Topic - Millennium Development Goals Subject - Community Health Nursing short notes for GNM, B.Sc.Nursing and P.B.B.Sc.Nursing Students

1. MILLENNIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Prepared By : Mrs. Leena Sameep Sakplal.
Nursing Tutor
RN, P.B.B.Sc.Nursing.

2. INTRODUCTION
• In September 2000 the UN General Assembly adopted
the Millennium declarations, establishing a global
partnership of countries & development partners
committed to 8 voluntary development goals to be
achieved by 2015.
• The MDGs helped in bringing out a much needed focus
and pressure on basic development issues, which in
turn led the governments at national and sub national
levels to do better planning and implement more
intensive policies and programs.
• The MDGs consisted of eight goals, and these eight
goals addressed multiple development issues

3. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. To achieve universal primary education
3. To promote gender equality and empower women
4. To reduce child mortality
5. To improve maternal health
6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. To ensure environmental sustainability
8. To develop a global partnership for development

5. MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Target - Halve the proportion of people living in extreme
poverty (less than one dollar a day) in between 1990 and
2015.
Present status(India)
• India is moderately successful in reducing poverty and
likely to miss target by 3.5 percentage point. The
Poverty head Count Ratio is estimated to reach 18.6 %
by 2015.
• The malnourished and underweight children’s
percentage came down from 53.5 (in 1990) to 46 % (in
2005-06) and expected to reach 40 percent by 2015
(below the target of 28.6 %)

6. Global Information
• Evidence of improvement in children
nutritional status.
• Percentage of underweight children has been
estimated to decline from 25% in 1990 to 16%
in 2010.
• Stunting in children under five years of age
decreased from 40% to 27%.
• In Asia, the number of children stunted
children halved between 1990 (190 million)
and 2010 (100 million)

7. MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Target
• Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,
will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
• Present Status (India):
• On track and in some cases, ahead of target for universalizing
primary education.
• Gross enrolment rates for both girls and boys in 2006-07 crossed
100 %.
Centrally-sponsored schemes that address this MDG include:
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
• Mid Day meal Scheme
• Kasturba Gandhi Balkia Vidyalaya (KGBV)

8. MDG 3 :Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Target
• Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education,
preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than
2015.
• Track key element of women’s social, economic and political
participation and guide the building of gender-equitable
societies.
Present Status (India)
• India is moderately or almost nearly on track however
‘participation of women in employment and decision making
remains less and disparity is not likely to eliminate by 2015’.
• The labor market openness for women in industry and service has
marginally increased from 13-18 % between 1990-91 and 2004-05.

9. Global Information
• Girls still account for 55% of out of school
population.
• Maternal mortality is the number one cause
of death for adolescents 15-19 years old.
• The ratio of female-to-male earned income
is well below parity in all countries.
• Up to one in three women worldwide will
experience violence at some point in her
life.

10. MDG 4 :Reduce Child Mortality
Target - Reduce by two-thirds the under five
mortality rate by 2015.
Present status(India)
• India’s under Five Mortality (U5MR) declined from 125
per 1000 live births in 1990 to 74.6 per 1000 live births
in 2005-06.
• U5MR is expected to further decline to 70 per 1000 live
births by 2015 and might fail to achieve the target that
is 42 per 1000 live births by 2015.

11. Global Information
• 76 lakhs children under 5 died in 2010.
• During 1960-1990, child mortality in developing region
was halved to one child in 10 dying before age five. The
aim is to further cut child mortality by two thirds from
1990 level.
• Reaching the MDG on reducing the child mortality will
require universal coverage with key effective, affordable
interventions like care for newborn and mothers, Infant
and young child feeding, vaccines, prevention and case
management of pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria control
and prevention and care of HIV/AIDS.

12. MDG 5 :Improve Maternal Health
Target
• Reduce by three-quarters the maternal mortality rate between
1990 and 2015
• Achieve by 2015, universal access to reproductive health.
Present status(India)
• The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of India was 437 per 100,000
live births in 1990-91 and the target of 2015 is 109 per 100,000
live births.
• The present MMR is 254 per 100,000 live birth as compared to
1990.
• Despite progress India is expected to fall short by 26 points by
2015.
• By 2015, India is expected to ensure only 62 percent of births in
institutional facilities with trained personnel.

13. Global Information
• 76 lakhs children under 5 died in 2010.
• During 1960-1990, child mortality in developing
region was halved to one child in 10 dying before
age five. The aim is to further cut child mortality
by two thirds from 1990 level.
• Reaching the MDG on reducing the child mortality
will require universal coverage with key effective,
affordable interventions like care for newborn and
mothers, Infant and young child feeding, vaccines,
prevention and case management of pneumonia,
diarrhea, malaria control and prevention and care
of HIV/AIDS.

14. MDG 6 : Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
Target
• By 2015 halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.
• Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all
those who need it.
• By 2015 halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other
major diseases.
Present status(India)
• India made significant stride in reducing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS.
Much of decline can be attributed to greater awareness and increasing
condom use.
• Malaria, both in terms of prevalence and death has declined.
• The diagnosis of malaria has declined from 1.74 % in 2005 to 1.52 % in
2009.
• Treatment success rate of TB has remained steady at 86-87 percent
over the last five years.

15. MDG 7 :Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Target
• Halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015.
• Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country
policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental
resources.
• Achieve a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million
slum dwellers by 2015.

16. Present Status (India)
• Forest cover has increased to 21% and protected areas cover to 4.83 % of
country’s total land area.
• The overall access to improved water sources increased from 68.2% in 1992-
93 to 84.4% in 2007-08.
• The proportion of households without toilet facilities declined from 70% to
51% in between 1991-92 to 2007-08.
• India is on track of achieving the MDG target of sustainable access to safe
drinking water.
• India being one of the most densely populated country and at current
progress country is unlikely to achieve the target of reducing the proportion
of household having no access to sanitation to 38 percent by 2015.
Global Information
• The percentage of world population using improved drinking water sources
increased from 77% to 87% between 1990 and 2008 and on track of meeting
global MDG drinking water target.
• In sanitation target, world is falling short and in 2008, 200.6 crore people
still had no access to a hygienic toilet or safe latrine.

17. MDG 8 : Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Target
• In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to
affordable essential drugs in developing countries.
• In cooperation with the private sector, make available the
benefits of new technologies, especially information and
communications.
• Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable non-
discriminatory trading and financial system.
Present status(India)
• India has emerged one of the major development partner for
fostering techno- economic and intellectual assistance to
countries across the world.
• The IT software, service and Information Technology Enabled
Services (ITES) sector have managed to catch up with global
leaders.

18. Global Information
• Availability of essential medicine at public
health facilities is still poor.
• In private sector, generic medicines cost
average six times than their international
reference.
• High price leads to unaffordable treatment.