Mahindra In South Africa

Mahindra in South Africa
MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA IN SOUTH AFRICA
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION
Mahindra and Mahindra is a leading multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in
Mumbai, India which started as a steel trading company in 1945 by two brothers J.C Mahindra and
K.C Mahindra. M&M has a labour force of 13000 and in 2001 profit before tax was 45 billion
rupees. Currently the company has also extended its operations to small turbo prop aircraft and has a
presence in the transportation media across land, sea and sky. M&M see's South Africa as a
growth market which is competitive and fragmented. M&M will also use South Africa as a
globalization strategy.
Shah is considering the following four options: * Signing an agreement with a ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Using a local vendor even though M&M did not have competence in the certification of the
locally assemble vehicles, will mean a departure from the norm of M&M.
Investing in M&M's own manufacturing facility will buttress their mission of being a long term
player in the automobile industry. It will also demonstrate to their customers their commitment to
the local market which is a major factor in an industry where after sales service such as warrant is a
crucial factor in attracting sales. Also, setting up its own manufacturing plant will present an
opportunity to lock in customers at the beginning of the growth curve in the South African market.
Raising funds will not be a problem for M&M as they operate as a cash surplus company.
M&M will take advantage of the APDP programme and enjoy tax rebates. M&M will
however be under pressure to sustain high production level just to break–even but they will
eventually make profits in the long term.
The watch and wait option will allow M&M to use the recessionary period to reduce fixed
costs through outsourcing and streamline operations particularly for shipping and port related work.
It will also improve its business processes and enlarge the reach and quality of its dealer network.
However, M&M will continue to pay a higher rate of 25% in excess of taxes on import duties
as compared with its local assemblers and manufacturers.
Use South
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Made in Dagenham
6) What does made in Dagenham tell us about aspects of 'the women question?" for instance what
are women like? What do they want? What is their proper sphere? You may wish to comment upon
how the film works as a film for instance framing images, music, and characterization. Etc.
Made in Dagenham
The film "Made in Dagenham" directed by Nigel Cole is based on a true story but is not completely
accurate with politically history. East London, Essex, on June 8 1968, 187 women machinist's
workers when on strike for equality. They went on strike for three weeks, the ford plant at which
they worked at had to stop production, of the product due to the lack of sew seats. They were
successful in getting rid of their lower rates of pay. It was only ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This strike helped empower other women in the same situation to fight for rights in the work force.
The second reading of the debate of the bill, machinists got be to cited next to MP Shirley
Summerskill due to playing an important part in history for the struggle of equal pay. When the UK
joined the European union in 1973, became under the subject of article 119 of the 1957 treaty of
Rome. That specifies that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work. All the women
were in the union; it was a strong force to backed them up. In 1983, the "Equal Value Amendment
Regulations" passed as an amendment to the Equal Pay Act. The European Court of Justice had
found that UK legislation was not sufficient to provide for equal work for equal value for all
employees. The new legislation gave women the right to go to an employment tribunal on a new
ground: that they felt their work was of equal value to men in the same organization. The women at
Ford used this to challenge Ford's discriminatory job evaluation scheme, but the employment
tribunal ruled against them and turned down their appeal in 1984. With their renewed hopes once
again unfulfilled by the law, the women at Ford took strike action in December 1984. (Source 4)
Did the men support them?
Some workingmen helped the women in the strike. The husbands that worked in the ford plant
supported their wife's throughout the strike.

Outline the Inequality Problems That Persist in Terms of...
Wikipedia
The Equal Pay Act 1970 is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament which prohibits any less
favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. It
was passed by Parliament in the aftermath of the 1968 Ford sewing machinists strike[1][2][3][4] and
came into force on 29 December 1975. The term pay is interpreted in a broad sense to include, on
top of wages, things like holidays, pension rights, company perks and some kinds of bonuses. The
legislation has been amended on a number of recent occasions to incorporate a simplified approach
under European Union law that is common to all member states.
Equal pay for women is an issue regarding pay inequality between men and women. It is often
introduced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8 percent is the result of the fact that older women had poorer educational attainment. Another way
of explaining the gaps is to analyse the problem in terms of three broad themes:
Under–valuing of women's work
An employment penalty for mothers
Gender segregation
http://assembly.coe.int/documents/workingdocs/doc05/edoc10484.htm
C. The wage gap
17. There are several dimensions to the problem of the wage gap: First, there is the classic case of a
man and a woman doing exactly the same job (whether in a factory or on the stock market floor),
but the woman being paid less for it. This used to be a common problem, especially in Western
Europe, and many countries have outlawed this type of wage discrimination – there even exists an
ILO Convention designed to eliminate it21, dating back to 1951, as well as a 1975 European
Council Directive22. But, as several recent studies conclude, even this type of classic wage
discrimination persists in many countries, which prompted the European Commission to issue a
(non–binding) "Code of Practice on the implementation of equal pay for work of equal value of
women and men" as recently as 199623. For example, a Eurostat study of 2003 showed that the
average earnings of women in full–time employment in the EU (at that time, of 15 member states)
stood at only 70–90% of those of men. Similarly,

The History of Labor Unions Essay
During the Progressive Era of the Gilded Age, many laborers were being mistreated by the
companies that they worked for. Because of this, workers started forming labor unions or organized
association of workers, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. Many of these labor
unions failed, while few of them achieved their goals and still exist today. Many factors contributed
to the failure of these labor unions. The labor unions were given a bad image, the reason for this was
the media, and they did this by publishing articles depicting the unions as violent, communist
groups. The government supported big business during this time, since the government had a lot of
power; this was a huge setback in the labor unions' battles. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The words chosen by the writer suggests that they do not agree with the actions of the labor unions.
Other times, the newspapers would associate them with violence. During the Great Railroad Strike
of 1877, Charles M. Dollar Along with seeing labor movements as radical, many labor movements
were labeled socialist by the media. In the cartoon in Document C, the labor movement is shown to
be influenced by socialist controls. Considering the generally negative connotation that came with
communism in the United States, when newspapers like Harper's Weekly labeled organized labor as
socialist, many people developed a negative attitude towards organized labor. The disapproval of
organized labor was not exclusive to the American public but also the federal government. During
the late 20th century, the Supreme Court became increasingly conservative on the issue of organized
labor. In the Supreme Court case In re Debs, the court ruled that federal government controlled
interstate commerce and was obligated to keep the railroads from obstructions and in that specific
case, strikes or protests. The fact that a good portion of the American public and the federal
government saw organized labor as a detriment; it was no surprise that organized labor

Greece
Background on Greece's Debt Crisis "You cannot spend more than (what) you earn...you should not
borrow more than (what) you can afford." This, according to an editorial published by the Greek
newspaper Kathimerini, may be the lesson Greeks are now learning the hard way.1 Unrestrained
spending of successive Greek governments over a long period may have driven the country's budget
and current account deficits.2 Greece borrowed heavily from international capital markets to finance
public sector jobs, pensions and other social benefits.3 As deficits and the country's debt burden
grew, the governments just kept on borrowing. 4 When Greece joined the eurozone in 2001, it
gained monetary stability and was able to borrow at lower interest rates – ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With the lowest rating in the eurozone, Greek bonds are now viewed as a highly risky investment by
foreign investors.9 Consequently, Greek bond yields increased in 2010. Greek 10–year bond yields
used to be 10 to 40 basis points above German 10year bonds prior to the crisis. However, with the
crisis, the spread increased to over 400 basis points in January 2010. This high bond spread further
underscores investors' loss of confidence in the Greek economy. 10 In April 2010, Eurostat, the
Statistical Office of the European Communities, estimated Greece's budget deficit to be 13.6% of
GDP – almost a full percentage higher than the 12.7% estimate
1 2
"Back down to earth with a bang,"
http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_1_08/03/2010_115465 For example, see
"Is Greece Heading for Default?," Oxford Economics, January 29, 2010. "Q&A: Greece's economic
woes," http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8508136.stm "Q&A: Greece's financial crisis explained,"
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/02/10/greek.debt.qanda/index.html 3 Wikipedia. "2010
European Sovereign Crisis," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_European_sovereign_debt_crisis 4
"Back down to earth with a bang,"
http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_1_08/03/2010_115465 5 "Q&A: Greece's
economic woes," http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8508136.stm 6 European Commission –
Eurostat. "Europe in Figures: Eurostat Yearbook 2009" 7 Congressional Research

