Maize database is the most important database in the bioinformatics. so i hope it is beneficial to the B.Sc.in Agriculture and M.Sc. in Genetics and Plant Breeding.

1. Mr. Devkumar Arya
(Lecturer)
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
O.P. Agriculture College Budhwal, Behror, Alwar (Raj..),India
Affiliated to Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University,
Jobner,(Rajsthan),India
Email:devkumararya59@gmail.com

2. Contents
What is Database?
Classification of Database
What is the MaizeGDB?
Historical events
Homepage of MaizeGDB
Tools available in MaizeGDB
How can we use these tools in analysis
Funding sources

3. Introduction
A database is a collection of information that is
organized, which can be easily accessed,managed and
updated.
•Database are composed of computer hardware and
software for data management.The chief objective of the
development of a database is to organize data in a set of
structured records to enable easy retrieval of information.
for example, fields for names,phone
numbers,addresses,dates.
•Data retrieval is the main purpose of all
databases,biologiocal databases.
•The Bioinformatics is a known as Brain of Biotechnology.

4. Classification of Database
The database can be classified into various categories-
(A)Primary Nucleotide sequence database (GenBank,EMBL,DDBJ).
(B)Protein sequence database(COGs,Swiss-Prot,Pir,Uni-Prot).
(C)Protein structure database(CCDC,DSSP,SCOP,CATH,PDB).
(D)Sequence cluster database(Prodom,SYTERS,Prtotomap).
(E)Specialized database(CUGI,TIGR,UK CROP Net
,PlantGDB,MaizeGDB).
(F)Bibliographic database(Pubmed,Current Contents,AGRI Cola).
(G)Metabolic pathway and protein functional datadase(KEGG).

5. MaizeGDB
MaizeGDB(Genetics and Genomics Database)
is the community database for biological
information about the crop plant Zea mays.
Genetic, genomic, sequence, gene product,
functional characterization, literature
reference, and person/organization contact
information are among the data types stored
at MaizeGDB.
Database Components:
Genetic data centers
Genomic/sequence data centers
Gene product/functional
characterization data centers
Reference and person/organization
data centers

6. Historical Events
 A sample of seminal discoveries made by maize geneticists include:
Emerson”s contributions to the concepts of epistasis/gene interaction and
quantitative genetics .
Stadler”s research showing that X-rays cause mutation.
Beadle”s doctoral dissertation describing how irregular behavior of meitic
chromosomes causes heritable pollen production defects .
 Creighton and McClintock’s work showing that genetic crossing over is
accompanied by physical crossovers between chromosomes.
 Rhoades’ discovery of the cytoplasmic inheritance of male sterility .
McClintock’s description and characterization of tranposable elements
,which ultimately won her the Novel prize .

7. In the late 1920s it was recongnised by the community of geneticists that the
data they were recording needed organization ,publication and curation.
In 1991 the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research
Service(USDA_ARS).
MaizeBD was one of the first biological database to exist online,and it become
an indisepensable research tool utilized by maize geneticists worldwide.
In 1998,the Maize Genae discovery Project (MGDP) was funded by the National
Science Foundation,led by verginia Walbot and including 10 research groups.
The MGDP discovers new maize genes and develops tools for characterizing
maize mutants.
ZmDB was scheduled to shut down in september 2003 at the termination of the
MGDP.
 In september of 2001 the USDA-ARS began an initiative to combine MaizeDB
and ZMGB.

9. Tools available in MaizeGDB and their
function
Genome Browser-It is a tool of MaizeGDB which used for report an
assembly or annotation error.
Blast- Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, or BLAST, is an algorithm
for comparing similarity in biological sequences. It operates on such
sequences as the sequence of amino acids in proteins or the sequence
of nucleotides of DNA or RNA molecules.
Locus lookup- Tool is used primarily to find location of genes on the
B73 assembly.For other information about your gene, you may wish to
use the Data Center 'Gene/Gene models'.
Enter a locus name and this tool will return the best available
chromosomal coordinates.
Bin Viewer- Choose a region of the genome you're interested in from
the image, or read on to find out details about the genome.

10. Diversity SNPs-MaizeGDB is working with the Schnable lab, the
Panzea project, The Genome Reference Consortium, and iPlant
Collaborative to create a plan for archiving, dessiminating, visualizing,
and analyzing diversity data.
Newly Characterized Gene- CHECK HERE FOR DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEWLY CHARACTERIZED MAIZE GENES. With the overwhelming
number of genes that are being discovered by phenotypic and sequence
analyses, the MaizeGDB staff is missing some that should be included in
MaizeGDB.
Metabolic Pathways - CornCyc and MaizeCyc are comprehensive
metabolic pathway resources developed using the Pathway Tools
Software Suite in collaboration between MaizeGDB, the Plant Metabolic
Network (PMN) (CornCyc), and Gramene (MaizeCyc). MaizeGDB
curators performed literature-based manual annotation for both
resources.

11. Expression-MaizeGDB provides access to expression
datasets, analysis, and a variety of visualization and analysis
tools developed by partners and collaborator.
Hot New Papers-The MaizeGDB Editorial Board is
charged with the task of recommending noteworthy maize
primary literature on a monthly basis. This list highlights
research of interest to maize researchers and is appropriate for
use in by journal clubs. The inaugural board was convened in
January 2005 by Virginia Walbot.
PROJECT PORTAL- The Project Portal for corn
provides a single point of access for maize researchers by
providing a searchable database of maize projects and
resources, and by enabling researchers to retrieve data from
multiple sources with one sequence query.

12. Maize meeting- Maize Genetics Conference Information. Here, you
can find information about Maize Genetics Conferences past and present.
59th Annual Maize Genetics Conference
Union Station, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
March 9-12, 2017
60th Annual Maize Genetics Conference
Le Grand Large, Saint-Malo's Convention Center, France
March 22-25, 2018
Maize gene review- The goal is to provide an online extension of the
summaries provided in the Mutants of Maize, 1997, by M. Gerald
Neuffer, Edward H. Coe and Susan R. Wessler and where many
Cooperators provided short descriptions and images. These short
descriptions have been imported into MaizeGDB as a comment,
attributed to the contributor. See the comments for kn1, for an example.
see comment for kn1 attributed to Hake.

13. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The MaizeGDB team is dedicated to seeking out new data sources for
evaluation as materials to be archived in support of research applications.
(i) listing the availability of and contact information for tissue, organ and
inbred line-specific cloned sequence libraries.
(ii) creating a searchable maize transposon and repeat sequence database.
(iii) utilizing an editorial board to provide in-depth annotation of selected
publications.

14. Funding sources
1-USDA-United States Department of
Agriculture(httt://www.usda.gov)
2-NSF-National Science Foundation
NSF supports early stage innovation
across all tech sectors, from IoT to
biotech.
http://NSF.gov/SBIR #SmallBusinessW
eek
Database
Last update: May 2, 2017
Next update: June 6, 2017 ,

15. Referance
MaizeGDB, the community
database for maize genetics and
genomics.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Jin Xiong,Essential
Bioinformatics,2006,Cambridge
University Press,Cambridge,New York.
MaizeGDB
https://www.maizegdb.org/
MaizeGDB. - NCBI
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

16. Any query ?
Thank you for listening