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Basic skills in transthoracic lung ultrasound
This document provides an overview of lung ultrasound techniques and findings. It describes how lung ultrasound can be used to visualize the pleura, detect pulmonary edema, pneumonia, lung consolidation, pulmonary abscesses, pleural effusions, and pneumothorax. Studies have shown lung ultrasound to have higher diagnostic accuracy than auscultation or bedside chest radiography for conditions like pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, and lung consolidation in critically ill patients. Lung ultrasound is a valuable tool for clinicians to diagnose and monitor various lung conditions at the bedside.
Principles of Lung Ultrasound
This document discusses lung ultrasound patterns and artifacts that can be identified using ultrasound in intensive care and critically ill patients. It outlines ultrasound frequencies used for chest/lung ultrasound. Key normal and abnormal ultrasound findings are described, including pleural sliding, A-lines, B-lines, lung consolidation, pleural effusions, and pneumothorax patterns. A clinical case example is provided of a current smoker presenting with fever, cough and chest pain. Lung ultrasound findings are correlated with CT scans.
Thoracic Ultrasound For The Respiratory System In Critically Ill Patients
Thoracic ultrasound can be used to diagnose pneumothorax in critically ill patients. It is more sensitive than chest x-ray and can detect even very small pneumothoraces. Normal lung ultrasound shows the sliding of the visceral and parietal pleura and A-lines, while a pneumothorax is identified by the absence of sliding, A-lines only, and the lung point sign. Ultrasound can also assess endotracheal tube position and risk of post-extubation stridor.
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1) Lung ultrasound is a useful technique for evaluating pulmonary conditions at the bedside with several advantages over other imaging modalities.
2) Normal lung ultrasound findings include lung sliding, the seashore sign, A-lines, and the lung pulse. Absence of lung sliding can indicate a pneumothorax.
3) B-lines appear as laser-like artifacts that arise from the pleural line and indicate excess fluid or interstitial syndrome. A higher number of B-lines correlates with decompensated heart failure.
Ultrasound in ICU and Emergency
This document provides an overview of ultrasound applications in the intensive care unit and emergency department. It discusses using ultrasound at the bedside for lung imaging as an alternative to radiography. It describes the signs of pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and lung consolidation seen on ultrasound. The document also reviews using ultrasound to evaluate the inferior vena cava, heart, and pericardial space. Protocols for lung ultrasound and applications in critically ill patients are presented.
Lung ultrasound in critical care 10.1.2019
This document discusses the use of lung ultrasound in the intensive care unit (ICU). It begins with an introduction and outline. It then covers techniques for imaging the lungs and pleura, and describes normal findings such as lung sliding, A-lines, and diaphragm movement. Abnormal findings including B-lines indicating pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, consolidations, and pneumothorax are also discussed. The document explores the use of lung ultrasound in clinical scenarios to differentiate causes of hypoxemia and respiratory failure. It emphasizes how lung ultrasound can aid procedures and follow clinical conditions. In conclusion, the author hopes to present again on this topic next year.
Review lung ultrasound
This document discusses various signs and findings that can be seen on lung ultrasound. It describes normal findings like A lines and lung sliding, and abnormal findings like B lines, stratosphere sign, and loss of lung sliding which can indicate conditions such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, and pneumothorax. Lung ultrasound can be used to identify lung abnormalities, pleural effusions, and differentiate air from fluid in the lungs or chest cavity.
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Recommended
Basic skills in transthoracic lung ultrasound
This document provides an overview of lung ultrasound techniques and findings. It describes how lung ultrasound can be used to visualize the pleura, detect pulmonary edema, pneumonia, lung consolidation, pulmonary abscesses, pleural effusions, and pneumothorax. Studies have shown lung ultrasound to have higher diagnostic accuracy than auscultation or bedside chest radiography for conditions like pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, and lung consolidation in critically ill patients. Lung ultrasound is a valuable tool for clinicians to diagnose and monitor various lung conditions at the bedside.
