The document summarizes two ELT methods: the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) and the Cognitive-Code Approach (CCA). The ALM gained popularity in the 1950s and emphasized speaking and listening over reading and writing. It was based on behaviorism and focused on habit formation through repetition drills. The CCA emerged in response to criticisms of the ALM and emphasized mental processes over habit formation. It gave more importance to learner understanding and meaningful practice of the four language skills. Both approaches are now seen as limited since the ALM did not allow for errors and the CCA lacked specific classroom techniques.