A quotient construction defines an abstract type from a concrete type, using an equivalence relation to identify elements of the concrete type that are to be regarded as indistinguishable. The elements of a quotient type are equivalence classes: sets of equivalent concrete values. Simple techniques are presented for defining and reasoning about quotient constructions, based on a general lemma library concerning functions that operate on equivalence classes. The techniques are applied to a definition of the integers from the natural numbers, and then to the definition of a recursive datatype satisfying equational constraints.
Published in ACM Trans. on Computational Logic 7 4 (2006), 658–675.
Prepare for the BC Math 10 Provincial Exam by working through this Exponents practice test. This course is also known as BC Math 10 Foundations and Pre-Calculus 10.
A quotient construction defines an abstract type from a concrete type, using an equivalence relation to identify elements of the concrete type that are to be regarded as indistinguishable. The elements of a quotient type are equivalence classes: sets of equivalent concrete values. Simple techniques are presented for defining and reasoning about quotient constructions, based on a general lemma library concerning functions that operate on equivalence classes. The techniques are applied to a definition of the integers from the natural numbers, and then to the definition of a recursive datatype satisfying equational constraints.
Published in ACM Trans. on Computational Logic 7 4 (2006), 658–675.
Prepare for the BC Math 10 Provincial Exam by working through this Exponents practice test. This course is also known as BC Math 10 Foundations and Pre-Calculus 10.
Here are some interesting maths quizzes. Find out the answers of these quizzes and see how genius you are....all the best!!!
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Many people who dream big have much of the hard work behind their brain than those who have low aim. If you are one who aspire to become an IITian, you need to go through a much more struggle than other studies.
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Pls do visit, www. mathemagix.co.in for maths shortcuts, formulas, symbols, quizzes, facts
Many people who dream big have much of the hard work behind their brain than those who have low aim. If you are one who aspire to become an IITian, you need to go through a much more struggle than other studies.
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This presentation at the SOA Workshop in Colombo, Sri Lanka (September 17, 2009) by Samisa Abeysinghe, Director of Engineering,WSO2 highlights SOA in a heterogeneous world and explains how WSO2 Web Services Framework (WSF) for C,C++,PHP solves the enterprise expectations on interoperability.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Q. The value of (1 cot cosec )(1 tan sec ) is equals to :
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c)
S. Here the value of the expression is independe
1 *(d) 2
nt of θ,therefore givenexpression is
an identity i
Magical Conceptual Short Tricks
0
n θ, so we can put any suitable value of θ to minimise the calculations.
here let θ 45 then value of given expression is (1
Q. Let k=4cos x cos2x cos3x cos x cos
1 2)(1 1 2) (2
2x cos3x thenk is equals to :
(a) 1 (b) 0
2)(2 2)=2.
*(
0 0 0 0 0 0
2
0
2
S. Again value of the expression is independent of x, so the expression is anidentity in x,
so let x 0 then k=4cos0 cos0 cos0 cos0 cos0 cos0
c) 1 (d) 2
Q. The value of the expression
4 1 1 1
cos c (
1
os
2
0
2
S. Here options are in terms of so the value of the expression is independent
) 2cos cos cos( ) is ?
*(a) sin (b
of .
so we can put any su
)cos (
itable value of to minimise the calculations.
pu
c)sin2 (d)cos2
t =0
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
then, cos cos ( ) 2cos cos cos( )
cos 0 cos (0 ) 2cos0cos cos(0 ) 1 cos 2cos cos 1 cos s
Q. If tan A tanB x and cot A cotB y then cot(A B)
1 1 1 1
(a) *(b)
in .
(c)
x y x y
0 0
0 0 0
1 2 1 2
S. Let A 60 &B 30 then x 3 & y 3 ,
3 3 3 3
so L.H.S. cot(60 30 ) cot30 3
Now put the values of x and y in the options then option (
x y
b) will give
(d) x y
7
Q.
s 3.
If X sin +sin s
12 12
0 0 0 0
3 7 3
in ,Y cos +cos cos
12 12 12 12
X Y
then
Y X
(a) 2sin2 (b) 2cos2 *(c)2tan2 (d) 2cot
3 3
S. Let 15 then X sin120 +sin0 sin60 = 0
2
2
0 0 0
0
3
2
1 1 3 1 2
Y cos120 +cos0 cos60 1 1, then L.H.S.