Principles of Lung Ultrasound
This document discusses lung ultrasound patterns and artifacts that can be identified using ultrasound in intensive care and critically ill patients. It outlines ultrasound frequencies used for chest/lung ultrasound. Key normal and abnormal ultrasound findings are described, including pleural sliding, A-lines, B-lines, lung consolidation, pleural effusions, and pneumothorax patterns. A clinical case example is provided of a current smoker presenting with fever, cough and chest pain. Lung ultrasound findings are correlated with CT scans.
Thoracic Ultrasound For The Respiratory System In Critically Ill Patients
Thoracic ultrasound can be used to diagnose pneumothorax in critically ill patients. It is more sensitive than chest x-ray and can detect even very small pneumothoraces. Normal lung ultrasound shows the sliding of the visceral and parietal pleura and A-lines, while a pneumothorax is identified by the absence of sliding, A-lines only, and the lung point sign. Ultrasound can also assess endotracheal tube position and risk of post-extubation stridor.
Lung Ultrasound in Cardiac Care
1) Lung ultrasound is a useful technique for evaluating pulmonary conditions at the bedside with several advantages over other imaging modalities.
2) Normal lung ultrasound findings include lung sliding, the seashore sign, A-lines, and the lung pulse. Absence of lung sliding can indicate a pneumothorax.
3) B-lines appear as laser-like artifacts that arise from the pleural line and indicate excess fluid or interstitial syndrome. A higher number of B-lines correlates with decompensated heart failure.
Ultrasound in ICU and Emergency
This document provides an overview of ultrasound applications in the intensive care unit and emergency department. It discusses using ultrasound at the bedside for lung imaging as an alternative to radiography. It describes the signs of pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and lung consolidation seen on ultrasound. The document also reviews using ultrasound to evaluate the inferior vena cava, heart, and pericardial space. Protocols for lung ultrasound and applications in critically ill patients are presented.
Lung ultrasound in critical care 10.1.2019
This document discusses the use of lung ultrasound in the intensive care unit (ICU). It begins with an introduction and outline. It then covers techniques for imaging the lungs and pleura, and describes normal findings such as lung sliding, A-lines, and diaphragm movement. Abnormal findings including B-lines indicating pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, consolidations, and pneumothorax are also discussed. The document explores the use of lung ultrasound in clinical scenarios to differentiate causes of hypoxemia and respiratory failure. It emphasizes how lung ultrasound can aid procedures and follow clinical conditions. In conclusion, the author hopes to present again on this topic next year.
Review lung ultrasound
This document discusses various signs and findings that can be seen on lung ultrasound. It describes normal findings like A lines and lung sliding, and abnormal findings like B lines, stratosphere sign, and loss of lung sliding which can indicate conditions such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, and pneumothorax. Lung ultrasound can be used to identify lung abnormalities, pleural effusions, and differentiate air from fluid in the lungs or chest cavity.
Lung ultrasound by Dr. Sukhjinder Pal Singh
Lung Ultrasound is a useful modality do know various disease like pulmonary effusion, Interstitial syndrome, air and fluid bronchogram
Lung ultrasound
This document provides an overview of lung ultrasound and discusses various lung pathologies that can be identified using ultrasound. It begins with background on lung anatomy and ultrasound principles. Various normal and abnormal findings are then described, including pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, consolidation, pleural effusions, and lung tumors. Case studies are presented to demonstrate ultrasound identification of conditions like emphysema, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, and lung cancer. The document emphasizes that lung ultrasound allows accurate diagnosis of many lung conditions at the point of care based on visualization of artifacts, B-lines, lung sliding, and consolidations.
Simplified Lung Ultrasound
To be expert in practicing Lung Ultrasound or even Teaching, you need to understand very easy core concept which I put in this slide.
It include A and B line, major two signs of Lung Ultrasounds.
It doesnot include Pneumothoax, how to differentiate CHF vs ARDS.
Ultrasonography Fundamentals In Critical Care: Lung Ultrasound, Pleural Ultra...
