Mainstreaming DRR into Development n Recovery: Experience sharing
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The presentation covered 3 case studies on mainstreaming Disaster risk reduction into development and recovery.
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Mainstreaming DRR into Development n Recovery: Experience sharing
- 1. Mainstreaming DRR into Development & Recovery: Experience sharing BSDMA, Patna; 2 December 2015 Sudhir Kumar DRR and Recovery Specialist
- 2. Chennai Foods Nov 2015 •246.5 mm rains in 24 hrs •169 deaths •Rs. 8481 cr. damage -------------- Phailin Cyclone Oct 2013 •220 kms/hr wind speed •44 deaths •Rs. 8902 cr damage & loss ---------------- • 452.4 mm rain in Nov 1976 • 650 to 27 water bodies • Phoenix mall sits on a lake-bed in Velachery. Orissa Super Cyclone of 1999 led to app.10,000 deaths Source: DNA Source: CNN Management improved Risk remained
- 6. Global discourse Yokohama Strategy 1994 UNISDR formed, 2000 Relief Act DRR through CCA, 4AMCDRR, 2010 SFDRR GAR (Report) Regional Framework and National DM Acts HFA 2005-15 1990 1999 2006 2011 2015 1st World Climate Conf. 1979 IPCC formed, 1988 Rio Earth Summit, 1992 GEF, UNFCC, 1994 4th Assessment Report, IPCC, 2007 SREX, IPCC, 2012 Kyoto Protocol, 1997 SDG Adaptation Fund, 2007
- 7. Climate, Disaster and Development Modified and Adapted from IPCC SREX, 2012 Geological Hazards
- 9. Mainstreaming • Integration? • Institutionalization? • A ‘process’… to make it a ‘normal process’ • Not an one off exercise… but rather continuous • Not an end in itself… rather a strategic approach 9 Main stream Side stream
- 10. Approach Step 1 •Understand the elements of development planning Step 3 •By superimposing the DRR and CCA framework on the Development planning framework identify – Policy/Strategy – Plan – Projects – Budgeting – M&E Step 2 •Understand the elements of DRR and CCA framework
- 11. Development Planning Framework, Philippines Budgeting Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Project Evaluation & Development Vision Investment Program Planning Environment Land Use & Physical Framework Physical Resources/ Transport Economic Activity Population Income & Services Development Issues, Goals, Objectives/Targets Strategies and PPAs Source: NEDA, Philippines
- 12. Mainstreaming Framework, Philippines Budgeting Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Project Evaluation & Development Vision Investment Program Planning Environment Land Use & Physical Framework Physical Resources/ Transport Economic Activity Population Income & Services Development Issues, Goals, Objectives/Targets Strategies and PPAs Risk Estimation Risk Evaluation Hazard Characterization/ Frequency Analysis Consequence Analysis Disaster Risk Assessment Development Planning Source: NEDA, Philippines
- 14. Case study: Nepal Source: Google.com
- 15. Background • One of the 20 most hazard-prone countries in the world • Entire country lies in a high earthquake intensity belt and ranks 11th in the world in terms of vulnerability • Highly prone to floods and between1971-2008, more than 2500 floods cases reported • Drought, Landslides, Epidemic, Fires, etc • Consistent warming and rise in the Max temp of 0.04- 0.06C/ yr observed Source : Oxfam , Nepal
- 16. Approach
- 17. Understand Risk: Hazard Assessment • Earthquake ( 500 years, 250 years, 100 years & 50 years return Period) • Floods (Inundation for 500 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years and 10 years Return Period) • Landslide (Precipitation and earthquake induced landslides) • Drought (Pre, during, post Monsoon and Winter) • Epidemics (Diseases and Outbreak)
- 18. Understand Risk: Climate Data Portal • Analysis of climatological / meteorological, geographical and projection data • Easy accessing historical station data, • Projected future climate change scenarios for: Assessing impacts and vulnerability in climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water resources, energy, health, etc.