2 2 1 3 3
Now put 15 in the options then option (c) will gives 2/ 3.
Q. If cos cos cos 0 and if cos3 cos3 cos3 k cos cos cos then k
(a) 1 (b) 8 *(c) 12 (d)
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
S. cos cos cos 0 so let 0, 120 & 120 satisfying given condition
cos3 cos3 cos3 k cos cos cos
cos0 cos360 cos360 k cos0 cos120 cos120
1 1 1 k.1.( 1/2).( 1/2) k 1
9
2
The beauty of these short tricks is that many problems of this kind can be solved easily.
2. :S.
Let = 15º then LHS = tan15º+2tan30º+4 tan60º + 8cot1
Q. The valu
20º
1 1
=2 3+2 × +4 3 +8
3 3
e of tan +2tan2 +4tan4 +8cot 8 is :
(a) tan (b) tan2 *(c) cot (d) cot2
Magical Method of Substitution and Balancing
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0
2
p 1
Q. If tan A and if =6 is acute angle then (pcosec2 q sec2 )
q 2
(a) p +q *(b) 2 p +q (c) 2 p q (d)
=2+ 3 = cot 15º =cot
S. : Let A 45 then q p
2 2 2 2
and LHS pcosec15 psec15 p 2 2 p
3
p q
1 3 1
Magical Method of Substitution
2 2 2 2
0
2 2
8ab
Q. If a sin x sin y, b cos x cos y, c tan x tan y then
(a b ) 4a
*(a) c (b) c (c) 2c (d)
now put q p in options then b wil
2c
l match with LHS.
S. : let x y 45 ,
Magical Method of Substitution
2 2 2 2
0 0
Q. If cos 2cos then tan tan
2 2
1 1 1 1
a b c d
3 3 3 3
therefore a 2, b 2, c 2
8 2 2
then 2 c
( 2 2 ) 4 2
S. : cos 2cos so let 60 & 0
tan
Magical Method of Substitution
n n1 2 3
0
1 2 3
n1 2 3
n/ 2
0
2 n/
Q. If 0 , , ,................. and if tan tan tan ...........................tan 1
2
then
1
ta
cos cos cos ............
n tan 30 tan 30
...............cos
(a) 2 *(b) 2 (c)
2 2 3
0
n1 2 3
n/4 n/
0
4
0 0
:S.
Let ............. 45 (Satisfying both given conditions)
Required value cos 45 cos 4
2 (d
5 cos 45 ............n terms
1 1 1
.....................
2 2 2
) 2
Magical Method of Substitution and Balancing
k k
4 6
n/2
n/2n
k k 4 4 6 6
k
k
4 6
1
Q. Let f (x)= (sin x cos x),x R and k 1,then f (x) f (x)
k
1 1 1 1
(a) *(b) (c) (
1 1
.....n tertms 2
2( 2)
1 1 1
S. f (x)= (sin x cos x) f (x) f (x) (sin x cos x) (sin x cos x)
k 4 6
As va
d
lue of above expr
)
4
ession
12 6 3
is i
4 4 6 6
4 6
ndependent of x soput x 0 in above expression
1 1 1 1
f (x) f (x) (sin 0 cos 0) (sin 0 cos 0)
4 6 4
.
26
1
1
The beauty of these short tricks is that many problems of this kind can be solved easily.
3. 0 0 0
0
2
:
sin5 sin2 sin
Q. The value of the expression is equals to :
cos5 2cos3 2cos cos
*(A) tan (B) cos (C) c
sin150 sin60 sin30
Let 30 then LH
ot (
S =
cos
D si
.
n
S
)
Magical Method of Substitution and Balancing
0 0 2 0 0
0
0 0
2 2 2
:
Q. If (cos cos
1
150 2c
) (sin
os90 2cos 30 cos30 3
Now
sin ) ksin
put 30 in options then (a) w
, then k isequals to:
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 *(D) 4
ill match with L.H.S.
S.
