Malawi Scotland Partnership - Post 2015 Scotland's Contribution, September 2013
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Malawi has made progress towards achieving some of the Millennium Development Goals but is unlikely to meet goals around universal primary education, promoting gender equality, and improving maternal health. The country conducted consultations to inform priorities for development after 2015 and identified issues like governance, infrastructure, agriculture, education, health, private sector growth, environment, technology, and gender equality. Malawi's development strategies have aligned with the MDGs but the government will need to incorporate priorities from the post-2015 consultations in its future plans to meet the needs of Malawians.
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Malawi Scotland Partnership - Post 2015 Scotland's Contribution, September 2013
- 1. Malawi and MDGs: Any Progress? By Happy Edward Makala, NIDOS Annual Seminar and AGM, Renfield Centre, Glasgow, Scotland 17th September, 2013
- 2. Presentation Outline • Progress made towards realization of MDGs • Overview of the Post-2015 consultations • Priorities from the consultations • Malawi’s policy documents • What next: Post-2015?
- 3. Goals 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 – Likely to Meet GOAL/TARGET Indicator Current Status 2015 Target Feasibility of achieving the Goal Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Proportion of population living below US$1.00 per person per day 39 % 27% Likely to be met Poverty Gap Ratio 17.8% 8% Poorest Quintile Share in National Consumption 10.1 % 20% Prevalence of Underweight Children 17 % 14% Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption 15% 11.8% Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Under-five mortality rate 122 per 1,000 78 per 1,000 Likely to be met Infant Mortality rate 69 per 1,000 44.7 per 1,000 Proportion of 1 year children immunized against Measles 84 % 100
- 4. GOAL/TARGET Indicator Current Status 2015 Target Feasibility of achieving the Goal Goal 6: Combat HIV and AIDS, Malaria and other diseases HIV prevalence among 15 – 24 year old pregnant women 12% 0% Likely to be met Ratio of orphans to non-orphans in school 0.15 - Deaths rates associated with Malaria 3% - Access to Malaria Treatment 22% - Proportion of Household with at least one ITN 60% - Death rates associated with Tuberculosis 8% - Proportion of TB Cases under DOTS 86% -
- 5. Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Proportion of land covered by forest 36.2% 50% Likely to be met Proportion of area protected to maintain biological diversity 0.16% 0.18% Proportion of population using solid fuel 98% 0% Proportion of population with sustainable access to and improved water source 81% 74% Proportion of population with access to improved Sanitation 93% 86.2% Slum population as percentage of urban population 67.7% - Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development Net ODA as a percentage of Real Gross Domestic Product 22% Likely to be met Unemployment of 15 – 24 year old (urban) 4% Telephone lines subscribers per 100 population 2.3% Cellular subscribers per 100 population 21% Internet users per 1,000 population 10.5%
- 6. GOAL/TARGET Indicator Current Status 2015 Target Feasibility of achieving the Goal Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Net Enrolment in Primary 83% 100% Unlikely to be metProportion of Pupils Starting Grade1 Reaching Grade 5 75.7 % 100% Literacy Rate (15-24yrs) 84 % 100% Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education 1.03 1 Unlikely to be metRatio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education 0.79 1 Ratio of Literate Women to Men 15 – 24 Years Old 0.94 1 Share of Women in Wage Employment in non- Agriculture Sector 15% 50% Proportion of Seats Held by Women in Parliament 22% 50% Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Maternal mortality ratio 807 per 100,000 155 per 100,000 Unlikely to be met Proportion of births attended to by skilled health personnel 75% 100% Goals 2, 3 and 5 – Unlikely to Meet
- 7. Overview of the Post-2015 Consultation • One of 50 countries chosen to inform the Post-2015 Future – Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (MEPD), UNCT initiated the process by planning and identifying the issues that faced Malawi – bottom- up approach , by giving the people of Malawi a voice • Utilised primary data through key informant interviews and focus group discussions and respondents were asked the following questions: 1. What do you want to see change or improve in the next 10 years ? 2. What is the one most important thing for Malawi in the next 10 years ? 3. What is one thing you will do to improve things in the next 10 years ? – Newspapers, phone in radio programmes and world wide web were also used to disseminate and capture views on the consultation.
