Mal practice is illigal act which is worldwide being done within all the fields
Here, mal practice in physiotherapy clinical practice is very well illustrated
Contents :
Definition
Standerd of care
Basic elements of mal practice
Necessity of injury
Targets
Medical malpractice claims
Examples of Mal practice
Proving mal practice claim
Damages
Informed consent
Medical malpractice lawsuit
Cost of litigation
Medical records rewiew
Glossary
Clinical reasoning is one of the pillars for good physiotherapy practice. It is an integral component of evidence based practice. It is a thought process that develops over time in a clinician. The first step is to start thinking of a clinical problem.
The lecture is delivered to first year physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. The students will continue with case discussion using similar model proposed by Mark Jones and Darren Rivett in his book. Further real cases and the cases in Mark Jones will be discussed in the subsequent classes over the Bachelor of Physiotherapy course.
ETHICAL Guidlines by INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSIOTHERAPYSusan Jose
Ethics a detailed anaylsis of THE ETHICAL GUIDLINE MADE EASY TO UNDERSTAND USING SIMPLE LANGUAGE. IT HAS BEEN GROUPED UNDER VARIOUS TERMS TO MAKE LEARNING FASTER. SO THAT APPLICATION IN REAL LIFE SITUATION BECOMES EASY
Clinical reasoning is one of the pillars for good physiotherapy practice. It is an integral component of evidence based practice. It is a thought process that develops over time in a clinician. The first step is to start thinking of a clinical problem.
The lecture is delivered to first year physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. The students will continue with case discussion using similar model proposed by Mark Jones and Darren Rivett in his book. Further real cases and the cases in Mark Jones will be discussed in the subsequent classes over the Bachelor of Physiotherapy course.
ETHICAL Guidlines by INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSIOTHERAPYSusan Jose
Ethics a detailed anaylsis of THE ETHICAL GUIDLINE MADE EASY TO UNDERSTAND USING SIMPLE LANGUAGE. IT HAS BEEN GROUPED UNDER VARIOUS TERMS TO MAKE LEARNING FASTER. SO THAT APPLICATION IN REAL LIFE SITUATION BECOMES EASY
5 The Physician–Patient Relationship Learning Objectives After.docxalinainglis
5 The Physician–Patient Relationship
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
· 1. Define the key terms.
· 2. Describe the rights a physician has when practicing medicine and when accepting a patient.
· 3. Discuss the nine principles of medical ethics as designated by the American Medical Association (AMA).
· 4. Summarize “A Patient’s Bill of Rights.”
· 5. Understand standard of care and how it is applied to the practice of medicine.
· 6. Discuss three patient self-determination acts.
· 7. Describe the difference between implied consent and informed consent.
Key Terms
Abandonment
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Advance directive
Against medical advice (AMA)
Agent
Consent
Do not resuscitate (DNR)
Durable power of attorney
Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
Implied consent
Informed (or expressed)
consent
Incompetent patient
In loco parentis
Living will
Minor
Noncompliant patient
Parens patriae authority
Privileged communication
Prognosis
Proxy
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
THE CASE OF DAVID Z. AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
David, who has suffered with ALS for 20 years, is now hospitalized in a private religious hospital on a respirator. He spoke with his physician before he became incapacitated and asked that he be allowed to die if the suffering became too much for him. The physician agreed that, while he would not give David any drugs to assist a suicide, he would discontinue David’s respirator if asked to do so. David has now indicated through a prearranged code of blinking eye movements that he wants the respirator discontinued. David had signed his living will before he became ill, indicating that he did not want extraordinary means keeping him alive.
The nursing staff has alerted the hospital administrator about the impending discontinuation of the respirator. The administrator tells the physician that this is against the hospital’s policy. She states that once a patient is placed on a respirator, the family must seek a court order to have him or her removed from this type of life support. In addition, it is against hospital policy to have any staff members present during such a procedure. After consulting with the family, the physician orders an ambulance to transport the patient back to his home, where the physician discontinues the life support.
· 1. What were the primary concerns of the hospital?
· 2. What was the physician’s primary concern?
· 3. When should the discussion about the patient’s future plans have taken place with the hospital administrator?
Introduction
Few topics are as important as the physician–patient relationship. This relationship impacts the entire healthcare team. All healthcare professionals who interact with the patient must understand their responsibilities to both the patient and the physician. The patient’s right to confidentiality must always be paramount.
The first physicians were “medicine men,” witch doctors, or sorcerers. The physician–pa.
A personal injury lawyer is a legal professional who specializes in providing legal representation to individuals who have been injured due to the negligence, intentional actions, or strict liability of others. These lawyers have expertise in the area of personal injury law and are dedicated to advocating for the rights of their clients and helping them seek compensation for their damages.
A personal injury lawyer is a legal professional who specializes in providing legal representation to individuals who have been injured due to the negligence, intentional actions, or strict liability of others. These lawyers have expertise in the area of personal injury law and are dedicated to advocating for the rights of their clients and helping them seek compensation for their damages.
Similar to MAL-PRACTICE IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.pptx (20)
Introduction to nervous system
Contents :
Parts of nervous system
Parts of brain
Sagittal section of the brain
Basic functions of the brain
Parts and functions of Diancephalon
Structures and functions of brainstem
Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Periarthritis shoulder or adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is very common condition of shoulder joint.
Contents :
Definition
Epidemiology
Classification
Causes
clinical features
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis :- INVESTIGATION
Examination
MEDICAL TREATMENT
Ventilation refers to rate at which air enters or leave lungs
Contents
Definition
Pulmonary ventilation
Normal value and calculation
Alveolar ventilation
Normal value and calculation
Dead space
Anatomical dead space
Physiological dead space
Normal value of dead space
Ventilation/perfusion ratio
Significance of V/Q ratio
Vojta technique is neuromuscular approach deals with all the conditions of CNS and Musculoskeletal system.