- 19. DRR/CCA inclusion in Priority Ministry • National Planning Commission • Ministry of Home Affairs • Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development • Ministry of Urban Development • Ministry of Irrigation • Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment • Ministry of Education • 3 Pilot districts in 3 regions of Nepal
- 21. DRR in Local Development Planning District Development Planning Steps Activities under the Planning Step DRR/CCA Considerations District Development Committee (Pre- planning workshop • The DDC inform all key district level stakeholders about policies, objectives, programmes, as well as resources, activities of the Sectoral ministries, and the amount that can be budgeted for each VDC. • How to fill out project request forms for the settlement level is taught. • Policy statement discussion and dissemination should include DRM/CRM issues • The impact of recent disaster on different sectors and vulnerable groups in recent past especially in the district should be discussed • Directives to VDC and Municipalities to include DRM/CRM considerations in
- 22. Capacity building NASC: National Administrative Staff College ; LDTA: Local Development Training Academy; BTR&TC: Building Technology Research and Training Center; CTE&VT: Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training; APFTC: Armed Police Force Training Center
- 23. Initial success • LDTA adapted training into local context and implementing • Latrine design revised in a few districts under reducing Open defecation program • Box bridge design revised to allow unhindered flow of water
- 24. Myanmar Source : ASEAN Sec
- 25. Hazards in Myanmar • Coastal regions are exposed to cyclones, storm surges and tsunamis. • Rainfall-induced flooding: A recurring phenomenon across the country. • Whole country at risk from earthquakes, droughts and fires • Hilly regions exposed to landslide risks • Rainy days has reduced significantly in last few decades • In 2008, Cyclone Nargis led to death/ (missing) of more than 120,00 people • Huge floods in mid-2015 in central Myanmar
- 27. Key intervention: DRR/CCA Mainstreaming • National Course on Mainstreaming DRR/CCA steered by Planning Dept and Relief and Resettlement Dept • Included into existing planning training programs • DRR &CCA chapter/section in the 20-Year Development Plan (draft) • Risk consideration inclusion into provincial Development Planning on pilot basis • Capacity building on DRM &CRM inclusion at sub-national levels (Townships)
- 28. Initial success • Training course on Development Planning includes session on DRR mainstreaming • Selected schools in lower Myanmar raised foundation to avoid floods
- 31. Background : Gujarat Earthquake 2001 ….that too in the wake of two consecutive years of drought. • One of the worst earthquakes in the history of Gujarat • Over 1 crore people affected • 13,805 lives lost and 167,000 persons injured • More than 10 lakh houses damaged or destroyed
- 32. Steps involved in Housing Reconstruction Damage Assessment 3-member team, 5 categories [G-1 to G-5] Rubble Removal Individual/Contractor ; Guideline for Debris Disposal Temporary/Intermediate Shelter Repair/Reconstruction of Houses Rubble Removal Owner-driven/Public-private partnership
- 33. Housing Reconstruction • Owner driven: led by owner • PPP: Model for engagement of NGOs • Multi-hazard reconstruction • 20 model houses with seismic features • Material assistance provided through Material banks • Insurance for 10 years • Masons and Engineering training • Masons Certification program • Financial assistance in 3 installment to ensure quality • 3 party audit process