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General Principles of Ultrasonography
Lung Ultrasonography
Pleural Ultrasonography
Other Potential Utilities of Thoracic Ultrasound
Ultrasonography in Critically Ill Patients
This document discusses the use of chest sonography in critically ill patients. It notes that bedside chest radiography has limitations in critically ill patients. Chest sonography can help diagnose various lung conditions at the bedside including pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, edema, effusions, and pneumothorax. It reviews the sonographic signs and patterns associated with these conditions. The document also discusses using lung ultrasound and IVC views to assess shock states and guide treatment. Overall, it promotes the use of bedside lung ultrasound as a valuable tool to complement radiography in critically ill patients.
Focused thoracic ultrasound
The document provides an overview of using focused thoracic ultrasound to evaluate normal and abnormal findings in the thorax, including how to identify pleural effusions, consolidated lung, pneumothorax, and interstitial syndrome. It describes the sonographic appearances and characteristics of these common thoracic pathologies and highlights the importance of ultrasound in diagnostic and procedural guidance. The objectives are to teach the sonoanatomy of the thorax and recognize ultrasound signs that can help distinguish between normal and diseased lung tissue.
Using Imaging as a Biomarker for Asthma
1. Several imaging modalities can provide detailed assessment of lung structure and function in asthmatic patients, including CT, MRI, PET, OCT, and EBUS.
2. Measurements from CT such as airway wall thickness, air trapping, and ventilation defects have been shown to correlate with disease severity and control.
3. Imaging measurements can serve as biomarkers to evaluate responses to new therapies like inhaled corticosteroids and anti-IL5 monoclonal antibodies, and determine if treatments are modifying the disease course.
ACTEP2014: Upcoming trend of lung ultrasound
This document discusses the use of point-of-care ultrasound in emergency and critical care settings. It provides an overview of using ultrasound to diagnose pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and other conditions. Examples are given of ultrasound findings for a pneumothorax including the lack of lung sliding and presence of a lung point. Signs of pulmonary edema on ultrasound include A-lines and B-lines. The document emphasizes that ultrasound is a rapid, noninvasive tool that can help clinicians diagnose and treat patients, but should be used along with medical history, exams, and clinical judgment.
USG chest
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Clinical Applications of Chest Sonography
Ultrasonography is a useful imaging technique for evaluating the chest that has several advantages over other modalities. It can be used to identify normal lung anatomy and visualize the pleura, as well as detect abnormalities. Common ultrasound findings in pneumonia include hypoechoic consolidated lung areas that may contain air or fluid bronchograms. Abscesses typically appear as round anechoic lesions that may form a capsule. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can demonstrate enhancement of consolidated lung tissue in pneumonia.
Sudanese chest sonography workshop (Lung ultrasound)
Lung ultrasound can be used to evaluate a variety of pulmonary conditions. It can identify normal lung patterns as well as pathologies. Pneumonia appears as a hypoechoic consolidated area that may contain air or fluid bronchograms. Pulmonary embolism typically presents as a triangular or rounded hypoechoic lesion with vascular signs at the margins. Lung abscesses appear as anechoic rounded lesions that may contain air or develop an echogenic capsule. Atelectasis can have a liver-like appearance with bronchograms and may be caused by compression or obstruction. Bronchial carcinoma commonly appears hypoechoic with irregular borders but may enhance with contrast. Metastases often appear as rounded lesions with sharp borders.
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This document discusses lung ultrasound findings for various lung conditions. It provides images and descriptions of normal lung ultrasound appearance as well as findings for:
- Interstitial lung disease showing multiple B-lines
- Pneumonia appearing as hypoechoic consolidations with potential air or fluid bronchograms
- Lung abscesses appearing as anechoic lesions that may contain air or show no enhancement with contrast
- Pulmonary embolism appearing as triangular hypoechoic lesions often in a subpleural location without blood flow
- Atelectasis appearing as liver-like consolidations that may contain static air bronchograms
- Bronchial carcinoma appearing as hypoechoic lesions that may enhance heterogeneously with contrast
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Presentation on utility of ultrasound in the arena of prehospital and retrieval medicine.