Contents :
Introduction
Definition
What is REFLEX LOCOMOTION
Indication
Stimulating Points
Reflex locomotion
Reflex Rolling phase 1
Reflex Rolling phase 2
Reflex creeping
Effects of Vojta technique
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. MAL-
PRACTICE
“ Malpractice occurs when a professional
fails to meet the standard of care expected
under the circumstances, and as a result
causes an injury to a client. “
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
3. The standard of care is typically defined as whether the
level of care provided was consistent with the care that
would be expected from a reasonably prudent health care
professional, but with additional focus on the Healthcare
Provider’s Specialty and the standard of care in the
Healthcare Provider’s Community
STANDERD OF CARE
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
4. Standerd of care may be different
according to.......
• Type of Professional : Such as : Specialists vs
generalist
• Type of accomodation : Such as : Multi-speciality
hospitals vs Small clinics
• Type of case : Such as : Emergency vs non-urgent
• Type of area : Such as : Urban areas vs rural areas
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
5. Basic Elements Of MAL-PRACTICE
Claim
A) There is a professional relationship between the
professional and the client claiming injury.
B) The professional was negligent in providing
services to the client.
C) The negligence violated the governing standard of
care.
D) The professional's negligence caused an injury to
the client.
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
6. NECESSITY OF INJURY
• To present a valid claim for malpractice, the client or patient
making the claim must also prove injury. If no injury results
from the professional’s negligent act or omission, no matter
how extreme or dramatic the mistake, a malpractice action
cannot succeed.
• Examples : 1. Misdiagnosis
: 2. Accountant
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
7. Targets : Medical Professionals
1) Doctors
2) Organization : Hospitals
: Clinics
: Medical practices
3) Healthcare professionals : Nurses
: Dentists
: Pharmacists,
: Physical and Occupational therapist,
: Medical technician
: Mental health professionals
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
8. Medical Malpractice Claims
1) State law may require that a professional accused of malpractice receive
advance notice of the client’s intention to file a malpractice lawsuit.
• Particularly for medical malpractice claims, additional pre-litigation
requirements may be imposed.
• For example, a patient may be required to submit an affidavit from a qualified
expert who is willing to testify that the defendant violated the governing
standard of care and caused injury to the patient. The patient may be required
to participate in pre-claim or post-claim case review, mediation or arbitration
proceedings.
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
9. 2) In most malpractice cases it is necessary to introduce
expert witness testimony in order to establish the
governing standard of care, and that the defendant
professional violated that standard of care. Finding and
hiring a qualified expert witness can be daunting, and
the fees the expert may charge will often be substantial.
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
10. 3) As laws are different in each state it is important to
scrutinize state law, as what may seem like a minor
procedural error made during a malpractice lawsuit
can potentially cost a plaintiff any right to recovery.
4) Medical malpractice laws vary significantly by state,
and it is important to have any potential medical
malpractice claim reviewed by an attorney in the state
where the alleged malpractice occurred. Most
malpractice cases are too complex and costly to
pursue without the help of a lawyer
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
11. EXAMPLES OF MAL-PRACTICE
• Failure to diagnose a medical condition
• Misdiagnosis of a medical condition
• Surgical errors
• Unnecessary medical treatment or surgery
• Medication errors, including prescribing the wrong medication or
administering an incorrect doses
• Failure to provide adequate follow-up care following a medical
test or procedure; Unreasonable delay in the commencement of
treatment for a medical condition
• Lack of informed consent (failure to properly inform a patient of
the risks of treatment)
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
12. PROVING MAL-PRACTICE CLAIM
Elements Of Proof
1. Clinical relationship
2. Violation of governing standerd of care
3. Causation
4. Damages
• Malpractice cases are normally decided by a preponderance of the
evidence
• Requirement that medical error be proved by clear and convincing
evidence.
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
13. DAMAGES
• Damage is a necessary element to file a medical mal-
practice lowsuit
• Not all incidents of medical malpractice will support a
medical malpractice claim, as even a clear medical error
may not result in damages to the patient.
• If the patient’s treatment or prognosis is not affected by
the negligent act or omission, the patient may not be
entitled to compensation
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
14. Examples of malpractice that may not
resulted in damages
* A doctor negligently misdiagnoses a medical condition and orders surgery,
but the surgery would have been required even had the doctor made a
correct diagnosis.
* A patient’s illness is misdiagnosed, but the patient is prescribed
medication that cures the actual medical condition.
* A patient receives an excessive dose of medication, but suffers no ill
effect or other medical consequence from the error.
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
15. INFORMED
CONSENT
Patient should
be informed
about possible
risks of the
procedure
Professional
should
carefully
explain abuot
the consent
form
Patient is bound
to well
understood and
sign to start
procedure
If professional fails to
sign consent patient
can file a malpractice
lowsuit against
profesional for even
considerable risk or
harm happens to him
Even in case of
signed consent
patient can file a
lowsuit against
unexpected harm
or injury occurs
to him
Even patient can
file a lowsuit If
professional got
his sign on
consent by any
fraud
Informed consent is a written form cum agreement that could be used to inform
and signed by a patient about known risk of procedure that is being done
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
17. • COST OF LITIGATION
• $ 30,000 to $ 60,000
• MEDICAL RECORDS REVIEW
• Medical and treatment record are submitted to the
lowyers and chacked by medical professionals that
could be used against either a patient or a proffesional
to prove either the malpractice has not been occured
or to prove malpractice in court
PRESENTED BY : YASH N. ANGHAN