Essay on Sweden’s Position on Personal Privacy in Cyberspace
Sweden's Position on Personal Privacy in Cyberspace
The Internet and computer age has enabled people to work faster and more efficiently, with
practically unlimited access to information. As much as the technology boom has made our lives
easier, as with most good inventions, there is some negativity that must be dealt with. The
dissemination of information on the global network has put personal privacy at risk. Obviously, we
are not going to give up new technologies that enrich human life for the sake of maintaining our
privacy; however, measures must be taken to keep the public, or government, from abusing the
Internet and computer databases for malevolent reasons. Every country in the world has its own
policies on human rights to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chapter 1, Article 2 of the Instrument of Government Act deals specifically with Swedish
fundamental rights to privacy as provided by the government. This article promises that the
government will conduct itself "with respect for the equal rights of all and the liberty and dignity of
the private person." Moreover, the "public institutions shall secure equal rights for men and women
and protect the private and family lives of private persons."[2] The Swedish Constitution also
guarantees individual protection against body searches, house searches, mail and other written
correspondence searches, and eavesdropping on telephone conversations (Chapter 2, Article 6). In
perusing Chapter 2 in its entirety, protection from political and religious discrimination is very
important to Swedes. The articles within this chapter unequivocally declare Swedish and foreign
national rights to gather, assemble, worship, express, have access to information, and to associate
with public institutions of their choosing.
Sweden enacted laws concerning personal privacy several years before the European Union did and
is even considered the forbearer of such landmark legislation in the entire world.[3] Such legislation
that will be discusses within this paper include the Data Act of

Apush Ch 18
odUS History Review Test 18 The Rise of Industrial America, 1865 – 1900 1. The World's
Columbian Exposition in 1892 was [A] a meeting held in the District of Columbia to expose
industrial working conditions. [B] the Chicago World's Fair. [C] a summit conference of North and
South American governments held in Colombia to promote industrial development in the Americas.
[D] the first international labor relations conference held at Columbia University in New York City.
[E] the meeting held in Chicago by the leaders of the major industrial unions, to find a method of
cooperating in the struggle against big corporations. 2. The Interstate Commerce Commission was
established to [A] investigate and oversee railroad activities. [B] encourage ... Show more content
[B] a bookkeeper in the textile industry in his native Scotland. [C] a foreman in the meatpacking
industry in Chicago. [D] a bartender at an Edinburgh pub. [E] a secretary for the Singer Sewing
Machine Company. 11. What did Andrew Carnegie consider "the eighth wonder of the world"? [A]
the United States Constitution [B] the manufacturing process of the steel business [C] the telegraph
[D] the American railroad system [E] J.P. Morgan's creation of United States Steel Corporation out
of Carnegie Steel and Federal Steel 12. The United States Steel Company was [A] the steel company
operated by the United States government when it nationalized the steel trust. [B] the first business
capitalized at more than $1 billion. [C] Andrew Carnegie's steel company. [D] created by J.P.
Morgan to compete with Federal Steel. [E] the first company to issue stock to meet its huge capital
needs.
2
13. One of the secrets of John D. Rockefeller's success was that he [A] paid attention to the
minutest details. [B] was able to drive most other steel manufacturers into bankruptcy. [C] did not
waste a lot of money on advertising. [D] concentrated on the "big picture" and did not get bogged
down in details. [E] pioneered a division of labor in which he concentrated on financial matters and
delegated the technical operations of the industry to his managers. 14. The Sherman Anti–Trust Act
[A] was passed because Congress feared that the trusts would stamp out

Short Essay 2
Theo 201 B27 201220
Short Essay # 2 Short Essay on Christology
What is the biblical basis for Jesus' humanity?
Jesus' humanity was and is far from being comparable to ours as man created from the ground than
to Him coming to form through Spirit. On the other hand being born from a sinless virtue.
What is the biblical basis for deity?
Several basis of deity is that demonstration would show of God–like attributes, teachings being
consistent and correspond to the wisdom of God. As Jesus' deity he showed all the above that I had
mentioned as well as claiming to be God. As well as it says in the Bible John 1:1, "the Word was
God"
Explain how Jesus can be both God and Man at the same time (Hypostatic Union).
Jesus can be both God ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That to Him is saying that you are the son of the father of lies.
What are the common objections to the traditional understanding of Christology, and how do you
respond to them?
Some objections were it being a philosophical idea than it being historical revelation. Another was
that there is no divine production of the world or there being three different people but as a union.
There's another one saying that Jesus didn't fully become man and didn't have the true things of
man. How I would respond to this is by starting off with saying yes it is true that He didn't fully
become man, but He still have all things that man have reason is because He would not be able to
come to save our souls and prolong our lives as well as being kept from condemnation to the point
where you won't have no chance to tell God who you are. We would have been sent straight to hell
without no anymore chances at all. But for Apollinaris saying He didn't have any man–like qualities
or attributes that will show that He has came to us as a man.
In what ways is Christ in his humanity an example to you?
He is an example to me in a way that Love will and can conquer all. Also, being led by the Father
leads you in the right direction, give you knowledge and wisdom to do or say. That trusting in Him
you can receive things that are really more substantial than material

Business Report of Caterpillar Inc. Essay
Business Report of Caterpillar Inc.
Data and information relative to Caterpillar, Inc. was collected via the internet. Current information
was crucial to keeping the report timely and accurate. The five members assigned to the group wrote
one section per person. Research was conducted on a separate basis, and construction of the report
was on a group level. Each team member is responsible for their own assigned areas and nothing
more.
Financial Analysis Caterpillar is a publicly traded corporation listed on the New York Stock
Exchange. It's SIC codes indicate their main areas of enterprise are construction machinery, internal
combustion engines, and short term business credit and insurance. But this dynamic company has
many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Caterpillar, obviously, has taken on a large amount of risk to itself because of this. If Caterpillar
were forced to liquidate its assets and pay off its debt, it would have a very hard time trying.
Therefore, Caterpillar's receivable account is a real weakness to the corporation as a whole.
Inventories
Inventories have been valued $871 million, an increase of $150 million from last year. This can be
viewed in a multitude of ways. Caterpillar may be expecting larger sales volume, and are trying to
compensate. Caterpillar could have inventory control problems. Usually, inventory increases are
viewed as a negative with a company that should be in theory practicing a just in time approach.
Cash
Cash on hand is $398 million. This is only a $110 million increase from December 31, 1999. This
means relatively little, as the cash flows for the corporation is what really matters. One look at the
statement of cash flows indicates that Caterpillar keeps capital expenditures consistent quarter after
quarter. The change in cash and short–term investments indicate the company is removing most of
its liquidity. The movement from cash has been used to alleviate its debt.
Property, Plant, and Equipment Spending on longer–term assets has not fluctuated much for the past
two years. This means they are not putting much money into production. A good deal of profit is
spent increasingly on research and development and financing

Gay Marriage: A Right That Is to Be Accepted Essay
Just how much in America, or anywhere in general, that accept people for their choices? To be
honest, there isn't many places on the PLANET that does so. Currently only about 16 states in the
united states have made gay rights legal, meaning only sixteen states in an entire country with 50
states allow gay marriage.("Where State Laws Stand") I want to take a stand for gay marriages, and
why it should be legal.
Most people agree and disagree about legalizing gay marriages. To be honest, is it really a big issue?
If gay marriages become legal, it won't end the world. Social Science Quarterly have even found
that "Laws permitting same–sex marriage have no effect on marriage, divorce and abortion rates".
(Langbein) This example shows that gay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, study shows that children adopted by same–sex couples are just as well adjusted as
heterosexual couples. ( Farr ) This shows that children raised by same–sex parents won't affect them
any less than heterosexual parents. So to conclude it all, gay couples could give children at
orphanages a home, and that the fact that kids raised by same–sex couples won't be any difference
than being raised by heterosexual couples. Most homophobic or religious people will probably tell
you that gay marriages are sins against God, therefore should not be legalized. Thier claims quoted
by Congregation for Doctrine of the Faith and approved by Pope John Paul the second, states
"Marriage was established by the creator with it's own nature, essential properties and purpose. No
ideology can erase from the human spirit the certainly that marriage exists solely between a man and
a women."( Card Joseph ) Stating that since life is born between a man and woman, gay marriage
would go against the nature of that. Despite opposition, I am still convinced that marriage for same–
sex couples should be legal. Just because some groups of people dont like the idea of same–sex
privilages shouldn't change the fact that marriage is marriage. In the document :"Cleveland Board of
Education v. LaFleur" ,it further proves this statement by simply stating: "Freedom of personal
choice in matters of marriage and family

