The document provides information about the nervous system. It discusses the four major functions of the nervous system as sensory, motor, automatic, and cognitive. It describes the two divisions as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). It explains how the nervous system works to transmit electrical signals and lists some common diseases that can affect it like strokes, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and intellectual disabilities. It emphasizes the importance of a healthy lifestyle, safety precautions, stress management, and proper medical care for taking care of the nervous system.

1. NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator

2. 1. Name the four major functions of the nervous system.
2. State the two major divisions of the nervous system.
3. Describe how the nervous system works.
4. Name three diseases that can affect the nervous system.
5. Give three ways of taking care of your nervous system.

3. is a highly developed group of structures
that make us think, remember, move and
learn new things.

4.  The main control and message centre of the body.
 Composed of parts that have the ability to transmit
impulses.
 These impulses are electrical signals that travel
across your body
 These signals bring information and commands that
keep your body healthy and functioning well.

5.  Or VOLUNTARY
MOTOR FUNCTION
makes your body move.
 Electrical impulses from
the nervous system
make muscles contract.

6.  The nervous system picks up stimuli.
 Stimuli are signals from the environment or within your
body that you respond to.
 Sense organs like the eyes pick up stimuli from the
environment and the brain gives meaning and reacts
to these information.

7.  EXTERNAL STIMULUS comes from
the environment.
 INTERNAL STIMULUS comes from
within your body.

8.  INVOLUNTARY FUNCTION.
 The nervous system helps/
commands other organs function
without your being aware of it.

9.  The nervous systems that is use
every day for thinking, planning,
learning and remembering.
 It enables us to adapt to our
environment.

10. Jose is crossing the street when he sees a car
approaching very fast (sensory function). His heart starts
pounding fast (autonomic function). Seeing the car tells
him that danger is coming (cognitive function). His nervous
system then directs the rest of his body to move in order
for him to avoid the car (somatic function).

11. 1. Somatic o voluntary function _____ a. feeling hungry
2. Sensory function _____ b. running
3. Automatic o involuntary function _____ c. writing
4. Cognitive function _____ d. digestion of food
_____ e. remembering names
_____ f. feeling pain
_____ g. lifting objects
_____ h. smelling odor
_____ i. making decisions
_____ j. breathing

12. PARTS OF THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM

13.  made up of the brain and the spinal cord.
 called central because it is located in the
middle of the body.

14.  composed of nerve cells or neurons that extend from
the spinal cord and reach the different parts of the
body.

15.  Neurons are cells that are able to transmit electrical
impulses and relay information to and from all parts of the
body.
 The spinal cord and the brain are organs made up of
bundles of neurons.

16.  The centre of the nervous system.
 receives, processes and stores
information from inside and outside
the body. It decides what to do with the
received information and sends
signals to the body to react, decide or
move.
 the seat of human intelligence. It
makes you decide, reason, judge,
solve, learn and remember things.

17.  looks like a white cabbage.
 The brain of an adult human weighs
about 2.5 to 3 pounds only.
 gyri or convolutions. wrinkled folds.

18.  The largest part of the brain.
 It receives, stores and recalls all the information the
body picks up.
 Cognitive processes such as thinking, memorizing and
decision making occur in the outer gray part of the
cerebrum called CEREBRAL CORTEX.
 Cortex means “covering”.
 The inner white part of the cerebrum relays electrical
signals to other parts of the brain.

19.  highly folded mass of nerve tissue located just below
the cerebrum.
 It controls muscle coordination and balance.

20.  The hind part of the brain.
 It holds the medulla oblongata and the pons.
 The MEDULLA OBLONGATA or medulla transmits
signals between the spinal cord and the brain. It
also controls autonomic or involuntary functions
such as heartbeat and breathing.
 The PONS is partly made up of tracts that connect
the spinal cord with higher brain levels. It also
contains cell groups that transfer information from
the cerebrum to the cerebellum.

21. 1. There are _________ major divisions of the nervous system.
2. The central nervous system is composed of the __________
and the _______________.
3. The nerves that branch off the brain and the spinal cord make
up the _______________ nervous system.
4. The __________________ is the seat of human intelligence.
5. The _____________________ forms the outermost portion of
the cerebrum.
6. The word cortex means __________________.
7. The wrinkled folds of the brain are called _____________ or
________________.
8. The _____________________________ control logic,
memory, feelings and abilities.
9. The cerebellum controls muscle coordination and
________________.
10. Heartbeat is controled by the ____________________.

22.  Downward extension of the brain.
 It allows impulses to travel to and from
the brain.
 It is composed of 31 bundles of nerves,
exiting from the 33 connected bones
collectively called the column or
backbone.

23.  From the spinal cord, bundles of nerve
cells branch off and through them the
central nervous system sends commands
to different parts of the body.
 Through these nerve cells, pass the
sensory signals that bring information
from inside and outside the body to be
processed in the brain

24.  Bundles of fibers (axons) from neurons and which are held
together by connective tissue.

25.  The fibers that branch out from the nerve cell.
 These fibers pick up information from the receptors

26.  WHERE the information received by the dendrites is
then carried to in the form of an electrical signal.
 The cell body contains the nucleus of the cell as well as
other structures that help keep the cell alive.

27.  A single, long fiber in which the electrical signal
continues along the cell body and moves to.

28.  A gap between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of
another.

29.  Relaxes the body and inhibits or slows many high
energy functions.
 Include sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation, urination,
digestion, and defecation. The PSNS primarily uses
acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter.

