Presentation by Ousmane Diallo, Water Resources & Environment Specialist, GEF Project & Shared Vision Coordinator (NBA) at the International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo - December 2004

1. NNIIGGEERR BBAASSIINN AAUUTTHHOORRIITTYY ((NNBBAA))
International Conf erence on
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT
December 7-9, 2004
(Tokyo Pri nce Hot el , Tokyo, Japan)
“IWRM in Practice - Operationalising IWRM at Basin Level”
Niger River Basin Case study
By Ousmane S. DIALLO, Wat er Res ources & Envi ronment
Spec i al i s t , GEF Proj ec t & Shared Vi s i on Coordi nat or
(NBA)

2. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
Niger River Basin: Rational
and Stakes for Integrated Water
Resources Management

3. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
Overview
I. Niger River Basin: Background
II. IWRM at a glance
III.IWRM in Niger River Basin
IV.Niger River Basin: GEF Project
V. Lessons learned
VI. Conclusions

4. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
I. Niger River Basin: Location & Background
 Main f eatures:
 a crucial asset shared
by nine countries
among the poorest in
the World (Beni n,
Burki na Fas o,
Cameroon, Cot e
d’I voi re, Gui nea,
Mal i , Ni ger,
Ni geri a and Chad);
 an important source
of livelihoods for the
region;
 the 3rd longest
Af rica’s river & the
14th in the World
(4,200 km);
 the 9th in the world
largest river Basin
(2,2 millions km² ).

5. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
I. Niger River Basin: Layout of the Basin

6. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
I. Niger River Basin: Background
 Socio- economics:
 The population of the basin is estimated at 107
millions of people (2000) (42% of the West Af rican
population).
 Population will be 207 millions people in 2020, (the
double) while the potential of NR f eeding this
population will decrease.
 The River is important for water supply,
agriculture, hydropower generation, f isheries,
livestock development, etc.
 The total GDP of the countries was 70 Billion US$
in 2000 with an average growth rate of less than
3%. The average GDP per inhabitant in the
countries is US$ 350 (less than US$ 300 for
sahelian countries).

7. Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
II. IWRM at a glance
Integrated Water Resources WHY?
Management (IWRM)
Countries are facing serious water resources challenges that call
for a new water management f ramework.
IWRM relates to the macro- economy: Poor water resources
management has negative impacts on health, environment and
the economy, jeopardizing poverty reduction ef forts.
IWRM is a process which can assist developing countries in
achieving of MDGs.
IWRM process is the backbone of commitments to international
agreements: Transboundary visions and co- operation.

8. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
II. IWRM at a glance
Integrated Water Resources WHAT IS?
Management (IWRM)
Implementing IWRM process is a question of getting the
“three pillars” right.
Integrated vision
Environmental
sustainability
Social
equity
Economic
ef f iciency
Integrated tools for planning and decision making
1- Enabling environment
2- Institutional f ramework
3-Management instruments

9. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
II. IWRM at a glance
Integrated Water Resources HOW?
Management (IWRM)
Establish
Status,
Goals &
Agendas
Build
Political
Commitment
to Reform
Process
Analyse
Gaps
Prepare
Strategy &
Action Plan
Build
Commitment
to Actions
Monitor &
Evaluate
Progress
Implement
Frameworks
The Integrated Water Resources Management Cycle

10. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
III. IWRM in Niger Basin - The strategic f ramework
I W R M
(Political will, Strategy, Resources mobilization)
AFRICA WATER VISION
WEST AFRICA WATER VISION
(2nd WWF)
AFRICAN UNION
NEPAD TRANSBOUNDARY WATER RESOURCES
(Shared basins, Water security, Regional integration)
Shared
Vision
GEF
Project
European
& Other
Initiatives

11. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
III. IWRM in Niger Basin - Shared vision: Critical
elements
“Water resources are variable and f inite"
“Political borders crossing natural borders”
«Silting of Midle
Niger Basin »
“Population growth”
“Economic growth”
“Pollution”
“Tensions between water users”
“Floods and Droughts”
“Degradation of natural resources”

12. IIWWRRMM IWRM iinn in Practice: PPrraaccttiiccee:: OOppeerraattiioonnaalliissiinngg Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
III. Shared vision = Niger Basin version of IWRM
Niger River Basin Development
challenge is
INTEGRATED LAND AND WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE BASIN
HOW?
DEVELOPING A SHARED VISION

13. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
III. IWRM in Niger Basin - Shared vision
Towards an ef fective Cooperation for sustainable development
Environment
DegradationSustainability
Politics
Balance of
compromises
DisputeCooperation
Economics
FragmentationIntegration

14. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
III. IWRM in Niger Basin - Shared vision
Framework for planning & action to address common
challenges: poverty reduction, potable water & sanitation,
health, food security, peace, economic development, etc.
The Shared vision = a set of long- term objectives &
commitment to a program of actions;
Opportunity for good governance of shared water
resources, for a cooperative & sustainable development of
the Basin;
Ef f ective tool for conf licts prevention and resolution among
users, uses, development & environmental goals;
Commitment of the riparians to enhance a regional dialogue
and to stop f ruitless unilteral approach.

15. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
III. IWRM in Niger Basin: European Union Water Initiative
 The EUWI for Af rica has two main components:
 River basin management;
 Provision of water supply and sanitation.
 The Mission Statement:
Facilitate the implementation of ef fective IWRM programs
through technical support, coordinated f inancing, dialogue and
partnerships;
 Work with riparian governments and other stakeholders to
establish and/or strengthen river basin management, institutions
and programs.
 The suggested focus for Niger River Basin:
Fund the second phase of the Shared vision: Development of a
Sustainable Development Action Plan (SDAP);
Strengthen organizational f rameworks (capacity building,
coordination of activities, etc. );
Explore new f inancing mechanisms;
Support involvement of civil society on interests based approach.

16. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project - IW OP9
“Revers i ng l and and wat er degradat i on
t rends i n t he Ni ger Ri ver Bas i n”
Project global objectives:
To reduce and prevent transboundary water related
environmental degradation, through cooperative integrated
management of the basin, while ensuring greater public
involvement in the decision- making process.
Project development objective:
To provide the riparians countries, an opportunity to def ine
a transboundary f ramework for sustainable development of
the basin land and water resources, through strenghened
capacity and better understanding of the critical issues.

17. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
C4- Regional Forum
Project
Implemen-tation
C5- Demonstration
pilots & SGP
C6- TDA & SAP
preparation
C1- Institution building
C2- Capacity building
C3- Data management
Strategic Action Programme
(SAP) formulation
Agreement
between the
9 NBA Countries,
WB & UNDP
Continue in
Phase 3

18. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project
Land & Water are basic to Production, and Production
is clearly a factor of Poverty reduction.
To address Poverty reduction, the Project will focus on:
Meeting human basic needs;
Environmental degradation;
Water degradation, health and loss of productivity;
Soil degradation and loss of productive land;
Risk management, f loods and droughts;
Community- based driven interventions (Pilots & SGP);
Local community capacity building/strengthening.
The linkages between the GEF Project and country’s PRSP
contribute to promote growth and reduce poverty, as well as
external f inancing needs.

19. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project:
What is TDA/SAP?
The TDA
Transboundary: Projects are undertaken only when there are
water management issues which cross the boundary between
two or more countries.
Diagnostic Analysis: Problems are analysed through a
scientif ic diagnosis of causes and ef f ects.
The SAP
Strategic: Solutions usually involve long- term administrative
or legal strategies in each country.
Action Programme: The project is not complete until a plan
for practical implementation of the solution has been agreed.

20. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project: TDA/SAP
Two dif f erent types of TDA/SAP
project with dif f erent aims:
A. REMEDIAL
To help countries to change
human activities which threaten,
or have already damaged, a
water body or its drainage basin.
B. PREVENTATIVE
To achieve environmental benef its
by integrating the management and
sustainable development of land and
water resources.
This is OP 8
of the GEF
This is OP 9
of the GEF
All GEF projects aim to work as a
catalyst to achieve more global
environmental benef its.
To strengthen the many
other national and
international
Programs which have
responsibility for action.

21. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project
KEY PRINCIPLES OF THE TDA / SAP APPROACH
International experience has shown that there will not be much
progress unless the following principles are followed f rom start
to the end:
CONSULTATION / FULL STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
All stakeholders must be genuinely consulted and their views
have to be taken into account, before any decision is taken.
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT / “LEARNING BY DOING”
Monitoring, adjusting and revising at each step of the
work.
COMMITMENT
People responsible must make commitments to take action,
at each step of the project.