- 34. Urban Reconstruction 1367 460 988 987 1174 1108 1197 1170 1171 1364 79 78 77 76 75 72 71 70 69 66 1368 1304 1204 1305 1285 1326 1323 12841314 1322 13181317 1316 1315 1320 11959492 13291328 1327 140 142 141 143 144145 25 1324 1313 1312 1312 139 136 138 137 134 109 73 1374 108 107 110111 112 135 132 113 106 86 87 88 98 1389 1381 92 85 82 1388 1359 1358 947 934 933 149 158 144 141140 157 2272 162 161 163 164 168 169 3.30 939 170 171 172 173 144 175 176 177 178 183 184 182 181 180 238 938 937 935 400 399 179 237 398 239 253 397396 395 402 404 394 254 240 241 926 927928 932 401 459 406 407 946 945 944 943 958 948 949 960 955 950 951 952 953 929 . 930 940 941 942 982 983 985 986 1181 1273 1179 1180 160 1182 1183 1187 1186 1184 1185 1188 1189 1190 1191 152 153 154 155 156 2072 2132 2132 2127 2125 2125 2135 2134 2123 2146 1489 1488 1452 2129 1485 2110 2111 2109 2101 1483 1486 1453 1483 2112 2113 2113 21182120 2119 2121 1479 1472 1479 1473 1474 1413 2322 2113 2158 2151 2160 2159 1469 1468 1467 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1414 1438 1437 1417 1426 PLACEOF PIR 2392 770 777 778 2062 2149 2150 2151 2174 2061 2334 23352336 2331 2301 2311 2325 2327 2330 2321 2322 2329 23282313 2324 2326 2320 2319 2332 2318 2333 23372338 2310 2309 2317 2316 2315 2314 2308 2300 23122307 2306 2313 2302 2303 23042305 2360 2355 2357 2367 2299 2297 2373 2359 2376 2295 2296 2295 2292 2294 2387 2378 2377 2379 2386 2388 23852384 2380 2382 2390 2383 2381 2392 2393 775 773 772 771 701 700 602 769 607 2358 784 786 782 781 783 780 779 763 762 2356 794 795 793 792 792 785 787788 847 689 790 798 799 2371 2370 23682367 2366 2369 2356 797 796 2354 2362 2363 804. 2339 2353 2344 2342 2364 2348 2349 2350 2352 2351 810 803 802 801 811 2340 2143 2146 2148 21522153 2172 2345 2343 2347 2347 2341 21712160 2154 2156 2157 2155 21692168 2166 2165 2163 2162 828 827 805 806 807 829 1032 1033 1034 1065 1171 823 1026 1021 1020 832 825 824 1025 1066 1067 1068 1069 831832 813 814 817 815 816 800 853 856 834 822 821 818 820 846 839 843 844 819 833 837835 836 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911 898 894 895 897 905 914 915 919 920 921 918 910 916 913 912 911 909 896 908 907 465 466 467 566 565 468 405 403 931 106 936 184 995 1135 1456 1456 1429 2126 2065 2077 2077 774 776 746 875 757 2290 812 809 808 845 1022 866 868 2060 1504 1505 1514 1903 1902 1908 1904 1909 1995 1906 1915 1919 1922 2918 1916 1910 1503 1504 1502 2050 2053 2051 2059 2058 CHOWK GHODAR SONI VAD SHERI JETHI SEJWALA MATAM LEGEND 1367 460 988 987 1174 1108 1197 1170 1171 1364 79 78 77 76 75 72 71 70 69 66 1368 1304 1204 1305 1285 1326 1323 12841314 1322 13181317 1316 1315 1320 1195 9492 1329 1328 1327 140 142 141 143 144145 25 1324 1313 1312 1312 139 136 138 137 134 109 73 1374 108 107 110111 112 135 132 113 106 86 87 88 98 1389 1381 92 85 82 1388 1359 1358 947 934 933 149 158 144 141 140 157 2272 162 161 163 164 168 169 3.30 939 170 171 172 173 144 175 176 177 178183 184 182 181 180 238 938 937 935 400 399 179 237 398 239 253 397396 395 402 404 394 254 240 241 926 927928 932 401 459 406 407 946 945 944 943 958 948 949 960 955 950 951 952 953 929 . 930 940 941 942 982 983 985 986 1181 1273 1179 1180 160 1182 1183 1187 1186 1184 1185 1188 1189 1190 1191 152 153 154 155 156 2072 2132 2132 2127 2125 2125 2135 2134 2123 2146 1489 1488 1452 2129 1485 2110 2111 2109 2101 1483 1486 1453 1483 2112 2113 2113 21182120 2119 2121 1479 1472 1479 1473 1474 1413 2322 2113 2158 2151 2160 2159 1469 1468 1467 1466 1497 1496 1405 1404 1492 1493 2088 2102 2095 2016 2019 2090 2092 2106210521042103 2076 20752080 2079 2116 2084 2108 2107 2185 2073 2081 2114 2131 2138 2179 2083 2082 2067 2070 2068 2069 2066 2142 21412131 2143 2063 2064 2071 2015 14261417 1425 1423 1424 1448 1430 1430 1443 1443 1446 1447 14481445 1450 1455 1460 1460 1451 1457 1451 