- 8. Priorities from the Consultations • Governance and Accountability • Infrastructure Development • Agricultural Development and Food Security • Access to and Quality Education • Health Service Delivery • Private Sector Development • Environment , Natural Resource Management and Climate Change • Science, Technology and Communication • HIV/AIDS • Capacity Building • Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment • Population Dynamics and Development
- 9. Malawi’s Policy Documents • Vision 2020 – Long Term strategy : 1998 – 2020 • Millennium Development Goals : 2000 - 2015 – Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy : 2001 – 2005 – Malawi Growth and Development Strategy : 2006 – 2011 – Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II (MGDS II): 2011 -2016 – Malawi Economic Recovery Plan (2012) - (MERP) – 2012 -2017 • Coined due the macro economic instability and a slow down in the GDP and therefore sought to make quick economic gains though resource allocation into Tourism, fisheries and Agriculture • Policy Reforms were categorised in immediate (3month) , Short Term (1 year) and Medium Term (2-5 years) • In the Medium Term, MERP seeks to refocus the priorities of MDG
- 10. What Next: Post -2015? • Still unclear what the strategic and Implementation plan is for the priorities identified in the consultations • Although MERP has been plagued with concerns of its lack of clarity, lack of resource to implement the priorities and whether its priorities are evidence based, we have used it as a proxy to asses how GoM is currently meeting the needs of Malawians and an indication of how it will meet them in future. • With the government hinting at consolidating the MERP and MGDSII, this is an opportune time for the GoM to also include the priorities identified in the Post -2015 Consultations.
- 11. Conclusions • Malawi will achieve the majority of the MDGs • Not always easy to say which goals have/haven’t been met • Progress has been made within those goals unlikely to be met (e.g. primary education) • Some targets seem very high for the period, given resource constraints • Perhaps more could have been done to promote post 2015 consultations
Editor's Notes
- Goal 2–Education: Ensure that by 2015, all Boys and Girls should be able to complete a FullCourse of Primary SchoolingChallenges undermining the realisation of goal number 2 shortage of qualified primary school teachers;inadequate physical infrastructure;poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight;high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leading to absenteeism especially among girls who take care of the sick;poor participation of school committees and their communities in school management.Poverty levels are high in rural areas.GoM Strategies to address the above challenges:Reducing the student to teacher ratio by moving teachers from secondary schools to primary schools Construction of school building blocks and teacher’s housesScaling school feeding meals to increase enrolment and retentionConstruction of additional teacher training colleges to reduce teacher-student ration and improve the quality of teachers Goal 3-GenderChallenges undermining the realisation of goal number 3The capacity and resources were said to be stretched to accommodate adult literacy and continuing educationOn account of culture and socioeconomic pressure there is a prevalence of early marriagesThe belief and culture that men lead and women follow Poor learning environmentsGoM Strategies to address the above challengesRevision of the re-admission policy in 2006, allowing girls to go back to school after pregnancyIncrease budgetary allocation to national adult literacy programmesIncrease women in decision making position in public and private sectorsGoal 5-Maternal HealthHighest Maternal mortality ratio in the world (Attributed to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, disability of women within the reproductive age ). It was recommended that Malawi needs improved antenatal care, basic emergency obstetric care, and post-natal care. Although still high at 807 per 100,000, this is a reduction from 1120 per 100,000 about a decade ago.At 75% births being attended by skilled health professionals, this is an increase from 56% in 2000. At the current rate, it is projected that by 2015, this will be 82% with the highest skilled attendants found in urban areasChallenges undermining the realisation of goal number 5Insufficient skilled human resources and poor retention of skilled health personnel Poor access to the essential health care services and poor equipped health facilities Cultural practices which discourage the use of skilled health attendants, use of contraceptives etcGoM Strategies to address the above challengesIncreased availability and accessibility of antenatal servicesUse of skilled health professionalsProvision on ARV’s and micronutrients to women during pregnancy