I intentionally strayed away from e-FAST & focussed more on the ongoing resuscitation of a medically shocked patient.
Role of Sonography in Respiratory Emergencies
1) Chest sonography can be used in respiratory emergencies to assess both superficial and deep structures using high and low frequency probes respectively.
2) Common signs seen on sonography include B-lines indicating pulmonary edema, the bat sign of normal lung, and the seashore sign indicating a pneumothorax.
3) Sonography can also assess volume status by measuring the inferior vena cava diameter and calculating the caval index, evaluate lung consolidations and air bronchograms, and detect pulmonary embolism.
03 chest ultrasound
International Lung Symposium on Pleural Diseases, Manila 2019.
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Dr. Walif Chbeir outlines in detail the medical imaging practice and diagnostic approach of pneumothorax (also known as PNO). This is the third in a four-part piece on PNO by Chbeir.
The Basics of Lung Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a useful screening tool for the lungs but has limitations. An 8-view ultrasound exam of the lungs can detect extravascular lung water seen as B lines originating from the pleural line. While a normal exam has evenly spaced A lines, more than 2 B lines in any view outside the lung bases indicates abnormality. Ultrasound has good sensitivity and specificity for detecting diffuse lung abnormalities compared to chest x-ray, but can miss localized findings and has a 15% error rate in certain conditions like fibrosis or resolving illnesses.
Sonographic features of pneumothorax dr suresh
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in diagnosing pneumothorax. It outlines the key techniques and findings used in ultrasound evaluation of the lungs. Normal lung ultrasound findings include the bat wing sign, pleural line, lung sliding, B-lines, and lung pulse. Pneumothorax is diagnosed using the absence of lung sliding, loss of B-lines, broadening of the pleural line, presence of the lung point sign, and a barcode pattern on M-mode ultrasound. Ultrasound is a useful bedside tool for rapidly diagnosing pneumothorax.
Rush Exam
The document describes the RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound in SHock) exam, a 3-step shock ultrasound protocol to rapidly evaluate patients in shock. Step 1 is evaluation of the pump (heart) using focused echocardiography to check for pericardial effusions, assess left ventricular contractility, and compare right and left ventricular sizes. Step 2 evaluates the tank (intravascular volume status) by examining the inferior vena cava size and respiratory changes, jugular veins, lungs, and abdomen. Step 3 evaluates the pipes (arteries and veins) for aneurysms, dissections, and deep vein thromboses. The goal is a quick bedside assessment of the cause of shock to guide initial
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Chest ultrasonograhy techanical aspects and interpretation
Chest ultrasonography uses sound waves to form images of the chest. It has two main applications - evaluating lung sliding and comet tail artifacts to diagnose pneumothorax, and assessing the lung parenchyma where B-lines indicate interstitial syndrome and coalescent B-lines indicate alveolar edema. The frequency of the ultrasound probe determines its resolution and penetration, with high frequency having better resolution for shallow structures and low frequency having greater penetration for deep structures. Chest ultrasonography is a useful tool for pulmonary and critical care physicians to evaluate patients at the bedside in the ICU.
Lung Ultrasonography in COVID patient.pptx
This document discusses the use of lung ultrasound (USG) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. USG allows for rapid bedside evaluation, reduces exposure to healthcare workers compared to other tests, and can help identify patients that need transfer or additional care. Key findings on USG in COVID-19 patients include bilateral, patchy areas of confluent B-lines, irregular pleura, subpleural consolidations, and occasional small pleural effusions with air bronchograms. A systematic scanning protocol is recommended to thoroughly evaluate the lungs. USG can help monitor disease progression and response to treatment.
Presentation1.pptx, chest film reading. lecture 1
This document provides a lecture overviewing various chest x-ray findings and pathologies. It lists different types of opacities, nodule patterns, infiltrates, and diseases that can be seen on chest films including pneumonia, pulmonary edema, sarcoidosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and asbestosis among others. High resolution CT images are also included to illustrate findings for conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and its exudative, fibroproliferative and fibrotic phases.
