An organization is a group of people working together to achieve common goals. Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources and activities to achieve goals. The management process includes determining objectives, structuring organizational roles and responsibilities, motivating people, and monitoring performance. Key managerial skills include the ability to coordinate different departments and resolve conflicts to harmonize individual and organizational goals.

1. Unit 1
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2. INTRODUCTION
Organization
Two or more people who work together in a
structured way to achieve a specific goal or set of
goals.
Goals
Purpose that an organization strives to achieve;
organizations often have more than one goals,
goals are fundamental elements of organization.
The Role of Management
To guide the organizations towards goal
accomplishment

3. DEFINITIONS F.W.Taylor
“Management is the art of knowing what you want
to do in the best & cheapest way”
Harold Koontz & Heinz Weihrich
“Management is the process of designing &
maintaining an environment in which individuals
work with such performance for optimizing
efficiency in reaching goals”
A.F. Stoner
“ The process of planning, organizing, leading and
controlling the work of organization members and
of using all available organizational resources to
reach stated organizational goals”

4. CHARACTERISTICS
Management is a continuous
process
Management aims at the
accomplishment of
predetermined objectives
Management is both a
science and an art
Management is a group
activity
Management principles are
universal in nature

5. CHARACTERISTICS
Management is an organized
activity
Management is essential at
different levels of organizations
Management principles are
dynamic in nature
Management utilizes a multi-
disciplinary approach
Management integrates
human and other resources

6. ConceptsofManagement
Management as
an Art
Management as a
Science
• It is the practical way of doing
specific things!
• Main reasons –
1. Application of knowledge & skills
for coordination
2. Management is creative
3. Personalized process
4. Result oriented
5. Constant practice lead to
perfection
• The elements of science –
1. Systematized body of knowledge
2. Contains use of principles &
theories
3. Universal acceptance of principles
• Management is an inexact
science or soft science.

7. ConceptsofManagement
Management as a
Profession
• Features of a profession –
a) Well defined and organized body
of knowledge
b) Learning and experience
c) Entry restricted by qualification
d) Recognized national body
e) Ethical code of conduct
• Management is a Partial
profession because of-
1. No universally acceptable criteria
for the evaluation of performance
2. Theory of the management is still
evolving

8. ConceptsofManagement Management by
Objectives
Meaning: Defining objectives within an organization so that
management and employees agree to the objectives and
understand what they need to do in the organization in
order to achieve them.
Benefits of MBO
a) The need for planning will be recognized
b) It provides attainable objectives and accountability for
performance
c) It encourages participative management
d) Help in job enrichment (increasing level of responsibility)
e) It provides good feedback system
Steps in MBO
a) Set organizational goals
b) Set departmental goals
c) Discuss departmental goals
d) Define expected results
e) Performance Reviews
f) Provide feedback

9. ManagerialLevels

10. RoleofaManager The Manager performs traditional and
symbolic duties as head of the
organization
Fosters a proper work atmosphere
and motivates and develops
subordinates
Develops and maintains a network of
external contacts to gather information
Gathers internal and external information
relevant to the organization
Transmits factual and value based
information to subordinates

11. RoleofaManager
Communicates to the outside world on
performance and policies
Designs and initiates change in the
organization!
Participates in negotiation activities with
other organizations and individuals.
Deals with unexpected events and
operational breakdowns
Controls and authorizes the use of
organizational resources

12. ManagerialSkills

13. ManagementVs.Administration Basis Administration Management
Nature Thinking Executive
Scope/Focus Determination of major
objectives and policies
Policies execution or
implementation
Level in the
organization
Top level Middle and lower
level function
Main Function Planning and control Directing and
organizing
Skills required Human and conceptual
skills
Technical and human
skills
Applicability Largely in government
and public sector
Business
organizations
Examples Minister, commander,
vice-chancellor,
registrar,etc
Managing Director,
General manager,
Branch Manager, etc

14. Significance
Objective
Determin
a-tion
Effective
Resource
s
utilization
Meeting
Challenge
s
Economic
Developm
ent
Objective
achievem
e-nt

15. ManagementProcess

16. PLANNING
 Determining organizational goals and
means to reach them
 Managers plan for three reasons
1. Establish an overall direction for the
organization’s future
2. Identify and commit resources to achieving
goals
3. Decide which tasks must be done to reach
those goals

17. ORGANIZING
CEO
Sales
manager
Purchase
manager
Advertising
manager
HR
manager
Leave
manager
 Process of deciding where decisions will be made, who will
perform what jobs and tasks, and who will report to whom in
the company
 Includes creating departments and job descriptions
 Organizing means assigning the planned tasks to various
individuals or groups within the organization

18. LEADING/DIRECTING
Leading (Influencing) means guiding the activities of the
organizational members in appropriate directions. Objective
is to improve productivity.
Getting others to perform the necessary tasks by motivating
them to achieve the organization’s goals

19. CONTROLLING
 Process by which a person, group, or organization consciously
monitors performance and takes corrective
action
 It ensures that actual activities conform to planned activities!
 Three step process under controlling -
1. Gather information that measures
recent performance
2. Compare present performance to
pre-established standards
3. Determine modifications to meet
pre-established standards

20. COORDINATION
Planning
Laying down of common
objectives!
Organizing
Staffing
Grouping of activities into
homogenous departments!
Assigning task to various
individuals!

21. COORDINATION
Directing
Integration of humans with
economic and technical
resources!
Controlling
Actual output matches with
expected or planned output!
“ The central task of the manager is to reconcile the difference
in approach, efforts or interest and to harmonize the individual
goals and actions !”
- Koontz & O’Donnell