Green energy could provide a solution to critical energy needs and problems in Arctic regions in the future if certain challenges are addressed. Presently, diesel remains the most effective option for remote areas. However, increasing oil prices, better green technology adapted for the Arctic climate, development of green energy markets and infrastructure, and strong green policies could make green energy viable. Governments could support green energy development through public and private investments, research centers, and promoting the Arctic as a focal point for renewable technology. Overall green energy presents opportunities but overcoming challenges like high costs, harsh conditions and developing suitable technologies will be key.

1. RESPONSIVE AND RESPONSIBLE ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS
Claudio Pellegatta
Danish Minister for Foreign Affairs
Copenhagen 18.01.11

2. Content
I. Focus and method
II. Energy trends in the Arctic
III. Critical energy needs and problems
IV. Green energy could be a solution?
V. What could governments do?
VI. Conclusion: Relational question

3. I. Focus and methods
Status of present consumption patterns
Characteristics of resource dependencies
Overview of ongoing changes
New energy trends in the Arctic regions

4. Focus and Methods
International literature and internet review of status and perspectives
by national authorities;
Analysis of micro and macro economic / energy data;
Consultation and interview with a wide range of stakeholders and
experts about characteristics and needs of Green energy business
development in Arctic countries;
Intensively looking at best practices around the world in Green energy
business;

5. II. Energy trends in the Arctic

6. Present consumption patterns
RELATIONSHIP

7. Present consumption patterns
Electricity – consumption by source
23%
Fossil fuel
39% Fossil fuel
Hydro
1% Hydro
Other
77% 56%
17%
Fossil fuel
Hydro
Geo 10%
82%
21% Fossil Fuel
38% Fossil fuel
Hydro
62% Hydro
Renewable
69%

8. Present consumption patterns
Electricity - consumption by source
1% 5,7%
Fossil fuel
Fossil Fuel 32% Hydro
Renewable Other
56% Nucler
99%
6,3%
9% 1% 12%
8%
Fossil fuel
Fossil Fuel Hydro
Renewable Other
Nuclear 22% Nucler
90% 58%

9. Present consumption patterns
Cost of electricity-heating monthly consumption for a family in the Arctic regions
250
200
150
100
50
0
Faroe Sweden Alaska Finland Canada Norway Iceland

10. Characteristics of resource
dependencies
ENERGY TYPE POSITIVE NEGATIVE WHERE
WIND Renewable Harsh climate Arctic
(ice/low temp)
NUCLEAR Technology ready High initial cost, Rus., Fin., Swe.
Expensive, Nuc.
waste
BIOMASS Renewable Forest waste Can, Fin., Nor.
(Seaweed)
SOLAR Renewable Feb/Nov, Canada
Infrastructure

11. Characteristics of resource
dependencies
ENERGY TYPE POSITIVE NEGATIVE WHERE
HYDRO Renewable High initial cost, Envir. Arctic
GEOTHERMAL Renewable Not in whole Arctic Can, Ice, Fin
Faeroe Islands
WAVE SYSTEM Renewable Not in whole Arctic
(Floating river generators)
DIESEL OIL Easy to get Expensive, Polluted Arctic
HYDROGEN Storage, High reactivity
Green Iceland, Greenland

12. Overview of ongoing changes:
new green projects
Wood pellet boilers in Northwest Ter. (Canada)
2009 / 2011
Next step: Fort Simpson, Fort Liard, and Inuvik
Wave energy system in Faeroe Islands
2010 / 2011
Oscillating Water Column technology
Wind Power project in Kuolavaara-Keulakkopää (Finland)
2009/2011
18 wind power plants with a 2-3 MW capacity each

13. Overview of ongoing changes:
new green projects
Hydrogen and fuel cells as energy storage in Greenland
2009 / 2013
Hydrogen is concentrated to electricity and heat in a fuel cell
Solar cells in Kola Penisula (Russia)
2007 / 2010
Replaced radioactive strontium batteries in lighthouses
Hydro-electric project “Plan Nord” in Canada
2009/2014
2,500 km electric grid connecting Nunavik communities

14. New green energy trends
Renewable electricity producers (TW·h/year)
2007-2009
100%
Alaska Canada
90%
80%
Greenland Iceland
70%
60%
Faroe Is. Norway
50%
40%
Sweden Finland
30%
20% Russia
10%
0%
Hydro Wind Biomas Solar Geo Other

15. III. Critical energy needs and
problems
ARCTIC REGIONS HAVE DIFFERENT ENERGY
SITUATIONS BUT THE SAME CRITICAL ENERGY NEEDS
AND PROBLEMS

16. Critical energy needs and
problems
SMALL VILLAGES
(POPULATIONS ARE SMALL PROJECTS IN REMOTE
DECLINING) PLACE ARE MORE EXPENSIVE
OIL PRICE
DEVELOP
HARSH CLIMATE
GREEN ENERGY
IMPORT ENERGY
CONSUMERS
ARE NOT
LINKED
NEED MORE
ENERGY EVERYBODY WANTS TO
BE SELF SUFFICIENT ENERGY EQUIPMENTS
NEED TO BE WORKING
REDUCE ENERGY COSTS 24/7

17. IV. Green energy could be a global
solution for the Arctic?
YES, BUT NOT YET
At the moment, the simplest and most
effective option to provide energy to remote
areas remains the diesel powered facilities

18. Green energy could be a global
solution for the Arctic?
GREEN ENERGY WILL BE A SOLUTION IN THE
EARLY FUTURE IF:
OIL PRICE INCREASING
GREEN MARKET
DEVELOPMENT (EASY/CHEAP)
STRONG GREEN
POLICY IN THE AREA
BETTER GREEN
TECHNOLOGY FOR
THE ARCTIC

19. Challenges for the future
OIL PRICE INCREASING
Oil tax against CO2 pollution
Peak Oil
Emerging economies’ energy needs
BETTER GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR THE ARTIC
More efficient (storage, linked, cold isolation building)
Harsh climate
Interconnected tech (not seasonal)

20. Challenges for the future
GREEN MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Mass production
Cheaper green power system
Easier capacity
STRONG GREEN POLICY:
Economy situation (CO2 emission- economic cries)
Political and strategic interests in the area
Demographic situations (small villages’ issues)

21. V. How could governments support
green energy in the Arctic regions?
- Improving public investment,
- attracting private investment,
- free green energy investment zone,
- free trade area,
- Improve infrastructures,
- promote Arctic region as a focal point in a new green revolution,
- establish a highly specialized district and research centre for
renewable energy in the Arctic region.

22. VI. Conclusion
Which will be the new trend?
Which green energy?

23. Conclusion
Comments, suggestion, remarks, new idea,
information, advices, are
more than welcome to
claudiop@ruc.dk

24. Conclusion
Thank You!
Grazie!
Contact: claudio.pellegatta@libero.it
www.linkedin.com