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Lung ultrasound
This document provides an overview of lung ultrasound and discusses various lung pathologies that can be identified using ultrasound. It begins with background on lung anatomy and ultrasound principles. Various normal and abnormal findings are then described, including pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, consolidation, pleural effusions, and lung tumors. Case studies are presented to demonstrate ultrasound identification of conditions like emphysema, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, and lung cancer. The document emphasizes that lung ultrasound allows accurate diagnosis of many lung conditions at the point of care based on visualization of artifacts, B-lines, lung sliding, and consolidations.
Simplified Lung Ultrasound
To be expert in practicing Lung Ultrasound or even Teaching, you need to understand very easy core concept which I put in this slide.
It include A and B line, major two signs of Lung Ultrasounds.
It doesnot include Pneumothoax, how to differentiate CHF vs ARDS.
Ultrasonography Fundamentals In Critical Care: Lung Ultrasound, Pleural Ultra...
Ultrasonography Fundamentals In Critical Care: Lung Ultrasound, Pleural Ultra...Bassel Ericsoussi, MD
General Principles of Ultrasonography
Lung Ultrasonography
Pleural Ultrasonography
Other Potential Utilities of Thoracic Ultrasound
Ultrasonography in Critically Ill Patients
This document discusses the use of chest sonography in critically ill patients. It notes that bedside chest radiography has limitations in critically ill patients. Chest sonography can help diagnose various lung conditions at the bedside including pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, edema, effusions, and pneumothorax. It reviews the sonographic signs and patterns associated with these conditions. The document also discusses using lung ultrasound and IVC views to assess shock states and guide treatment. Overall, it promotes the use of bedside lung ultrasound as a valuable tool to complement radiography in critically ill patients.
Focused thoracic ultrasound
The document provides an overview of using focused thoracic ultrasound to evaluate normal and abnormal findings in the thorax, including how to identify pleural effusions, consolidated lung, pneumothorax, and interstitial syndrome. It describes the sonographic appearances and characteristics of these common thoracic pathologies and highlights the importance of ultrasound in diagnostic and procedural guidance. The objectives are to teach the sonoanatomy of the thorax and recognize ultrasound signs that can help distinguish between normal and diseased lung tissue.
Using Imaging as a Biomarker for Asthma
1. Several imaging modalities can provide detailed assessment of lung structure and function in asthmatic patients, including CT, MRI, PET, OCT, and EBUS.
2. Measurements from CT such as airway wall thickness, air trapping, and ventilation defects have been shown to correlate with disease severity and control.
3. Imaging measurements can serve as biomarkers to evaluate responses to new therapies like inhaled corticosteroids and anti-IL5 monoclonal antibodies, and determine if treatments are modifying the disease course.
ACTEP2014: Upcoming trend of lung ultrasound
This document discusses the use of point-of-care ultrasound in emergency and critical care settings. It provides an overview of using ultrasound to diagnose pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and other conditions. Examples are given of ultrasound findings for a pneumothorax including the lack of lung sliding and presence of a lung point. Signs of pulmonary edema on ultrasound include A-lines and B-lines. The document emphasizes that ultrasound is a rapid, noninvasive tool that can help clinicians diagnose and treat patients, but should be used along with medical history, exams, and clinical judgment.
USG chest
Brief discussion on ultrasonography of the chest: Benefits, Techniques and Instrumentation, Normal Anatomy, Diagnostic US of the chest, Limitations of Thoracic US, US based differential diagnosis, Take home points.
Clinical Applications of Chest Sonography
Ultrasonography is a useful imaging technique for evaluating the chest that has several advantages over other modalities. It can be used to identify normal lung anatomy and visualize the pleura, as well as detect abnormalities. Common ultrasound findings in pneumonia include hypoechoic consolidated lung areas that may contain air or fluid bronchograms. Abscesses typically appear as round anechoic lesions that may form a capsule. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can demonstrate enhancement of consolidated lung tissue in pneumonia.