Impact of GSP Plus Status on Pakiston's Economy Essay
IMPACTS OF GSP PLUS STATUS ON PAKISTAN'S ECONOMY
During last days Pakistan succeeded to secure the long awaited duty–free access to the European
markets for four years, by winning Generalized Scheme of Preferences (GSP) Plus status with an
impressive count of votes.
The EU's "Generalized Scheme of Preferences" (GSP) gives developing countries a vital access to
EU markets and contributes to their economic growth by allowing their exporters to pay lower
duties on their exports to the EU.
GSP PLUS status will allow 20 per cent of Pakistani products to enter 27 EU countries without any
tariffs and 70 percent on preferential rates. This would enable Pakistan to export more than one
billion dollar worth textile goods to the international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further government needs to formulate a comprehensive policy to salvage the textile industry
because exporters and manufacturers will not benefit from GSP Plus trade facility if facing the
problems like chronic energy shortages, high cost of production, , worsening law and order and
uncompetitiveness in international markets.
"Pakistan have to overcome complacency, inefficiency, corruption, bureaucratic bottlenecks,
infrastructure problems and energy crisis to fully exploit the potential of the GSP plus status that has
recently been given to it by the European Union," said Syed Jawaid Iqbal, Chairman, SouthAsia
Forum.
The status quo also raises questions over the country's ability and preparedness to meet the demand
for textile products of EU countries and benefit fully from the GSP Plus status. Cotton's local
demand is expected to be increasing as Domestic Textile industry may require additional quantity of
million cotton bales during the year. Cotton prices are also increased to Rs.100/Munds in the local
market. These prices might further increase due to restoration of gas supply to Punjab base textile
mills. Cotton production for the next year is also estimated as 13millions bales against the need of
15million bales to meet post GSP Textile export targets. In Faisalabad almost 50% of the textile
units in textile have been shut down due to cuts in gas

Fast Food Industry
Introduction The fast–food industry has been developing rapidly and has successfully penetrated
majority of the markets globally, at the same time bringing about several significant changes in
practices, work and employment relations. Fast–food restaurants are distinguished and characterized
by their inexpensive food products prepared in a standardized method that is dispensed to their
customers quickly and efficiently for takeaway or dine–in and are usually packaged without the
provision of utensils. However, the rapid expansion and proliferation of the industry was not a
smooth transition, instead, it has brought about several controversies and criticisms. Such growth
and success has brought disadvantages to workers' rights, wages and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is when the pattern of the labour shift to the elderly, as by late 1990s, 40 per cent of all
employees in McDonalds' are elders consisting of housewives or retirees (Royle & Towers, 2002)
and partly because it was illegal for foreign workers to work in fast–food industry. True enough, for
the case of United States, their labour workforce is made up of youth too, as shown in a 1994 study
that almost 70 percent of fast–food workers were 20 years old or younger (Van Giezen, 1) and most
of them have low expectations on their salary, employment benefit and sees their job as temporary
(Leidner, 2002). Similar to Singapore, their labour workforce also consist of elderly as well as
women with children employees that shares the same expectations as that of the youth employees.
This is usually due to their preference for part–time job. Majority also proceed on to other better
jobs as they perceive it to be a temporary one. Thus, we can see that United States have generally a
younger labour force, due to the society's general mindset that a fast–food job is a appropriate first
job experience and the fact that there's no requirement for skilled experienced employees, thus,
displaying the similar traits in the age and type of labour force of the fast–food industry for both
Singapore and United States. On the contrary, the labour workforce differs greatly between
Singapore and Germany. As discussed in

Why Did Britain and France Accept to the Munich Agreement?
Why did Britain and France accept to the Munich Agreement?
On 29 September 1938, the four leaders of Germany, Italy, Britain and France signed an agreement
on the fate of the Sudeten territory in Czechoslovakia, without the Czechoslovak authorities present,
which, it would seem at the time, was a guarantee of peace. Such was the premise of the event, but
in reality it represented the abandonment of Czechoslovakia (Weinberg, 1988: 165), by France in
particular, and the naïve nature of the foreign policy of both Britain and France. It was a failure in
upholding basic civil rights, and a manifest of weakness of the two countries to stand against the
bully, Hitler. There are a few reasons for this: the inexperience in facing a new enemy, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
France was alone, it seemed, and had no other option than simply support Chamberlain's efforts in
peaceful resolution. If Chamberlain stood firmly by France, perhaps Germany would hold back,
instead Germany faced two disunited countries, who alone could not stand a chance against the
German army.
"In war there are no winners, but all are losers" (Adamthwaite, 1977: 63) declared Chamberlain.
Indeed, neither Chamberlain nor Daladier could understand why would any country risk war at a
price of peace. Neither could the public, who believed that Hitler sought only territory inhabited by
German–speaking people, and this was proclaimed acceptable. After all, the British public opinion
was not in favour of war for a country and people, as Chamberlain himself stated, "of whom we
know nothing" (Boyce, 1989: 249). However, Hitler had never been particularly interested in
helping the over three million people of German descent living inside Czechoslovakia (Weinberg,
1988: 167) and was using them as a pretext to crush the country he had so hated. He staged incidents
within the Sudeten territory (Weinberg, 1988: 168–169) and deliberately placed the ill–treatment of
the Germans in the Sudeten at the centre of the German publicity and diplomacy as to make it
politically impossible for Britain and France

Essay on Satires in We and Master and Margarita
During Russia's transition to communism in the early 20th century, conflict and unease permeated
every part of life. Nothing was stable and very little of what the Bolsheviks had fought for had come
to fruition by the time the USSR disbanded in 1991. The "classless society", which was to work
together for the prosperity of everyone, never became a reality. In the end, the majority of Russia's
20th century was an utter failure on a grand scale. However, there were many amazing products of
the system do to the great importance of education in Russian culture. Priceless novels were written,
timeless movies were made, and great scientific endeavors were realized despite the rigid control
placed upon Russian persons by the government. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His method is rather subtle and might not initially be recognized as satire without some knowledge
of both the author and Russia at the time of the novel's creation.
Zamyatin starts the book with D–503 excitedly explaining his current project, the INTEGRAL, and
why exactly it and his records are so important. On page 3 for instance, D–503 quotes the
newspaper's morning announcement:
A thousand years ago your heroic forebears subjugated the whole of planet Earth to the power of
OneState. It is for you to accomplish an even more glorious feat: by means of the glass, the electric,
the fire–breathing INTEGRAL to integrate the indefinite equation of the universe. It is for you to
place the beneficial yoke of reason round the necks of the unknown beings who inhabit other
planets–––still living, it may be, in the primitive state known as freedom. If they will not understand
that we are bringing them a mathematically infallible happiness, we shall be obliged to force them to
be happy.
This state of mind can certainly be compared to the very early days of the revolution, which
Zamyatin involved himself quite willingly, before the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks split and began to
fight one another. When they fought as a group against the tsar and aristocracy, they were adamant
that everyone should be like them, should

