Mammals
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Mammals evolved from reptiles during the late Jurassic period. The first true mammal was a small, shrew-like organism that lived alongside dinosaurs. Mammals are characterized by hair and mammary glands and have more developed brains than other animals. There are three main types of mammalian reproduction: monotremes lay eggs, marsupials give birth to tiny embryos that develop further in the mother's pouch, and placentals develop embryos internally and feed via a placenta. The document then describes 14 orders of mammals including their defining characteristics.
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The document summarizes several animal phyla including poriferans (sponges), cnidarians (jellyfish and corals), platyhelmins (flatworms), nematodes (roundworms), mollusks (clams and squid), annelids (segmented worms), arthropods (insects and crustaceans), and echinoderms (sea stars and sea urchins). It provides key characteristics for each phylum such as their body structure, digestive system, circulatory system, symmetry, and major examples of animals within each group.
Arthropods Notes
Arthropods are characterized by having segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and a hard exoskeleton made of chitin. They molt by shedding their exoskeleton. The main groups are crustaceans, arachnids, and insects. Arachnids include spiders, scorpions, and mites/ticks, and have adaptations for living on land like book lungs. Spiders use silk glands to make webs and hunt prey. Mites and ticks transmit diseases by sucking blood. Insects undergo complete or incomplete metamorphosis, and include many orders such as beetles, butterflies, flies, ants, and more.
Chapter 14 & 15- fish, anphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
This document summarizes key characteristics of chordates, vertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It notes that chordates have a notochord, nerve chord, postanal tail, and gill slits. Vertebrates like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals additionally have an endoskeleton and vertebrae. It then provides details on characteristics of each group like fish having fins and scales, amphibians living both on land and water, and mammals producing milk and having hair or fur.
Classification of Mammals
This document provides information about the classification and characteristics of mammals. It begins with an overview of the infraclass Eutheria, or placental mammals, noting the key role of the placenta in allowing longer gestation. It then details three orders of mammals as examples: Insectivora, Xenarthra, and Chiroptera (bats). For each order, it describes general physical traits, habitat, behavior and other distinguishing characteristics. The document concludes with an overview of the order Primates, their traits and suborders.
Chordate characteristics 2016
This document describes the characteristics of the phylum Chordata, which includes humans and other vertebrate animals. Chordata are defined by having a notochord or backbone during development. The phylum contains five subphyla: Hemichordata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata. Vertebrata are further divided into seven classes: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia. The document provides details on characteristics and examples for each group.
Mammals
Mammals are characterized by warm-bloodedness, hair or fur, highly developed brains, muscular diaphragms, mammary glands, and parental care. They have four-chambered hearts, skulls with teeth and jaws, and two sets of teeth. Mammals have four limbs adapted for locomotion like walking, running, swimming, flying or burrowing. They maintain a constant body temperature through homeothermy. Their skin has hair and glands. Mammals are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
General Characteristics of Mammals
This document provides an overview of mammalian characteristics and diagnostic features. It discusses various skin glands found in mammals like mammary glands, sweat glands, scent glands, and details their structure and function. Hair characteristics are also described, including hair structure, color variation, and sensory modifications. Finally, horns and antlers are summarized, distinguishing between true horns, antlers, and rhinoceros horns.
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Mammals
- 2. Mammalia