22. IWRM in Practice: Operationalizing IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project: The main players & Synergies
Heads of State AfDB Program
(Summit)
NBA Council of
Ministers
Niger Basin Authority Executive Secretariat
(NBA/ES)
Technical Department
Nat i onal
Coordi nat i on
Uni t s
(NCU-Af DB)
(9) National Project
Teams
Benef iciaries
GEF Project
Regional Steering
Committee for GEF
and AfDB (RSC)
Sub Scientif ic
and Technical
Committee
(STC)
(9) National Steering
Committees (NSC)
Local Coordination
Committees (LCC)
Local
Techni cal
Commi t t ees
Project Management
Coordination Unit
(PMCU)
NBA
Organization
Regional National Local

23. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project: The four Steps in GEF IW
TDA/SAP Process
Step I: Project
development
Step II: TDA
execution
- Stakeholder consultation
- Conduct stakeholder analysis
- Project design and approval
- Formation of Team and
Management
- Identif y & prioritise
transboundary issues
- Technical issues analysis
(CCA)
- Political / Governance
analysis
- Prepare and adopt TDA
Step IV: SAP implementation Step III: SAP preparation
- Long- term EcoQOs
- Feasability study of options
- Operational objectives & targets
- Institutional f ramework
- Interventions development
- Design of monitoring/evaluation
system
- Approval and funding
- Monitor and Evaluate
progress
- Build capacity
- Develop synergies with
other initiatives
- Link SAP with SDAP of
Shared vision
- Draw lessons

24. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
IV. Niger Basin GEF Project
Putting the IWRM into practice at shared basin level:
the role of the TDA/SAP Process
PROJECT
DEVELOP-MENT
TDA
SAP
SAP
IMPLEM-TATION
ENABLING
ENVIRONMEN
T
INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
MANGEMENT
INSTRUMENTS
Institutional
Analysis
Legal/Policy
Analysis
Stakeholder
Analysis &
Consultations

25. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
V. Lessons learned
1. Context is critically important: IWRM in NRB, is a complex
process: (i) high number of decision makers at the highest
political level, (ii) social & cultural background, and
economic situations of each riparian country, (iii)
geographical diversity.
2. For the poorest countries, the initial focus is on crucial &
urgent issues. The NRB planning process of IWRM is
putting emphasis strongly on how to attain the UN MDGs.
3. Linkages between basin level and riparian countries level:
convergence and complementarities; transition towards a
more integrated approach.
4. The problems are more of institutional nature, that is
GOVERNANCE, rather than technical. There is a crucial
need for a long- term vision.

26. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
V. Lessons learned
5. The GEF project contributes to alleviate poverty
I nt erac t i ve part i c i pat i on of various stakeholder
groups (public & private sectors, civil society, regional,
national & local levels) is a key for community ownership.
The pot ent i al of t he vari ous NR of the basin can be
developed and managed, through national actions
implemented in compliance with the regional f ramework.
I nt egrat ed devel opment of the transboundary NR on
the basis of win- win principles, increases sustainable
exploitation and enhances productivity.
I nt egrat ed devel opment of these transboundary NR will
promote socio- economic development of the riparian
countries and enhance cooperation for the protection of
the environment.

27. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
V. Lessons learned
6. The GEF IW TDA/SAP Process: a tool to operationalise
IWRM at shared basin level
TDA/SAP Proces s may be used to build commitment to
reforms and to actions through: political will, awareness,
multi- stakeholder dialogue and f inance identif ication.
The TDA execut i on phas e gives opportunity to establish
status and goals and analyze gaps by identif ication and
prioritization of transboundary issues, joint fact- f inding
to ensure regional ownership (process & products).
The TDA execut i on phas e can be s hort en: During the
Project development phase (PDF- A phase), a preliminary
TDA has been prepared and will be f inalized during the
TDA execution phase.
Synergi es devel oped wi t h Af DB Program, are key for
complementarities, resources optimization and future uses.

28. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
VI. Conclusions
Challenges for (i)
Poverty reduction,
(ii) Water sharing,
and (iii)
Sustainable
development in the
basin
GGEEFF PPRROOJJEECCTT
II WW RR MM
OTHER
OTHER
INITIATIVES
INITIATIVES
SHARED
VISION
SHARED
VISION
The joint work needs new partnerships and good coordination.

29. IWRM in Practice: Operationalising IIWWRRMM iinn NNiiggeerr BBaassiinn
Thank you for your attention