Let 90 , 0 then (0
Concept of Identity
2 2
4 4 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 2
Q. Which of the followings is not equals to unity :
(A) cos sin 2sin
sin cos
(B) (1 cot ) (1 tan )
2 2
(C) sin cos cos sin s
1
1) (1 0) k k 4
2
in si
S.
n cos cos
*(D)sin cos 2sin
Concept of Identit
0 0 0 0 0
4 4 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
the value of theabove expressions should be 1.
put 45 ( sin45 cos 45 and also tan45 cot 45 ).
1
(A) cos sin 2sin 0 2 1
2
sin cos 1 1 1 1
(B) (1 cot ) (1 tan ) .2 .2 1
2 2 4 4 2 2
(C) sin cos cos sin si
:
n
y
2 2 2
3 3
2
3
4 4 2
1 2
1 1 1 1
sin cos cos 1
4 4 4 4
1
(D)sin cos 2sin 0 2 1(not equals to unity).
2
S.
The value o
4
Q. sin sin sin is equals to :
sin3 3 3
4 3 3
(A) (B) *(C) (D) no
f
ne
3 4 4
:
Concept of Identity
0
3 0 3 0 3 0
0
above expressions is independent of so put 30 .
sin 30 sin 150 sin 270 1 1 3
then value of given expression 1 .
8 8 4sin90
The beauty of these short tricks is that many problems of this kind can be solved easily.
4. cot 1
S. 3cot cot cot3
cot 1 tan
Q. If then is equals to :
cot cot3
2cot cot3 2tan3 tan
3 tan tan3
1 2 2 1
(A) *(B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Q. If 13 cos 12cos( 2 ), then va
cot cot3 3
tan 1 1 2
tan3 1tan tan3 31 1
tan 2
cos( 2 ) 13 cos( 2 ) cos
lue of cot( ) 25tan is :
*(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q. I
25 2cos( ).cos
S. 25
cos 12 cos( 2 ) cos 1 2sin( ).sin( )
cot( ).cot 25 cot( ) 25tan cot ( ) 25t
f x y 3 cos 4 a
0
n
a
d
n
0
4 4 3 3 2 2
:S.
The value of the expression is independent of , so put 0 .
x y 3 1 x y 2...
x y 4sin2 the
(i) and
n:
(A) x y 9 (B) x y 9 (C)x y 2(x y ) *(D) x 2
0
y
x y .
Magical Method of SubstitConcept of Identity ution and Balancing
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
b(cos1 sin1 )(cos2 sin2 )(cos3 sin3 )........
.....(ii), by (i) and (ii) x y 1
Now put x y 1 in the options the
......(cos 45 sin45 )
cos1
n optio
cos2 cos3 cos 4 .......
n (D) is sat
.....cos 44 cos
isf
5
.
4
ied
Q. If = a ,
whe
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
(cos1 sin1 ) (cos2 sin2 ) (cos3 sin3 ) (cos 44 sin44 ) (cos 44 sin44 )
S. ..........
cos1 cos2 cos3 cos 44 cos 4
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 *(D) 2
5
(1+tan1°)(1+tan2°)............. .
5
.
re a and b are prime numbers and a b then a b
0
0
.......(1+tan43°)(1+tan44°)(1+ tan45°)
1 44 2 43 3 42 ......... 45
So first wefind out if 45 then (1+tan )(1+tan ) ?
let 0 and 45 then(1+tan )(1+tan ) (1) 2 2
(1+tan1°)(1+tan4
By method of substitution
b
22 pairs
22 k 23 b
4°)(1+tan2°)(1+tan43°).............(1+tan22°)(1+tan23°). (1+1) = a
2 2 = 2 2 = a a 2 andb 23 and hence a b 25
*Do you know what are the methods of Substitutions & Balancing to Solves problems of Trigonometry?
*Do you know what are Master A.P.,G.P.& H.P. and How these Solve the problems of Progressions ?
*Do you know the Master Quadratic Equations to Solves problems of Quadratic Equations ?
*Do you know the Master Triangles to Solve problems of Solutions Of Triangles ?
The beauty of these short tricks is that many problems of this kind can be solved easily.