Essay on Fight Aganist Transnational Organized Crimes
1. Introduction
Human Rights passed the important stages of development since 2nd World War and became an
influential factor in international relations. At the same time, transnational crime has showed a
significant increase. In this sense, the international community has reacted by establishing strong
legal mechanisms and intensifying the preparation process of international agreements for the
creation of a more favorable climate. Extradition is regarded as an effective tool in the fight against
transnational organized crimes. Inevitable, there are divergences on the inclusion of human rights
through the extradition process in terms of international treaties and domestic laws of the countries.
More importantly extradition process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the inherent difficulties of bilateral mechanisms and implications of obligations, there has been
an increasing resort to regional and possible universal regulation systems in the context of
extradition. Notwithstanding important points, there are significant controversial arguments,
divergences between regional and bilateral treaties which cover basically human rights aspect of
extradition procedure. However, main regulations of current treaties play an important role to define
the categories of extraditable offences, obligations of states and human rights aspect of extradition at
international and regional level. As one of the first regional instruments for extradition, European
Convention on Extradition signed in 1957 serves for harmonization of extradition relations and
development of mutual assistance amongst European states. Under this regional mechanism, states
have to be more sensitive for human rights factor while extraditing suspects more than ever. Article
11 of the European Convention on Extradition which excludes extradition unless the requesting
Party gives reasonable assurance that death penalty will not be executed. Furthermore, the fact that
this convention is unable to limit the political application of political crimes which opens
opportunities to abuse by subjects. The European Union Members achieved to tackle this problem
by signing the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism which entered into force in
1977. Outside

The Persistence of Imperialism Essay
The Persistence of Imperialism
Following World War II, the concrete nature of imperialism, or the subjection of people or groups
based on a social, economical, or racial hierarchy, was seemingly in decline. For instance, India and
Pakistan had both gained their independence from Britain in 1947 (p.761), and the French, though
unwillingly, gave up their colonies in Vietnam (p.754), but with the development of the Cold War
there became a need to ideologically separate the free "First World", which was made up of western
Europe and the United States, from the communist "Second World", which was primarily made up
by the Soviet Union. This separation unintentionally formed yet another hierarchy, and further
perpetuated imperialistic notions. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this time (1950 – 1968) the United States was undergoing an anticommunist movement
headed by Wisconsin Senator, Joseph McCarthy (Tignor et al., p.770). One of the purposes of this
movement was to inhibit the diffusion of communism to former colonial states such as south
Vietnam, and was the primary reason the U.S. invaded Vietnam. Though the implicit imperial nature
of the invasion eluded U.S. President Johnson, it was quite evident among the countries citizens and
civil rights leaders, such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who noted this repetitious trend in American
values for the past century. In his "Beyond Vietnam" meeting at Riverside Church , New York, Dr.
King took stance that the domestic problems the U.S. was facing was symptomatic of a nature of
persistent suppression of other ideas, races, and cultures. He felt that if the U.S. government could
overcome these maladies, that the civil rights movement, which was in direct opposition domestic
racial imperialism, and the threat of further foreign dispute could be considered a concern of the
past. In this, Dr. King speaks out against the imperialistic nature of suppression, in favor of peaceful
acceptance. The United States and other former colonizers were not the only culprits in perpetuating
imperialistic tendencies during this Cold War dichotomous context. The newly

Alusaf Hillside Project Essay
1. Is primary aluminum production an attractive industry? Why or why not?
I consider primary aluminum production is not an attractive industry because : a. The product is
identical (ie, aluminum), all the companies procure the same resources to make production with
same production line and process. The firms only differentiate in terms of controlling and lowering
the variable cost in order to make a profit as a price–takers. Pricing is somehow fix in global level as
aluminum is openly traded in the financial market. b. Intensive rivalry and perfect competition.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and Russia and the other former Soviet states surged the
supply and flooded world markets while having price remains ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
4. Given the above prediction, should Alusaf build the proposed Hillside smelter if the required ROI
(return of investments) per year is 10%? How about 15%? Is your recommendation sensitive to any
other assumption you made?
Projected Hillside's total cost (operating cost + capital investment)
Variable cost : ($ per ton)
Power and alumina 41% of aluminum price Other raw material 143 Consumables 32 Freight 40
Fixed cost : Plant power and fuel 17 Maintenance 38 Labor 68 General and administrative 32
Capital cost :
$1.6 billion / 466 thousand tpy = $3,433 (cost of capital per ton of capacity)
If the required ROI per year at 10%, target price should be :
(41%)*P + (143+32+40) + (17+38+68+32) + (3433*10%) = P
P – (41%)*P = 215 + 155 + 343
0.59P = 713
P = $1,208.47
If the required ROI per year at 15%, target price should be :
(41%)*P + (143+32+40) + (17+38+68+32) + (3433*15%) = P
P – (41%)*P = 215 + 155 + 515
0.59P = 885
P = $1,500
Therefore to support Alusaf to build the proposed Hillside smelter, it must expect the future price
should be around $1208 (for ROI at 10%) or $1500 (for ROI at 15%) to justify the investment.

According to the CAGR, the growth rate of 2% in 5 years later resulted a projected demand at
20,384 thousand tpy with target price around $1,510. Therefore, it is a good investment for Alusaf to

Cold War Research Paper
Cold War Research Paper The Cold War was fought between the United States of America and the
Soviet Union. The war was a battle to be the most powerful country in the world. Although the Cold
War was not a violent one it affected many other countries besides the United States and the Soviet
Union. Most of the battles were races to get the achieve technology. South Korea was deeply
affected by the Cold War; "Letter to General–Lieutenant Hodge on Northern Korea Providing
Electricity to Southern Korea" proves that South Korea's debt to North Korea was directly
associated with the Cold War. North Korea was also very much affected by the Cold War; "Soviet
Report on Communists in Korea, 1945" validates the fact that the North Korean ... Show more
With the creation of a popular democratic front, KIM IL SUNG will be a suitable candidate to head
it" (Report on Communists in Korea). If it weren't for the Soviets, there would be less separation and
the North and South Korean governments would be completely different. The author refers to the
mass separation between the two parties but doesn't really pay any attention to it, "In South Korea,
besides the Communist Party, the strongest party is the Democratic Party, which represents the
interests of the big landowners and capitalists. The party numbers about 10,000 and is headed by
Song Jin–u. The party openly engages in pro–imperialist and anti–Communist propaganda"(Report
on Communists in Korea). The Cold War affected North Korea in ways other than politically, also.
The National Security Report, NSC 8/2 affected the North Koreans intellectually. Henry A
Kissinger, the Assistant to the President of the United States, wrote this report. Kissinger wrote this
on March 22, 1949. 1949 was after the Marshall Plan was announced. Kissinger wrote this to the
President of the United States of America. Kissinger wrote the report to discuss the issues in Korea.
Kissinger is trying to get across that things are very tense between the Communists and Democrats
in Korea. These conflicts eventually led to the Korean War and conflicts that continue to this day.
The Cold War affected the North Korean's Intellectually. If it were not

The Theory Of The Hypostatic Union
There have been many attempts to define and describe the concept of the Hypostatic Union. Charles
C. Ryrie proposed that the uniqueness of Christianity in its belief in Christ as the God–man is often
hard to understand, since there is no way to compare or contrast this concept with any other God–
man in history. Across time many people have come to the conclusion that Jesus Christ is God.
While others believed He was truly human. Yet in the annals of the gospels we only see one Person
– Jesus Christ. It is the union of these two natures, that of the undiminished deity and the perfect
humanity that is called the doctrine of the hypostatic union and it is this union that truly makes of
the uniqueness of Jesus Christ.1
Definition
Paul Enns describes the dualistic nature of the Hypostatic Union as God the Son and forever the true
God takes upon Himself the full nature of man. The two natures are both fully God and fully man
without intermingling yet one Person Christ God–Man.2 "The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian
Church" on the other had describes the Hypostatic Union simply as the union of the Divine and
human natures in One Person.3
Differing Views of Hypostatic Union W. G. T. Shedd in A. W. Gomes, "Dogmatic Theology"
describes the union of the divine and human natures by looking at the words nature and substance in
the Greek language. He uses word φύσις or phýsis for the concept of nature4 which according to
blueletterbible.com relates to physical origin or the