Sudanese chest sonography workshop (Lung ultrasound)
Lung ultrasound can be used to evaluate a variety of pulmonary conditions. It can identify normal lung patterns as well as pathologies. Pneumonia appears as a hypoechoic consolidated area that may contain air or fluid bronchograms. Pulmonary embolism typically presents as a triangular or rounded hypoechoic lesion with vascular signs at the margins. Lung abscesses appear as anechoic rounded lesions that may contain air or develop an echogenic capsule. Atelectasis can have a liver-like appearance with bronchograms and may be caused by compression or obstruction. Bronchial carcinoma commonly appears hypoechoic with irregular borders but may enhance with contrast. Metastases often appear as rounded lesions with sharp borders.
Lung Ultrasound
This document discusses lung ultrasound findings for various lung conditions. It provides images and descriptions of normal lung ultrasound appearance as well as findings for:
- Interstitial lung disease showing multiple B-lines
- Pneumonia appearing as hypoechoic consolidations with potential air or fluid bronchograms
- Lung abscesses appearing as anechoic lesions that may contain air or show no enhancement with contrast
- Pulmonary embolism appearing as triangular hypoechoic lesions often in a subpleural location without blood flow
- Atelectasis appearing as liver-like consolidations that may contain static air bronchograms
- Bronchial carcinoma appearing as hypoechoic lesions that may enhance heterogeneously with contrast
Ultrasound updates for Sydney HEMS
Presentation on utility of ultrasound in the arena of prehospital and retrieval medicine.
I intentionally strayed away from e-FAST & focussed more on the ongoing resuscitation of a medically shocked patient.
Role of Sonography in Respiratory Emergencies
1) Chest sonography can be used in respiratory emergencies to assess both superficial and deep structures using high and low frequency probes respectively.
2) Common signs seen on sonography include B-lines indicating pulmonary edema, the bat sign of normal lung, and the seashore sign indicating a pneumothorax.
3) Sonography can also assess volume status by measuring the inferior vena cava diameter and calculating the caval index, evaluate lung consolidations and air bronchograms, and detect pulmonary embolism.
03 chest ultrasound
International Lung Symposium on Pleural Diseases, Manila 2019.
Chest ultrasound by Dr. Hao Chien Wang.
Walif Chbeir: Medical Imaging of PneumoThorax (PNO)–3
Dr. Walif Chbeir outlines in detail the medical imaging practice and diagnostic approach of pneumothorax (also known as PNO). This is the third in a four-part piece on PNO by Chbeir.
The Basics of Lung Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a useful screening tool for the lungs but has limitations. An 8-view ultrasound exam of the lungs can detect extravascular lung water seen as B lines originating from the pleural line. While a normal exam has evenly spaced A lines, more than 2 B lines in any view outside the lung bases indicates abnormality. Ultrasound has good sensitivity and specificity for detecting diffuse lung abnormalities compared to chest x-ray, but can miss localized findings and has a 15% error rate in certain conditions like fibrosis or resolving illnesses.
Sonographic features of pneumothorax dr suresh
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in diagnosing pneumothorax. It outlines the key techniques and findings used in ultrasound evaluation of the lungs. Normal lung ultrasound findings include the bat wing sign, pleural line, lung sliding, B-lines, and lung pulse. Pneumothorax is diagnosed using the absence of lung sliding, loss of B-lines, broadening of the pleural line, presence of the lung point sign, and a barcode pattern on M-mode ultrasound. Ultrasound is a useful bedside tool for rapidly diagnosing pneumothorax.
