of years, such as parallel bars, volleyball standards, soccer goals,
strength training equipment are need all needs to be considered in the managerial budgeting of the sports
administrator.
2.1 The Place of Physical Education Facilities, Supplies and Equipment in Secondary Schools Sports
Development
Recent studies and experimentations have yielded new trends in design for the construction of physical
Education facilities, supplies and equipment. Although basic concepts, such as that of having teaching
stations remain the same, current innovations in design are producing teaching stations that are more
functional and less expensive. In order to catch them young, Nigeria secondary schools physical education
requires a variety of sports/physical education facilities, supplies and equipment both indoors and outdoors.
The relative needs of the students and athletes should be recognized in the planning of facilities, scheduling
for their use and the purchase of the supplies and equipment. Supplies and equipment needs vary according
to a wide range of factors, including the level of programme or participants, age of the user group, type of
activities being offered, number of participants, and, of course, finance. (Arnhein & Prentice, 200; Athletic
Business February 2000; Athletic Business August 2000).
44
3. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
Facilities, supplies and equipment provision are important aspect of physical education and sports
management. Excellent programme is the key word in physical education and sports competitions, and this
requires well equipped good play-ground for training. Standard facilities and equipment are essential pre-
requisites to good and impressive performance. Lack of adequate and standard facilities and equipment
hampers physical education and sports programmess in many ways.
Adedeji (2000), also pointed out that there must be sufficient motivation in the form of attractiveness of
facilities, supplies and equipment to captivate athletesโ interest to participate in sports or games. He further
stated that the facilities and equipment in this country are simply not good enough and are hindrance to
physical education and sports development.
2.2 Problems of Physical Education Facilities, Equipment and Supplies Management in Secondary Schools
The effective performance of physical education and sports programmes in secondary schools involves the
determination, allocation and development of funds for the achievement of the school sports programmes.
The programme requires a large amount of money every year. This is because facilities such as courts and
pitches are constructed and maintained for the use of the students. Also equipment and supplies such as
balls, nets, javelin, rackets, hockey sticks, bats, gymnastic and athletic (track and field) materials require
either purchasing, replacement or repairs. Bucher and Krotee (2002) opined that facilities should be
planned and constructed with an eye to the future. Too often, facilities are constructed and out-grown their
use within a very short time. Most facilities constructed in our secondary schools are very difficult to
expand or exchange. It is noticed in todayโs schools, the increased population, rising school enrolments,
city life, limited space, and skyrocketing labour and material costs, are all altering physical education and
sports facilities and equipment production and management.
According to Awosika (2009), Pate et al (1997), it might be impossible to achieve satisfactory results from
athletes whose training facilities and equipment are inadequate or of sub-standard. The scarcity of physical
education facilities, supplies and equipment constitute a big cog in the successful administration,
organization and management of physical education and sports in Nigeria. Nigeria athletes would have
performed better if they have half of the facilities and equipment available to the Western World. It is noted
that most of our athletes lack exposure to modern sophisticated sports/physical education infrastructural
facilities and equipment for training. Igbanugo (2004) ascertained that athletes have been known to drop
out of skip training because these things (facilities and equipment) are either non-exist or inadequate.
2.3 Maintenance culture of Physical Education Faculties, Equipment and Supplies
Maintenance of most public properties which belongs to nobody is less concern of some citizen of Nigeria.
Maintenance culture should be established by the physical education administrator, with proper repairs of
physical education facilities, supplies and equipment. Bucher and Krotee (2002) opined that equipment and
facilities should always be maintained in a serviceable condition.
Procedures for caring for facilities, equipment and supplies should be routinized so that repairs are
provided as needed. All used equipment and supplies should be checked and then repaired, replaced, or
serviced as needed. Such used items should be cleared and stored properly. (Brown 1977, Carron 1982,
Howe 1981).
Nigerians are very good in programme and policy planning, good innovation, but seriously lack
maintenance culture of equipment, facilities and supplies. Facilities and equipment should be attractive and
esthetically pleasing with the utilization of good colour and design. Facilities and equipment should be easy
and economically to maintain and should be durable. A great emphasis should be on maintenance culture
by the administrators as to achieve the best results.