Essay on The life of Joseph Stalin
The life of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin. One of the Russias most supreme leaders. But one of its most horrid as well. He
brought them up while also letting them down. Some could say where would we be without him.
But others wish they never were led by him. He went from nothing to the most powerful man in the
now most powerful country.
In the early years.
He was first born Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili to a poor shoemaker of a father on December 21
1879. It was a small village called Gori Georgia. He was a only child, whose father was a drunk and
would beat him from time–to–time was a poor man. And a mother who did luandre just to earn more
money. As a child he contracted smallpox which left him with life–long facial ... Show more content
Which was were the government would support the money flow from the small tenant farmers
would bring in from there crop. Many farmers wouldn't cooperate with Stalin which led to him
killing them and taking over their farm. The forced collectivization caused a mass famine that killed
millions. Stalin ruled with a iron fist. He soon began to build a personality around himself. There
was art work, rewritten history books to make him seem more heroic in the revolution. Oh by the
way, the government controlled the media as well.
WWII
In 1939 Stalin and Hitler signed a nonagression pact. He annex parts of Poland and Romania and
even invaded Finland. Then Germany broke that pact by invading Russia. The Soviets were not
prepared for war. So the Germans almost reached the Russian capital of Moscow. But Stalin and the
Red Army drove the Nazis out of Russia about 2 years later. But his son, died in a German war camp
before the war was over. Then in 1945 the Red Army took Berlin and dividing it half communist,
half democratic.
In his final years
After WWII his reign did not recede but to only harden. Western influence was a thing of the past in
Russia. He turned easter governments into communist states. He led them all to the nuclear age.
Then in 1950 he gave North Koreas

Influence of the Eu on Democracy in the Uk
Influence of the EU on Democracy in the UK One of the objectives of the creation of the European
Union was to develop a single market and remove trading barriers so there would be standardisation
of technical regulations and convergence of conditions between European markets. With this in
mind, it saw the need for employers and employees to work together in order to achieve this. The
main statement of the European social policy is the Social Charter (approved by 11 of the then 12
member states) which seeks to improve working and living conditions and ensure the effective use
of human resource across the EU. This policy seeks to guarantee rights to individuals in areas such
as freedom of movement, improved living and working standards, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The IRA plays a big role in ensuring that employees are fairly treated in the workplace.
Organizations have opted to implement employee relations policies within their organizations as
well. These provide a forum for employee participation and employee involvement. Although
organizations in Trinidad and Tobago are governed by legislation, it is still ineffective in many
instances. There are cases where the recognized majority trade union defy the law and do not
comply with the regulations of the IRA. An example is the "No Work Day Campaign" by the Public
Services Association in January, 2011. This protest would clearly go against section 69 (1) where
public servants are not allowed to take industrial action. In relation to participation in the EU,
various countries have different approaches to encouraging employee participation. For example, in
Germany, a system called co–determination is used where employees and their representatives are
involved in all decisions relating to personnel and other aspects of company policy. It is supported
by legislation and involves three methods by which workers can participate. These methods include
a Works Council, Supervisory Board, and Management Board. Works Councils are formed where
there are more than five workers and consists only of workers' representatives. They have rights to
receive information on health and safety, jobs, work changes that adversely affect employees, and
the

Hypostatic Union: Who Was He?
Who was Jesus? That is the ultimate question of Christianity. In fact, many say, "Christianity is
Christ."1 Therefore, getting this question correct means everything. So, was Jesus God? Was he a
man? Or was he some sort of combination of the two? And does this even matter? These questions
plagued the early followers of Jesus so much that a formal statement of belief was created in which
the term Hypostatic Union was used to fully explain who Jesus was. Therefore, Hypostatic Union is
clearly seen in the Scriptures, gives power to the work of Christ, and combats heresies within the
church. First of all, the early church faced challenges the further they went in time from Jesus; and
by 451 there was a need to clearly state who Jesus was. In the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, remove the incarnation and all of Christianity falls apart. However, what does the
incarnation mean? Was it simply God pretending to be a man? Was Jesus a certain percentage of
man and divinity? Perhaps fifty–fifty? The truth of the incarnation is, Christ being both fully God
and fully man; and therefore is the only one able to truly save humanity. The reason the Hypostatic
Union is so key is because it is what gives the cross of Christ its power. If a man had just died, it
would have simply been a sad story. Yet because Jesus was perfect man and God, he was able to
overcome sin, death and evil. Finally, as much as the Hypostatic Union is foundational to all of
Christianity, its main purpose was to combat heresies that had risen inside the church. For example,
the Hypostatic Union defeated Docetism–the belief that "Christ only appeared to be human and
fleshly; in fact, he was only spiritual."9 Also, Adoptionism, the belief that Jesus was just a man, yet
God simply adopted him for a special purpose,10 was refuted through the Hypostatic

Hypostatic Union Sociology
The hypostatic union described the integration between Jesus' humanity and divinity in a single
individual. Jesus, is not only considered the incarnate son, he is also considered to be the Second
Divine Person. Within the hypostatic union, there are two aspects that help in understanding this
union. These are the ontological and physiological aspects.
The ontological aspect focuses on the Second Divine Person. Jesus assumed the human nature as his
own. With this close union between Jesus' human nature and the divine Son, his human identity is
made clear. Jesus' human nature allows him to exist as the immaculate human manifestation of the
eternal the Son. St Thomas describes it as "the Word himself as it were, becomes a human being by
way of

Czech Republic
International Business Project: The Czech Republic
International Business Project: The Czech Republic
Introduction
The Czech Republic is a small, landlocked country located in Central Europe, southeast of
Germany, bordered by Austria, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia. Slightly smaller than South
Carolina, the Czech Republic covers 78.866 square kilometers (sq km): 77,276 sq km of land and
1,590 sq km of water.
Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro–
Hungarian Empire merged cultures to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, the country's
leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the
republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Czech Republic became a member of the European Union (EU) on May 1, 2004. Through the
course of the accession process, most barriers to trade in industrial goods with the EU have been
eliminated. The process of accession had a positive impact on reform in the Czech Republic, and
implementation of EU directives and regulations continues. The U.S. Department of Commerce
Country Commercial Guide for the Czech Republic summarizes the economic trends and outlook
this way:
The principal industries are motor vehicles, machine building, iron and steel production,
metalworking, chemicals, electronics, transportation equipment, textiles, glass, brewing, china,
ceramics, and pharmaceuticals. The main agricultural products are sugar beets, fodder roots,
potatoes, wheat, and hops. As a small, open economy in the heart of Europe, economic growth is
strongly influenced by demand for Czech exports and flows of foreign direct investment.
Heavy industry received major economic support during the 1950s, but central planning resulted in
waste and inefficient use of industrial resources. Although the labor force was traditionally skilled
and efficient, inadequate incentives for labor and management contributed to high labor turnover,
low productivity, and poor product quality.
The Czech koruna (crown) became fully convertible for most business purposes in

Increased Military Spending During the Cold War Brought...
The increase in military spending is another argument that caused stagnation in the Soviet Union
during the period. Brezhnev spent huge amount of money in the defense sector and according to
Blanchard & Froot et al. (1994) the share of defense spending in GNP was 12% in 1960–70, and
increased by 4% in 1975–80 to 16%, even though the country was is deep economic crisis.
Brezhnev increased military spending each year; even as the country needed the spending in other
"important" sectors, to boots the growth of the country, and caused low–level of economic
development. Brezhnev increased the spending specifically on nuclear materials production plants,
compared to weapons. During this time in history both the superpower, USA and Soviet Union ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The doctrine made it possible for the country to intervene in another socialist state (any Eastern Bloc
nation), internal affairs when the state social system and the states' common interests were
threatened. In early 1968 began the Czechoslovak Communist Party under the leadership of
Alexander Dubček to introduce a series of reforms, including the abolition of censorship
(Fordham.edu, 2014). In response to these efforts, the Soviet Union launched a policy to combat
"anti–socialist forces" (Wilde, 2014). The doctrine was first used in 1968 when the Soviet Union
invaded Czechoslovakia to end the "Prague Spring "(Fordham, 2014). The outcome of the invasion
by the Soviet Union made Czechoslovakia go back to communist control, "even if it meant a third
world war" (BBC, 2014). Mikhail Gorbachev's government denounced the Brezhnev doctrine in the
late of Soviet Union's life. Policy change does not necessarily come with leadership change. Russia
is a fundamentally different society than the Soviet Union. Communism is replaced by capitalism,
Russians can travel abroad and Internet revolution has long since reached the country. Russia
connoisseurs are comparing just the Putin–controlled period, which the country is in now, with 18
years under Leonid Brezhnev from 1964 to 1982. Prime Minister Medvedev has talked a lot about
modernization, but stagnation is the word that recurs when talking