1032 1029 1452 1454 1459 1458 1476 1461 1466 1462 1464 1465 1461 1049 1050 10511052 1055 1053 10561061 1062 1063 1295 13011297 1300 1245 12601262 1214 717 29 1280 1279 1277 1276 1275 1274 1273 1211 1272 1271 1270 1221 1220 1224 1223 1222 1259 1258 1256 1257 1230 1231 12261225 10891090 1091 1042 1044 1043 1093 1092 1219 1217 1218 1255 1216 1094 1213 121212101209 125 1208 1207 1206 1205 1204 1343 1344 1345 1346 51 1350 1349 47 1397 1353 1354 1341 1340 1342 1352 1302 1303 1304 05 1339 1302 1246 1247 1262 1261 1253 1251 1251 1250 1239 1244 1240 1235 12343912551254 1249 1248 1337 1339 43 42 1440 1439 1336 1334 1413 1407 1406 1408 1409 14121411 1410 1416 1415 1414 1438 1437 1417 1426 PLACEOF PIR 2392 770 777 778 2062 2149 2150 2151 2174 2061 2334 23352336 2331 2301 2311 2325 2327 2330 2321 2322 2329 23282313 2324 2326 2320 2319 2332 2318 2333 23372338 2310 2309 2317 2316 2315 2314 2308 2300 23122307 2306 2313 2302 2303 23042305 2360 2355 2357 2367 2299 2297 2373 2359 2376 2295 2296 2295 2292 2294 2387 2378 2377 2379 2386 2388 23852384 2380 2382 2390 2383 2381 2392 2393 775 773 772 771 701 700 602 769 607 2358 784 786 782 781 783 780 779 763 762 2356 794 795 793 792 792 785 787788 847 689 790 798 799 2371 2370 23682367 2366 2369 2356 797 796 2354 2362 2363 804. 2339 2353 2344 2342 2364 2348 2349 2350 2352 2351 810 803 802 801 811 2340 2143 2146 2148 21522153 2172 2345 2343 2347 2347 2341 21712160 2154 2156 2157 2155 21692168 2166 2165 2163 2162 828 827 805 806 807 829 1032 1033 1034 1065 1171 823 1026 1021 1020 832 825 824 1025 1066 1067 1068 1069 831 832 813 814 817 815 816 800 853 856 834 822 821 818 820 846 839 843 844 819 833 837835 836 840 841 864 865 866 1013 876 874 873 754 852 851 850 849 760 859 854855 857762 872 863 858 861 756753 752 751 749 734 737 728739 735 746 748 761 755 759760 754 750 742 736 740 741 733 767726 720 727 728 725 729 710 768 765 764 623 766 721 722 724 743 747745 648 731 730 732 922923 924 925 974 973 972 971 970 969 965 966 967 968 957956 954 961 962 959 963 968 974 994 975 887 977 979 999998 992 976 991 993 990 989 981 980 1154 1157 1156 1155 1152 1153 1176 1177 1175 1158 1159 1127 1128 1123 1160 1161 1122 1162 1163 1121 1117 1198 1199 1169 1168 1164 1165 1166 1167 1103 1097 1098 1218 1104 1095 1096 1086 1087 1088 1073 1074 1006 1075 1097 1084 1085 1079 1080 1099 12001202 1119 1121 1122 1134 1101 1130 1082 1081 1131 1077 1078 1070 1137 1138 1139 1076 1011 1042 1010 1009 1143 1140 1145 1141 1144 1132 1133 890 1150 1149 1142 1146 1147 11481151 1003 1005 867 1000 1001 1002 1004 1007 1008 869 870 871 878 890 889 888 877 879 884 883 887 886 996 891 892 893 885 882 881 910 902 903 904 899 900 911 898 894 895 897 905 914 915 919 920 921 918 910 916 913 912 911 909 896 908 907 465 466 467 566 565 468 405 403 931 106 936 184 995 1135 1456 1456 1429 2126 2065 2077 2077 774 776 746 875 757 2290 812 809 808 845 1022 866 868 2060 1504 1505 1514 1903 1902 1908 1904 1909 1995 1906 1915 1919 1922 2918 1916 1910 1503 1504 1502 2050 2053 2051 2059 2058 CHOWK GHODAR SONI VAD SHERI JETHI SEJWALA MATAM LEGEND Before Town Planning Scheme Bhuj, Gujarat, India • In-situ or relocation •Implementation of Town and Development Plan
- 35. Success • Considered to be a model recovery and reconstruction program and was awarded UN Sasakawa Award • Masons certification program integrated into development phase
- 37. Take away • Mainstreaming DRR is challenging and a long-haul intervention • DRR Agency is only a facilitator while Planning, Finance, Public works, Education, Heath, etc. to lead • Convergence of DRR, CCA and Development • Risk information of usable scale is important • National/Sub-national training institutions key for sustainability • Demand driven DRR to complement supply- driven DRR