The construction of facilities for physical education must follow the established checklist for facility
planners. The planning, construction, and use of facilities for school physical education programme should
consider the following health facility planning;
(a) Validity (b) Utility (c) Accessibility (d) Isolation
(e) Departmentalization (f) Safety (hygiene and sanitation)
45
4. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
(g) Supervision (h) Durability and Maintenance (i) Beauty
(j) Flexibility and Expansibility (k) Economy and
(l) Acoustics
It could be said that with proper maintenance culture, a facility will last longer, provide a healthier and
safer environment, be less costly, and provide a more satisfying experience for user groups. Planning and
constructing facilities in physical education and sport are team efforts.
If proper plans, construction, and materials are selected, then maintenance should be made easier. Nothing
is more embarrassing than a new facility that is a maintenance nightmare because of poor management
decisions in the design and planning phases of the construction process, not to mention the purchase of
equipment, scheduling, and hiring of staff. Given an adequate facility, it is up to the physical education,
recreational sports, and athletic departmentsโ management and all user groups as well as the custodial staff
to work together in taking pride in their facility and putting forth a special effort to see that it is maintained
in as near perfect condition as possible (Flynn 1993, Pate, et al 1997, Appenzeller 1998, Kraus & Curtis
2000, Bucher & Krotee 2002).
3. The State of Facilities, Equipment and Supplies in Secondary Schools in Nigeria
In Nigeria today, sports is fast gaining recognition as a way of the life of the people. Sports has also
become a universal political game, therefore no effort should be spared in encouraging every able bodied
person to participate. The primary and secondary schools are the fertile ground for mass participation and
sports for all through physical education programme. It is at primary and secondary schools that the aim of
the slogan โCatch them youngโ! will be achieved. The importance of physical education and sports in this
country has been demonstrated by the level of patronage from the government, individuals, private sectors
and even the spectators. Excellent physical education and sports programmes have been matters of interest
to many people and government, because physical education and sports have been the avenue through
which great nations of the world exhibit their supremacy over others. Physical education and sports are now
effectively used to propagate political, social and economic might.
There is strong evidence that every state of the federation spends a great proportion of her revenue to either
resuscitate or maintain and improve upon the levels already attained in sports. Recognizing the advantages
of sports and physical education therefore, the government established sports councils, schools sports
management and others sports bodies. It would be impossible for any state to win unless talents are tapped
at the grassroots (primary, secondary, colleges and polytechnics /universities).
The physical education and sports administrators and organizers need to do a lot of work to raise the levels
of physical education and sports in Nigeria. The planners need to appreciate that the foundation of good
sports development is the exposure of the youths of that nation to participate in physical education/sports
programmes by provision and maintenance of standard sports sophisticated facilities, equipment and
supplies for the training and participation.
As it is now many public primary and secondary schools in Nigeria may not be proud of good and quality
physical education and sports facilities, equipment and supplies in their school environment for the pupils
and students use. No matter the government efforts towards improving this situation, many contractors with
some ministry of Education personnel are ready to frustrate that government efforts.
4. Conclusion
It is well understood that the major cog in Nigeria secondary schools success in physical education and
sports participation are sub-standard facilities and lack of sophisticated equipment. Nigerians also lack
maintenance culture. Effective sports organization requires organizational and administrative variables such
as personnel, facilities, equipment, finance, incentives, planning, scheduling and training. Facilities and
equipment provisions are important aspect of physical education and sports administration. Excellent
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5. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 3, 2012
programme is the key word in physical education and sports competitions. This requires well equipped and
good play-ground for training. Standard facilities and equipment are essential pre-requisites to good and
impressive performance. Lack of adequate facilities hampers sports progress in many ways as discussed in
this paper.
5. Recommendations
This paper recommends that:
1. Adequate and standard facilities, equipment and supplies should be provided for all public schools
(primary and secondary schools) in each of the states.
2. Trained physical education teachers and sports coaches should be employed to all the primary and
secondary schools in Nigeria.
3. Physical education programme should be made compulsory in all primary and secondary schools
4. All heads of schools should be held responsible for lack of maintenance of physical education/sports
facilities, equipment and supplies where necessary.
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