Rush Exam
The document describes the RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound in SHock) exam, a 3-step shock ultrasound protocol to rapidly evaluate patients in shock. Step 1 is evaluation of the pump (heart) using focused echocardiography to check for pericardial effusions, assess left ventricular contractility, and compare right and left ventricular sizes. Step 2 evaluates the tank (intravascular volume status) by examining the inferior vena cava size and respiratory changes, jugular veins, lungs, and abdomen. Step 3 evaluates the pipes (arteries and veins) for aneurysms, dissections, and deep vein thromboses. The goal is a quick bedside assessment of the cause of shock to guide initial
POCUS in critical care Jan 8th 2020 Teh Iran
Point of critical care Ultrasound play a pivotal role in management of critically ill patients admitted in ICU . Its usage in this regard is ever growing . Here we discus about pearls and pitfalls of POCUS in Intensive care medicine.
Chest ultrasonograhy techanical aspects and interpretation
Chest ultrasonography uses sound waves to form images of the chest. It has two main applications - evaluating lung sliding and comet tail artifacts to diagnose pneumothorax, and assessing the lung parenchyma where B-lines indicate interstitial syndrome and coalescent B-lines indicate alveolar edema. The frequency of the ultrasound probe determines its resolution and penetration, with high frequency having better resolution for shallow structures and low frequency having greater penetration for deep structures. Chest ultrasonography is a useful tool for pulmonary and critical care physicians to evaluate patients at the bedside in the ICU.
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This document discusses the use of lung ultrasound (USG) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. USG allows for rapid bedside evaluation, reduces exposure to healthcare workers compared to other tests, and can help identify patients that need transfer or additional care. Key findings on USG in COVID-19 patients include bilateral, patchy areas of confluent B-lines, irregular pleura, subpleural consolidations, and occasional small pleural effusions with air bronchograms. A systematic scanning protocol is recommended to thoroughly evaluate the lungs. USG can help monitor disease progression and response to treatment.
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This document provides a lecture overviewing various chest x-ray findings and pathologies. It lists different types of opacities, nodule patterns, infiltrates, and diseases that can be seen on chest films including pneumonia, pulmonary edema, sarcoidosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and asbestosis among others. High resolution CT images are also included to illustrate findings for conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and its exudative, fibroproliferative and fibrotic phases.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive. It is the third leading cause of death in the United States. The two main conditions that make up COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor. Symptoms include dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum production. Diagnosis is confirmed by spirometry showing airflow limitation. Management focuses on smoking cessation, bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and managing exacerbations and comorbidities.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
This document discusses various radiological imaging techniques for evaluating pulmonary infections such as pneumonia. It provides details on what chest x-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, and MRI scans of the lungs can reveal. Chest x-rays can detect infiltrates indicating infection and complications like abscesses or pleural effusions. CT scans provide finer detail of the lungs, airways, and can detect complications. Ultrasounds are used to evaluate pleural effusions. MRI is not generally used but can provide information on the heart, chest vessels or chest wall structures if lungs are abnormal due to fluid, infection or tumor. The document also discusses various types of pneumonia seen on imaging such as bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia, and
Dos and donts in the emergency pre hospital setting covid-19 eccc 2020
Nicolas Peschanski is an emergency physician in Rennes, France who has treated over 10,000 COVID-19 patients. He discusses the evolution of pre-hospital oxygen support guidelines during the pandemic. Initially, high-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive ventilation were used but were found to increase aerosolization risk. Studies showed COVID-19 causes atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome in some patients. Early intubation is now recommended for those requiring over 6L/min of oxygen. Boussignac CPAP may be suitable due to minimal air dispersion compared to other methods. The optimal pre-hospital oxygen support strategy must balance efficacy with limiting airborne virus spread.
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
The increasing interest in Lung Ultrasound (LUS) over the last years led to a great diffusion and better experience in using this technique, which became an essential tool for clinicians. During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, LUS is being extensively applied to the evaluation and monitoring....
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
The increasing interest in Lung Ultrasound (LUS) over the last years led to a great diffusion and better experience in using this technique, which became an essential tool for clinicians. During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
The increasing interest in Lung Ultrasound (LUS) over the last years led to a great diffusion and better experience in using this technique, which became an essential tool for clinicians. During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, LUS is being extensively applied to the evaluation and monitoring....