30.  Prepares the body for intense physical activity and is
often referred to as the fight-or-flight response.
 For example, the sympathetic nervous system can
accelerate heart rate, widen bronchial passages,
decrease motility of the large intestine, constrict blood
vessels, increase peristalsis in the esophagus, cause
pupillary dilation, piloerection (goose bumps) and
perspiration (sweating), and raise blood pressure.

31.  Afferent neurons
 are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible
for converting external stimuli from the organism's
environment into internal electrical impulses.
 For example, some sensory neurons respond to tactile
stimuli and can activate motor neurons in order to
achieve muscle contraction.

32.  Efferent
 Are neurons whose cell body is located in the motor
cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon
(fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal
cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs,
mainly muscles and glands.[1] There are two types of
motor neuron – upper motor neurons and lower motor
neurons.

33. ______ 1. The spinal cord protects the spinal column.
______ 2. The spinal cord is made up of nerves.
______ 3. The spinal cord belongs to the peripheral nervous system.
______ 4. The spinal cord only sends messages from the brain to the
body.
______ 5. The spinal column is also known as the backbone.
______ 6. The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system
______ 7. The shape of the neuron helps it carry out its function of
transmitting electrical signals.
______ 8. The neuron has only a soma and an axon.
______ 9. Dendrites send messages.
______ 10. Nerves are composed of bundles of neurons.

34. INJURIES AND
DISEASES

35.  inability to
move the legs.

36.  inability to move
both arms and legs.

37.  When a disc is
dislocated, it bulges and
causes pressure on the
spinal nerves.

38.  occurs when a blood vessel supplying
oxygen and nutrients to the brain
becomes clogged (embolism) or
bursts (hemorrhage).
 Area of dead cells is called a brain
infarct .

39.  an infection of the fluid of a person’s
spinal cord and the fluid that
surrounds the brain.
 It is usually caused by viruses or
bacteria.

40.  a chronic, progressive disease that occurs when the body’s
immune system attacks the myelin sheaths that surround the
brain and spinal cord.
 MS usually strikes a person between the ages of 20 and 40
years.
 Its symptoms include visual problems, emotional
disturbances, speech disorders, convulsions, bladder
disturbances, paralysis and muscular weakness.

41.  a chronic disorder of the function of the cerebrum.
 Sudden bursts of electrical activity cause changes in
awareness, tremors, jerking movements and loss of
consciousness.

42.  is a degenerative disease of nerve cells in the
cerebral cortex.
 It most often occurs among people over 65 years
of age.
 Characterized by the formation of plaques and
malformed nerve cells in the brain. This leads to
progressive memory loss and impairment of
mental functioning.

43.  A progressive disorder in which
the chemicals that facilitate
electrical transmission between
neurons are defected.
 Symptoms are trembling of the
lips and hands, loss of facial
expression and rigidity of the
muscles. After many years, the
patient might no longer be able
to move.

44.  A condition characterized by below-average intellectual or
learning skills as well as a limitation of skills necessary for
daily living.
 It could be caused by a genetic defect or injuries related to
childbirth. The most common cause of mental retardation is
trisomy 21 also known as mongolism or Down syndrome.

45. MODERN
TECHNOLOGY

46.  COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY SCAN.
 A very important technology developed to understand the
structure and workings of the brain.

47.  MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
 A more sensitive imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic
field, radio waves and computers to look inside a patient’s body.
 MRIs are most useful in detecting injuries of the spinal cord.

48.  Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
 Are highly concentrated beams of light that can cut or burn
unwanted tissues in the brain.

49.  Surgical cutting of the Corpus Callosum, the structure that
connects the two sides of the brain, is now being used to
limit the electrical storms of epilepsy coming from one side
of the brain to reach the other side.

50. 1. A __________ is caused by a sudden blockage or bursting of a
blood vessel, resulting in a decreased blood supply to the brain.
2. __________ is characterized by progressive loss of memory among
the elderly.
3. Parkinson’s disease often appears as __________ of the muscles.
4. __________ is an infection of the fluid of a person’s brain and
spinal cord.
5. __________ is characterized by sudden uncontrollable seizures.
6. Slipped discs are characterized by a sudden shooting __________
in the back.
7. __________ and __________ are technological advances used by
neurosurgeons in operating on the brain.
8. Fractures are broken __________.
9. MRI means __________.
10.The structure that connects the two sides of the brain is called the
__________.

51. TAKING CARE
OF THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM

52. Eat Nutritious Foods

53.  Eat foods rich in proteins, which are building blocks of the brain.
 Vitamins (especially B complex) and minerals also help in
maintaining a healthy nervous system.
Eat Nutritious Foods

54.  Avoid engaging in risky activities that might cause falls or
accidents.

55.  When you are riding a motorcycle or
bicycle, or even when you go skating,
don’t forget to put on a helmet and
body protector.
 When inside a vehicle, wear your
seatbelt.
Observe Safety When on the Road

56. Dispose of Your Chemicals Properly
 Make sure that you put these wastes in containers separate from
where you put your other garbage.
 Label the containers so garbage collectors will know where to put
them.

57. Avoid Drugs, including Alcohol and Cigarettes.

58.  Ugaliing sundin ang mga
tuntunin sa pangangalaga
ng kalusugan lalo na ang sa
ilong at tenga upang
maiwasan ang impeksiyon.
 Alalahaning ito ang
maaaring maging sanhi ng
meningitis.
Practice Good Hygiene

59.  Relax every now and then. Stress adds a burden to the nervous
system.
Learn To Manage Stress Well.

60.  Sleeps allows the nervous system to repair itself.
Get A Good Night’s Sleep

61.  Consult a doctor when you feel something is wrong.
Listen To Your Body