Industrial Sickness
Industry An industry (from Latin industries, "diligent, and industrious") is the manufacturing of a
good or service within a category The key industrial economic sectors are:The primary sector,
largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; The secondary sector,
involving refining, construction, and manufacturing; The tertiary sector, which deals with services
(such as law and medicine) and distribution of manufactured goods; Sickness:Constituting an
unhealthy environment for those working Industrial Sickness Introduction Definition of a sick unit
is given by Sick Industrial companies act, 1985. According to the act " The sick industrial company
is a company which has at the end of any financial year ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This arises due to credit restrains policy, delay in disbursement of loan by govt., unfavorable
investments, fear of nationalization. REASONS FOR SICKNESS IN SSI's Production Related
Reasons: Faulty Product Mix Acklog of Production Poor Quality of end product Delayed delivery
schedule Financial Reasons: Low Profitability Low fund generation Poor liquidity Step Cost
structure Lack of financial resources Lack of credit facility Faulty credit utilization Low share value
Market Reasons: Poor marketing strategy Imbalance between production & marketing Wild market
shifts Lack of awareness of consumer's preferences Lack of specific market segmentation Poor
distribution network Poor market performance Signals of sickness The following actions of the unit
indicate that the unit is sick or going to be sick: Continuous irregularity in cash credit accounts ;
Low capacity utilization; profit fluctuations, downward sales and fall in profits followed by
contraction in the share market; Failure to pay statutory liabilities; Larger and longer outstanding in
the bills accounts; Non submission of periodical financial data /stock statement etc. in time;
financing capital expenditure out of funds provided for working capital purposes; Rapid turn over of
key personnel; Existence of large no. of law suits

Defeats at the Workplace, in the Media, and Within the New...
In the mid–nineteenth century, industrial America witnessed an evolving struggle between labor and
big business. Although fiercely opposed by industrialists, rising labor movements in the steel and
iron industries, which had become increasingly critical to the U.S.' modernization and emergence as
a world power, experienced initial success for decades up until the early 1890s. The strongest union
in the industries, the Amalgamated of Iron and Steel Workers (AAIS) was able to garner support
from an increasing membership and national recognition from other labor organizations as well as
from the press, and in 1892, rose to meet the challenge of the powerful Carnegie Steel Company. As
many steel workers recognized, the underlying issue of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Labor organization in the steel and iron industries began in 1858 when Pittsburgh puddlers, (skilled
workers who refined iron), reacted against wage reductions during the economic depression of the
1857 Panic by joining to form the first union, the Sons of Vulcan, a move which prompted other
ironworkers to unionize as well. Finally, in 1875, skilled heaters, rollers, and puddlers convened in
Pittsburgh to join forces and form the AAIS. The AAIS went on to enjoy great success during next
few decades: over the next sixteen years, membership rose by 50% from 16,000 to 24,000, as it
accumulated power in the iron industry. Its achievements for its workers earned the AAIS national
recognition: from 1880 to 1890, it effectively unionized nearly all iron mills in Allegheny County of
Pennsylvania, center for iron and steel production, and reached agreements on union contracts with
manufacturers. Hailed by the Pittsburgh Tribune as "beyond question the most powerful labor
organization in the world," the AAIS was recognized by the Knights of Labor, which attempted to
gain the AAIS' membership in the 1880s. The AAIS instead decided to help form the American
Federation of Labor (AFL), which it eventually joined, becoming a major force in trade union policy
by representing steel and iron workers at the Philadelphia Conference in 1885. Moreover, the AAIS
achieved significant growth into the Homestead Mills in

Efforts of the European Union to Help Combat the Greek...
European Union (EU) plays a major part in facing this Greek financial debt crisis, which requires a
major restructuring in the economic sector and to tighten stronger integration among EU member
country. The primary focal point is on restoring the sustainability of public finances and addressing
other macroeconomic imbalances by fostering fiscal discipline. In addition, new rules are set to
ensure stronger and more effective economic governance, particularly in the euro zone area, with
adequate mechanisms to monitor progress and ensure enforcement.
Facing the crisis, Greece has received two bailout packages from the EU, European Commissions
(EC) and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The first package (May 2010) is worth €110 ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the fiscal rule is conceived to be adopted if the annual structural balance is coherent
with the country specific medium–term budgetary objective (MTO) which as stated in the Stability
and Growth Pact (SGP) to lower limit of structural deficit of 0.5% of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) and part of preventive arm and plus it also require a "rapid convergence" in order to confront
the crisis. (European Central Bank 2012)
Moreover, a higher deficit of at most 1% is only allowed if the government debt–to–GDP ratio is
under 60% and risks to long term financial stability and sustainability are much lower and at the
same time, it puts a numerical benchmark for debt reduction for the member state of Monetary
Union. In summation, the Commission also submitted that it should take in consideration, a specific
country to keep the risk based on the capabilities of each individual area. (European Central Bank
2012)
Correction mechanism such as the European Financial Stabilization Mechanism (EFSM) and The
European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), which is automatically activated in the case of
significant, observed deviations from the MTO or the adjustment path towards it. Both mechanisms
aim at correcting such deviations, including their cumulated impact on government debt dynamics,
and also apply to temporary deviations justified by exceptional circumstances. As good as a
strengthening of the automaticity of the excessive deficit procedure within

Social Motivation Of Social Ministry
Introduction Many churches have moved beyond the atonement–only gospel to become socially
involved in their community in providing ministries such as, relief services, personal development
services and community development services. This strategy, of social involvement by the church
has been welcomed by many and has increased positive perception of the church and by extension
amplified the impact of the church. But, what is the motivation behind these social involvements of
the church. Is it something that they do in order to be more effective and relevant in sharing the
gospel? Or is it something they do because it is genetically linked to their faith? In this paper, the
writer will argue that in principle, social ministry should not be done as a means to make the church
relevant. That is, the motivation behind church–based social interventions should not be solely based
on being relevant in order to be more effective in carrying out its mission, which is to make
disciples. The writer proposes that social ministry ought to be a natural outworking of the church. As
such, a church cannot be considered authentic if it is not involved in social ministry. Self–benefit
Motivation If the church is motivated to be socially involved because of the need to make the
ministry of church relevant, in order to be more effective in carrying out its mission, then the focus
is not on the need of the person or community but, rather it is on the church achieving its missional
goal. In this

Rise and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty
The Romanov Dynasty held the Russian Empire as one of the most powerful European states for
over three centuries. In 1917, during Nicholas II's contradictory reign, a revolution began that
transformed the empire into the first ever communist nation, replacing the infamous autocratic rule
and introducing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The Russian people were ruled by an autocratic government since 1613 when the Romanov Dynasty
began. The government was run by the Tsar who had unlimited power over the rest of Russia. The
Tsar set up a system of government involving an imperial council, a small cabinet of ministers and a
senate; all of which were implemented as personal advisers and delegates. The Tsar had control over
who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By 1916, dissatisfaction within Russian monarch had reached boiling point. Rasputin was murdered
by the Tsar's own cousins and the majority of the parliament and upper classes 'were no longer
willing to meet expectations of loyalty, respect and patriotism.'
Even though the Russian Revolution transpired quite suddenly, the foundations of it may have
started centuries earlier. Since the 1700s, the ideas of European regime had begun to influence the
minds of Russian citizens. Lower classes began to believe in democratic rights and equality,
newspapers and books spread concepts about universal rights and many believed in a future with a
just ruler and a more cultured society.
From the 1800s, the Russian monarchy gradually became weaker and increasingly fragile. After the
death of Alexander I in 1825, a group of Decembrists made up of thousands of soldiers seized
advantage of a succession issue and demanded reforms plus a written constitution. This displayed a
hint of light and prompted many to rethink the government system and their place within the
hierarchy. Then after the death of Nicholas I in 1855, Alexander II rose to power and was referred to
as the 'great liberator' after emancipating the Russian serfs in 1861. While the act earned Alexander
public affection and respect, it angered landowners, created an economic crisis and also

