This PowerPoint presentation completely helps you to know about every thing about the Mumbai from 18th century till the present or the modern times.

2. By the end of the 17th century, Bombay had developed into an important local port. In
1715 Charles Boone became the Governor of Bombay. He implemented
Aungier's plans for the fortification of the island, and had walls built from Dongri in
the north to Mendham's point in the south. He established a force of Marines and
constructed churches. In 1728 a Mayor's court was established in the town. In the
same year the first reclamation was started, a temporary work in Mahalaxmi, on the
creek separating Bombay from Worli. The shipbuilding industry started in Bombay in
1735. The master shipbuilder, Lowjee Nusserbanji, was induced to move from Surat to
Bombay, where he built the first docks and took the name of Wadia. During this time
the Marathas had become the paramount power in the Deccan and naturally came
into conflict with the sea-faring Portuguese. A long dispute came to an outright war,
the battles of Bassein, beginning in 1737. The British response to the Maratha victory
was to clear big stretches of grounds around the fort walls to provide a clear field of
fire. This pushed the Indian settlements further north, into what has now become
the inner city. Under new building rules set up in 1748, many houses were demolished
and the population was redistributed, partially This century saw an intense rivalry
between various powers, the British, the French and the Marathas, for the control of
India. Much of British policy in Bombay during this uncertain period was directed to
this power play. In the twenty years starting from 1746 the Fort was improved. on
newly reclaimed land.
18th CENTURY

3. In 1769 Fort George was built on the site of the Dongri Fort. In the next year
the Mazagaon docks were built. In 1772 an order was promulgated to segregate
Indian and English houses, both within and outside the Fort. A more important
development came five years later, in 1777, when the first newspaper in
Bombay was published. Following the First Maratha War, between 1772 and 1775,
Nana Fadnawis managed to cobble together a coalition of all the Maratha
kingdoms along with Hyder Ali and the Nizam into a force against the British.
Although the British, through diplomacy and bribery, broke this coalition, they
were defeated in a series of battles.Through the treaty of Salbai, in 1782, they
were forced to cede all the land they had won to the Marathas in exchange for
Salsette, Elephanta, Karanja and Hog Island.The first major work of reclamation
was the Hornby vellard at Breach Candy Completed in 1784 during the
Governorship of William Hornby, it joined the main island of Bombay to Worli,
and prevented the flat lands to the north of Bombay from being flooded at every
high-tide. Reclamations at Worli and Mahalaxmi followed immediately. In the
beginning, the civil administration of Bombay was directly under the President
of the East India Company and his Council. Beginning at the end of the 18th
century, a regular civil administration was put in place. Apparently, this was
thought to be necessary, since, in a count made in 1794, it was found that there
were 1000 houses inside the fort walls and 6500 outside.

4. A crowded town had grown up north of the walled fort and the eastern port
district of the British town. In 1803 a fire raged through the Indian part of the
town, razing many localities.The tragedy was to have a positive effect in that the
town could be built anew, to a better plan. Already residents were paying taxes
to the civil authorities for the upkeep and cleaning of streets. In 1812 an
Ordinance was promulgated which, among other things, set out the possibility of
demolition of encroachments.The HornbyVellard had already been built
towards the end of the 18th Century. By joining together Bombay and Mahim, it
began the process that was to be completed in this century.The next step was
the completion of the Sion Causeway in 1803. The Maratha empire under the
Peshwas fell to the machinations of the East India Company at the beginning of
the century.The decisive battle was at Kirki in November 1817. Montstua
Elphinstone was then made Commissioner of the Deccan in 1818. With the
opening of the Deccan to the British power, improved communications between
Bombay and its hinterland was to become necessary.The existence of such
communication, in turn, fed commerce through the port of Bombay.
Elphinstone was the Governor of Bombay between 1819 and 1827. He was the
first person to build a bungalow for himself on Malabar Hill. This began the
process of wealthy residents moving out of the central fort area.
19th CENTURY

5. This process accelerated with the completion of the Colaba Causeway in
1838. Even before the island was joined to Bombay, it was a cantonment
area; it remains so even now. The Cotton Exchange was established in
Colaba in 1844, establishing this newly opened up section as an important
commercial area . The Mahim Causeway was not built by the
government. Avabai, Lady Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy donated the entire sum of
money required to join Mahim to Sion by a causeway.This work was
completed in 1845, but the development of Mahim and Bandra had to wait
another half a century. In the meanwhile, Sir Bartle Frere became the
Governor of Bombay, and in 1864 had the walls of the fort removed.The old
wall can now only be seen as part of the boundary wall of St. George
Hospital, near the VictoriaTerminus.This act allowed a rebuilding of the core
area of the city with the money that the cotton boom was bringing in.