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
The increasing interest in Lung Ultrasound (LUS) over the last years led to a great diffusion and better experience in using this technique, which became an essential tool for clinicians. During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
The increasing interest in Lung Ultrasound (LUS) over the last years led to a great diffusion and better experience in using this technique, which became an essential tool for clinicians. During the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, LUS is being extensively applied to the evaluation and monitoring....
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
In this case report we describe the detection of very early ultrasonographic signs of lung involvement in a patient who presented no clinical signs of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, but who developed respiratory symptoms and tested
positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection 22 days later
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A pictorial review of “signs in thoracic imaging 01”
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COPD (Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease) PowerPoint Presentation -aslam
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Pulmonary Vascular Endotheliatis Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19
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Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of pulmonary infection.
Dos and donts in the emergency pre hospital setting covid-19 eccc 2020
Dos and donts in the emergency pre hospital setting covid-19 eccc 2020
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
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Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
Can Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin Detect Early Sig...
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
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1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
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In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
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Diagnosis and Staging
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Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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Lung ultrasound in COVID era from ResusUltrasound: Simpler steps
- 1. 1 2 3 4 Point of Care Lung Ultrasound in COVID 19 ERA Resus Ultrasound ®
- 3. 1 2 3 4 1 3 Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2020 Where COVID19 effectNormal Lung POCUS 2 Lower Right lobe 4 Upper left Lower left Resus Ultrasound ®
- 5. Triage Pneumonia VS non Pneumonia Prognostic strastification Monitor effect of therapeutic Resus Ultrasound ®
- 9. Resus Ultrasound ® Probe perpendicular to clavicle
- 10. A line : Reflection of pleural line LUNG = Mirror
- 11. A line - Air > Fluid in Lung
- 13. Consolidation Pleural effusion A line COPD Asthma Pulmonary embolism Pneumonia Cancer Resus Ultrasound © ARDS CHF B line Air COVID19 Fluid
- 14. B line - Interstitial and Alveolar edema
- 16. COVID mostly effect in posterior region 67%
- 17. Mid axillary line Post axillary line 1 2 3 4 Always scan at axilla area!
- 19. B line Confluent B line interstitial edema alveolar edema 7 mm 3 mm
- 21. https://www.ajronline.org/doi/10.2214/AJR.20.22976 B LineConfluent B line Resus Ultrasound ®
- 22. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Confluent-B-lines- presenting-the-pattern-of-the-so-called-white-lung-not- homogeneously_fig1_275384782 From our patient, Dx Aspirate pneumonia this morning WHITE LUNG
- 24. Consolidation Pleural effusion A line COPD Asthma Pulmonary embolism Pneumonia Cancer Resus Ultrasound © ARDS CHF B line Air COVID19 Fluid
- 25. Shred sign : Alveolar consolidation
- 26. Thick irregular pleura (Shred sign)Normal lung Comet tail Shredded pleura Resus Ultrasound ®
- 28. ConsolidationConsolidation From pneumonia case (This is not from COVID but appearance of consolidation )
- 30. LUNG CONSOLIDATION LIVER LUNG Resus Ultrasound ® LIVER Normal LUNG Consolidate tissue like lung
- 31. Normal Lung Lung with consolidation and minimal pleural effusion
- 35. Cardiac/Abdomen B line B line Irregular pleural surface Cardiac/Abdomen Confluent B line Confluent, more than 3 B line pack together known as white lung. Cardiac/Abdomen Consolidation Discontinuous, rough appearance to the pleural line, with subpleural consolidation Vascular Consolidation Vascular probe Subpleural consolidation Resus Ultrasound https:// www.ajronline.org/ doi/10.2214/AJR. 20.22976 COVID19 POCUS https:// www.butterflynetwork. com/covid-19
- 36. Great lecture also please check it out!
- 37. Lung Ultrasound A line Pleural Effusion Stratrosphere sign M Fluid Pneumothorax COPD Asthma Pulmonary embolism ARDS CHF Pleural effusion Consolidation Resus Ultrasound © COVID19 B line Air