Access the Methods Used by Either Peron or Lenin to...
The provisional government was deposed in early October by the Bolsheviks as a result of the
October Revolution. The storming and capitulation of the Winter Palace on the night of the 7th to
8th of November marked the beginning of Soviet rule. Lenin was elected as the Chair of the Council
of People's Commissars by the Russian Congress of Soviets. In April 1917 Lenin published his April
Thesis. This document outlined Lenin's aims for the future: to end the war; to give all power to the
Soviet; to give all property and land to the people and worldwide revolution. After the Bolsheviks
seizure of power, they soon faced many social and economic problems. Numerous observers during
the revolution, had thought that the new government would only ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Lenin ordered that any German conditions should be accepted but he had great difficulty in
convincing his colleagues such as Trotsky that this was the way forward. He realized that the
Bolsheviks needed to get a quick treaty from the Germans to bring about the end of the war so that
the Bolsheviks could concentrate on the work they needed to do in Russia. Eventually peace was
signed in March 1918 in the form of the Treaty of Brest–Litovsk. Under the treaty, Russia lost Riga,
Lithuania, Livonia, Estonia and some of White Russia. Russia ended up losing 62 million people,
27% of farm land, 26% of railway lines and 74% of iron and coal reserves. Some historians argue
that the signing of the Treaty of Brest–Litovsk was one of Lenin's major failures in his policies.
Lenin's practical and realistic approach enabled him to strengthen the Bolshevik party even more.
After the winning the Civil War against the Whites, the Russia economy was left in ruins. The
Bolshevik Party faced many problems; the Kronstadt rising, political opposition and economic crisis
this meant that Lenin had to remove 'War Communism' to avoid disaster. Lenin thought that the
collapse of Russian economy was mainly due to the introduction of 'War Communism' during the
Civil War. The majority of resources were allocated to the civil war fronts. In Russia, land was
seized and redistributed to be worked using limited resources and equipment. Any surplus in
production was seized by the

Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad
Explain why one event during World War Two in Europe was a turning point in the conflict
The Battle of Stalingrad in 1942 was one of the major turning points in World War Two. It was a
major turning point for a number of reasons, the first being that Germany lost considerable amounts
of manpower and equipment in this battle; losses from which they never recovered. In addition, the
Battle of Stalingrad had a sizeable effect on the German's and the Allies moral that ultimately led to
Nazi Germany's downfall. Moreover, the Battle of Stalingrad stopped the German advance into
Russia, denying them access to the Caucasus oil wells, exacerbating Germany's fuel crisis and
crippling the German army. Finally, the Battle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were relying on the capture of the Russian oil fields to supply their army with fuel after their
stockpiles had run out. Their lack of fuel is evident even in this battle as Friedrich Von Paulus, who
was commanding the sixth army's assault on Stalingrad, advance towards the city was very slow due
to the fuel rations and at one point his army was even brought to a complete halt outside Kalach, as
they had completely exhausted their fuel supply. The outcome of the Battle of Stalingrad
exacerbated the Germans shortage of fuel, limiting the vital supply for their planes and tanks.
Without fuel, the German panzer tanks and the mighty German Luftwaffe would be useless, thus
rendering two of Germany's greatest assets worthless. The Germans could not win the war without a
reliable source of fuel. Therefore, the Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in World War Two
because it stopped the German advance into Russian thus denying them access to the Caucasus oil
wells, exacerbating Germany's fuel crisis and crippling the German army.
In addition, the Battle of Stalingrad also caused great political unrest in Germany, causing many to
question Hitler's leadership. Hitler had the opportunity to withdraw his numerous troops after they
were surrounded by the Russian army. However, against his Generals' advice, he chose to let them
die for so called 'Glory'. Von Paulus radioed Hitler desperately informing

Labour Relation Act Assignement
Course: Principles of Human Resource Management Section: Industrial Relations Assignment:
Individual Assignment Question 1 How employee can be dismissed for poor performance In today's
work environment it is important that the employees meet the competitiveness of their organisation's
market locally and globally. To have employees that are not performers (Dead Woods) can cost the
company an arm and a leg. Poor performers can cost companies a lot of money, not only due to
service but due to mistakes they make. More over dealing with them take up a significant part of
management time. Most organisations do not have a system that addresses, and deal away with poor
performers openly and honestly. In these sections we will be looking at ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2. Was the rule or standard valid or reasonable 3. Was the employee aware, or could reasonable be
expected to be aware of the rule or standard 4. Did you apply the rule or standard consistently 5.
Was the dismissal an appropriate sanction for the contravention? If all the steps above have been
followed, it is assuring that the dismissal will be substantially fair Poor performance infringement
must be dealt with via a process of more than one to three warnings at progressively higher levels of
severity, depending on the adherence or compliance of the infringement. The warning accumulated
on a progressive basis can culminate in a disciplinary hearing and a possible dismissal. In the case of
poor performance only the infringement of the similar kind accumulated in the line of progression
stand a reason to a discipline. The standard generic corrective procedure to be followed 1. Make
sure that the infringement occurred and has been committed by the employee in question, that is to
have a proof that the employee under performed 2. Meet privately with the employee and explain
the poor performance, ensuring the employee understands and making summarised notes of the
entire corrective meeting discussion 3. Give the employee the opportunity at the meeting to put his
reasons for poor performance 4. Carefully consider the his reason for poor performance and decide
on the facts and balances of probability as at to wether the employee is guilty or not 5.

Communism in the Soviet Union and Why It Failed
Communism in the Soviet Union and Why it Failed
Communism is defined as "a system of political and economic organization in which property is
owned by the community and all citizens share in the enjoyment of the common wealth, more or
less according to their need." In 1917 the rise of power in the Marxist–inspired Bolsheviks in Russia
along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism
came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single political party. This came to justify that the
means of production is controlled and the wealth is distributed with the goal of producing a classless
or possibly a stateless society. The ideological meaning of communism arose in 1848 with the
publication ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stalinism became the basic model for most of these new governments. After Stalin's death in 1953,
Nikita Khrushchev began a rapid rise and in 1956 repudiated Stalin's "tyrannical excesses" in his
famous "Secret
Speech" at the 20th party congress. The next year he became the parties leader.
Krushchev ended the practice of "bloody purges" of the party membership, but his rule aroused
dissatisfaction among the other party leaders. He was kicked out in 1964. Leonid Brezhnev
succeeded him and was general secretary until his death in 1982, when he was succeeded by Yuri
Andropov. Andropov died in 1984 and the position was passed to Konstantin Chernenko. After
Chernenko's death in
1985 the leadership was passed on to Mikhail Gorbachev.
Both as an ideology and a practical system for the organization of a state, communism entered a
period of crisis in the late 20th century. By the 1980's it had become quite clear that state–owned
systems of economic production were unable to provide the same standards of living obtained in
many countries with free market economies. The unequal concentrations of wealth in capitalist
countries were matched by glaring concentrations of power in communist ones. It had become clear
that the maintenance of a one party communist rule tended to limit personal freedoms in a way
unknown in parliamentary democracies. The rise to power in the Soviet Union of leader Mikhail
Gorbachev in the