6. The fashionable areas of Bombay in the 19th century were the inner suburbs
on the east-- Parel, Sewri and Bycullah.The mills and their effluents began
to push the British and the Parsi merchants out of these areas. The plague
completed this process and transformed these areas along with Worli into
working class areas. The upper classes moved into Malabar Hill. Other
opportunities had to be developed for the middle classes. As the distances
within the city grew, the transport system had to be modernized. In
1901, JamsetjiTata was the first Indian to own a car. By 1911 motorized taxis
were already plying in Bombay, and on July 15, 1926, the first motorized bus
ran between Afghan church and Crawford market.Trains began running on
the harbor line in February 1925. Electrification of the railways began at the
same time. Several city planning agencies were set up in the aftermath of
the plague epidemics.The City ImprovementTrust developed the suburbs
of Dadar, Matunga, Wadala and Sion to house about 200,000 people. New
roads connected the inner city to these suburbs. By 1925 electrified
suburban trains were running in the city, and the distant northern
suburbs were already being built.
20th CENTURY

7. The early stalwarts of the Indian National Congress were mainly Parsis from
Bombay. Even after the congress became a truly national movement,
Bombay retained an important place in the struggle for independence from
Britain.The very notion that the Congress was not merely fighting for rights
but for independence, swaraj, was first enunciated from this city. Gandhi,
already famous for his non-violent struggle for rights in South Africa,
returned to India through the port of Bombay.The merchants of Bombay
financed the independence movement.The famous August 1942 call for the
British to Quit India was issued from the GowaliaTank Maidan at the base of
the Malabar Hills. India gained independence at midnight, becoming a free
country from August 15, 1947. In the first years of the century, the inner
city was already as congested as the rest of Bombay became in the 1980's.
The CIT sought to open up these areas by building wide roads through them
to channel the westerly breezes from the sea. The decreasing mortality over
the years was probably not due to this, but to other health schemes which
were slowly put into place.

8. After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay
Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area
of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that
joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the
city became the capital of Bombay State. On April 1950, Municipal limits of
Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban
District and Bombay City to form the Greater Bombay Municipal
Corporation. The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate
Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. In
the Lok Sabah discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the
city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.The States
Reorganization Committee recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra–
Gujarat with Bombay as its capital in its 1955 report. Bombay Citizens'
Committee, an advocacy group of leading Gujarati industrialists lobbied for
Bombay's independent status.
MORDEN TIMES

9. The past two decades have seen an increase in violence in the hitherto
largely peaceful city. Following the demolition of the Babri
Masjid in Ayodhya, the city was rocked by the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1992–
93 in which more than 1,000 people were killed. On 12 March 1993, a series
of 13 co-ordinated bombings at several city landmarks by Islamic extremists
and the Bombay underworld resulted in 257 deaths and over 700 injuries. In
2006, 209 people were killed and over 700 injured when seven bombs
exploded on the city's commuter trains. In 2008, a series of ten coordinated
attacks by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries,
and severe damage to several heritage landmarks and prestigious
hotels.The blasts that occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and
Dadar on 13 July 2011 were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in
Mumbai.Today, Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved
into a global financial hub. For several decades it has been the home of
India's main financial services, and a focus for both infrastructure
development and private investment. From being an ancient fishing
community and a colonial center of trade, Mumbai has become South Asia's
largest city and home of the world's most prolific film industry.

10. * Growth in industrial productions:The production in various industrial
sectors like cement, iron and steel, textile, fertilizers etc., are helping in the
economic growth of the country. Export increase and this forest reserve
increases.
* Growth in trade and commerce: Urbanization helps the nation's business
sector. Rural people came to the urban places with their goods.
* Development in tourism industries: People from foreign countries are
attracted to good cities and towns having better transport facilities.Tourism
is a good source of foreign currency for a country.
* Improvement in Science, Culture etc.: Urban places are the meeting point
of all good cultures of various localities. Education, science and technology
developments take place in urban places improving the society as a whole.
ADVANTAGES OF URBANIZTION