Leadership Style: Stalin, Mussolini, Trump
LEADERS AND THEIR STYLE OF LEADERSHIP Introduction: Leaders are individuals who
carry a characteristic persona in them, they have a set of beliefs and paved pathway towards their
destined success. Leadership qualities and traits differ with every Leader which is dependent on
various factors. Analysing their Leadership qualities and traits gives us a coherent data about their
manner of Leadership. This report presents the leadership styles of three leaders: 1. Donald Trump
2. Joseph Stalin 3. Benito Mussolini Donald Trump Donald John Trump Sr. was born on the 14th of
June, 1946 to Fred Trump, who was also a successful businessman. Fred was a self–made real estate
millionaire located in New York City. Donald Trump acquired ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Such economic changes didn't go well with communists parties such as the Leon Trotsky, The
Bolsheviks and various Red Army Leaders. Stalin was even blamed for the Soviet Famine of 1932–
33 but he stood strong and tackled these soviet issues considering he was also entrapped deeply in
the World Wars. Joseph Stalin was a cunning and adroit politician and a stalwart leader for the
Soviet Union. He reduced the steep tax rates and lowered priced for commonly used goods. While
he was the leader in USSR, the inflation was 2.3%, compared to 3.5% in the United States of
America. Was Joseph Stalin a Good Leader? This is the very question that arises when a person
considers Stalin as a leader. Considering the negative aspects of Stalin, one might say he was
ruthless, arrogant and even worse than Hitler but did not get the worst of the hit because he won the
World War. The Great Purge arose due to Stalin's dynamic and to some extent cold–blooded
leadership style. But on a personal note I have identified a few distinctive and motivational traits of
Joseph Stalin. Charisma: Stalin rose to power amidst the chaotic downfall of Lenin and in the midst
of an economic submergence of USSR. He established himself as a social, economic and mass
leader among the Soviet Union. Though scarred by his physical incapability and a failing personal
life Stalin

EU Merger Control Essay
CONTENTS I. Introduction 2 II. Substantive test – New test for the assessment of concentrations 3
1. The dominance test and the substantial lessen of competition (SLC) 4 2. The Green Paper 6 3.
The Significant impediment to effective competition (SIEC test) 7 CRITICAL APPROACH TO EU
MERGER CONTROL SINCE THE ADOPTION OF REGULATION 139/2004 I. Introduction In
2004 Reg.139/2004 replaced the existing 4064/89 Merger Control Regulation, thus marking a
milestone in EU merger control. The new regulation provided for the implementation of a new kind
of substantive test as well as certain procedural changes. Compared to its practice prior to the
defeats in the General Court in 2002, which was characterized by an interventionist ... Show more
More explicitly, the importance given to efficiencies as a defence to otherwise problematic mergers,
the creation of the office of the chief economist, the guidelines regarding horizontal mergers, and
more importantly the introduction of the new 'significant impediment of effective competition test'
(SIEC) are the main indicators of the shift in merger policy. The introduction of the new substantive
test based on the concept of 'significant impediment of effective competition' is the most important
aspect of the competition policy revision. The wording of the Regulation 4064/89 implied that the
merger review process involved a two–stage test. The second element of the test, the impediment of
effective competition, was rarely applied in practice because it was presumed to result only from the
creation or strengthening of a dominant position. That was the main criticism regarding the old
dominance test, because in effect, the dominance test allowed mergers resulting in lessening of
competition without the creation of a dominant position to go un–challenged. Under the new rule,
dominance is only an example for a significant impediment of effective competition, and thus proof
of dominance is no longer a necessary condition in order for the Commission to challenge a merger.
This dissertation focuses on the most significant developments introduced by Reg.139/2004. More
particularly it will concentrate on the revised substantive test

The Nature of Communism and Nazism Essay
Two totalitarian systems, Communism and Nazism were the two most frightening totalitarian
political systems in the history of mankind. They were the systems most brutal to its political
adversaries but also to its own people and other races and/or religions. Unfortunately our own
country, Croatia faced both of them during the 20th century, and some of bad influences we still feel
today.In my essay I will do my best to examine these two totalitarian systems, describe their nature
in essence and answer question "How did Communism and Nazism influence the societies".
Communism in general is the political and economic system which wants to replace private property
and market economy with public ownership and peoples' control of production ... Show more
Nazi party developed racist ideology based on anti– Semitism and a belief of superiority of Aryan
Germans. Nazis also believed that all races, especially Jews, were inferior to them. They also
believed in absolute authority of the Government – it was supposed to control all aspects of the
citizens' lives.In 1919 Hitler joined the German workers party and in 1921 became a leader of the
party. Nazi party itself was partly established on the developing discontent and frustration with the
Weimar republic, after the First World War loss. One of the typical Nazi propaganda posters in 1932
said "Our last hope Hitler". By the year 1933 Hitler and his party took over power in Germany.
During the same year Hitler's secret service called Gestapo was set up with one primer goal – to
detect enemies of the State and make them harmless.Nazis had very strong views on the role of
women in their society. At some point Nazis started to think that women should be at home and only
raise their children and they wanted to make sure that children were brought up with the "proper
views", according their Nazi ideology.Most of the boys joined German Young People at the age of
10 and between 14 and 18 were attending military training and later on even military service. Girls
were supposed to become members of Young Maidens by the age of 14 and later on join the League
of German Maidens before the age of 21.
Undoubtedly both Communism and Nazism were totalitarian political systems or

Causes anf Results of Communism in Eastern and Central Europe
Communism was one of the political theories founded by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx in the end
of the 19th century . Both of these philosophers had the same point of view concerning the
economic and political principles. Also, Communism brought up many changes to International
Relations , and the body of the essay will describe the causes and results of Communism in Eastern
and central Europe. In 1844 Engel and Marx started to discover interesting facts about Communism
and no longer in 1848 they decided to write and publish ' Communism Manifesco' , which was
thought to be one of the best and influential political books ever. Under 'Communism Manifesco' all
people were thought to be equal. The main idea for everyone was not to be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A lot of countries were influenced by the Communism. Among them are: Eastern German and
Poland, The Communism in Poland lasted for forty years that brought a new and specific changes in
the government at the end of the Second World War. Poland had a really complicated situation
because of Iosef Stalin and his Communist Party. He described his points of view in a very clear
way, 'Imposing Communism on Poland was as absurd as putting a saddle on a cow'. Moreover
,everything was under control of the Polish Government of Stalin, including a lot of spheres as
culture, social aspects of life and economy. As government had all the power in their hands, people
were absolutely deprived of power. That kind of period was strongly disliked by people and brought
a lot of strikes, protections and even attacks. As the result, the Communism system had a bad
influence on the development of Poland. Eastern German was also under the Communism regime.
The historic German capital of Berlin, although in the East was a special case. Berlin itself was split
into 4 sectors after the war. West Berlin was part of West Germany despite being completely
surrounded by East Germany. The Eastern part of German was absolutely poor in all its aspects. The
lack of food, transport and all the necessary goods lead to the panic. To prevent bad causes of that
situation, German government

Turkey´s Aim to Join the European Union Essay
Amongst the member states of the European Union, the longstanding debate on Turkey's accession
raises a number of significant questions with regards to the identity, power and future of the Union.
Turkey is a key location both economically and tactically, making it a political hotspot for the whole
of Europe and Asia, so why then has so little progress been made within its application for
membership status?
In 1963, it was decided by what was then The European Economic Commission that Turkey was a
suitable applicant for membership and so in 1987 they applied to join. In 2005 accession
negotiations began, however with just one chapter provisionally closed these negotiations came to a
standstill in 2006. Negotiations remain frozen, due to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, as Turkey is a loyal ally to NATO, which gives it the added bonus of a substantial military
power, to reject its membership to the EU can be viewed as undermining the integrity of the Union.
Turkey could develop into a major power within the region, which the EU would be wise to have as
an ally, rather than a rival.
As a Eurasian country, Turkey sits on the crossroads of Europe and Asia and could potentially
change the current culture clash between the two continents, acting as a middle ground if it was
granted membership, however with The Bosphorus being classed as the main border delineation of
Europe and Asia it means that just 4% of Turkey actually lies within Europe with the majority being
in Asia (McCormick, 2011). This causes a debate on whether or not Turkey can actually be defined
as European or whether its accession would cause an identity shift within the EU that could
potentially result in drastic geopolitical repercussions. However the geographical location of Turkey
would also provide the European Union with a number of substantial benefits. The strategic location
of Turkey in the heart of Europe, Asia and the Middle East would allow the EU to benefit in several
key areas such as international crime, reusable energy and economy. With Turkey's aid in creating a
mutual ground and breaking the barriers between the differing cultures, the links between

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