The NISO virtual conference focused on the application of linked bibliographic data, specifically discussing the challenges and potentials of LODLAM (Linked Open Data in Libraries, Archives, and Museums). Key discussions included the limitations of MARC data formats, the importance of the Semantic Web, and various initiatives like BIBFRAME aimed at progressing bibliographic data management beyond traditional silos. Additionally, the conference highlighted the need for interoperability and collaboration across data systems in the library and information science domains.

1. NISOVirtual Conference: BIBFRAME&Real World Applicationsof LinkedBibliographicData
http://www.niso.org/news/events/2016/virtual_conference/jun15_virtualconf/
June 15, 2016
Keynote:Landscape andCurrentStatusof BIBFRAME and RelatedInitiatives
“The LODLAMLandscape”
SLIDE 1: The LODLAMLandscape
Subtitle:BIBFRAME&Other LinkedDataInitiatives
SLIDE 2: WhyLODLAM?
First,a definition:
LODLAM: linkedopen datainlibraries,archives,andmuseums
Libraries – Libraries,Archives,Museums(e.g. cultural heritageinstitutions)
Why isLinkedData important?
Libraries – trustedrepositoriesof information;the datawe have isrich and deep
Linkeddata– howwe can share that informationonthe web;makingthingsmore discoverable and
accessible
So what’sthe problem?!We’ve gotthisdata,sowhyisn’tit justthrownoutthere?
Our data issiloedinMARC
MARC
 we’ve beenmakingitdosomethingitwasn’tdesignedtodofor20+ yearsnow
 designedtopurelytransmitdataforprinting;NOTforbeingindexed,searched,manipulated,etc.
 MARC is contextual (hello,ISBD) –machinesdon’tdocontext,theyare dumbandliteral
 Henriette Avram –one of my heroes(sheroes) –BUT not a storage/retrieval format;fortransmitting
and displayonly
BIBFRAME isone effortto breakthat silo.
SLIDE 3: Termsand Definitions
Semanticweb:“W3C,"The SemanticWebprovidesacommonframeworkthatallowsdatato be shared
and reused acrossapplication,enterprise,andcommunityboundaries“”
Tim Berners-Lee–definedthe semanticweb/linkeddata
Semanticweb is powered by Linked Data
Linked Datais structured datathatis machinereadable/actionable
SLIDE 4: [CATS]
Of course,we all knowthe internet(akathe web) isactuallymade of aseriesof tubesfilledwithCATS,
not data.

2. Sources
Subversive CrossStitch
Pusheen.com
Nyancat
Threadless –“Voltron”of cats
SLIDE 5: [xkcd]
Well, OK.It’snotreally cats intubes.The web isactuallya bunch of standards – that keepproliferating –
but mustbe interoperable
http://xkcd.com/927/
Alttext:chargingissue solved.Wait,isit:mini-USB?Micro-USB?
SLIDE 6: (SemanticWeb)
Semanticweb – webof linkeddata
powered byrules/standardsandtechnologiesthatprovide structure todata
*Various(mostcommonlyused/heard)standardsandorganizationsthatpowerthe SemanticWeb;most
usedas part of or bylinkeddata
 W3C: WorldWide WebConsortium
 URI: Uniformresource identifier(aURL is one type of URI, also have URNs)
 HTTP: hypertexttransferprotocol –allowsaURI to be actionable (“linkable”or“clickable”)
 XML/HTML: mark-uplanguages
 Microdata: nestmetadatawithinexistingwebpage content(embeddedinHTML)
 JSON:JaveScriptObjectNotation –dataformat fortransmittingdataobjects(attribute-value pairs);
JSON-LD– methodof encodinglinkeddatausingJSON
 RDF: Resource DescriptionFramework –conceptual descriptionormodelingof informationusedin
webresources;multiple RDFspecifications(entity-relationship);mostothersemanticwebstandards
are builtonor use RDF
 Turtle:Terse RDF Triple Language
 SPARQL:semanticquerylanguage (usesRDF);endpointforaccess
 SKOS:simple knowledge organizationsystem(forcontrolledvocabularyrepresentation)
 OWL: webontologylanguage (knowledgerepresentationlanguage forontologies
(vocabularies/taxonomies))
 FOAF:“friendof a friend”(ontologyfordescribingpersons)
 Schema.org:Bing/Google/Yahoo - schemasforstructureddatamarkupon webpages
SLIDE 7: (Semantic) Web:LODLAMSubset
Othercommontermsand organizationswithinthe LODLAMcommunity:
 BIBFRAME: data model forbibliographicdescriptionusinglinkeddataprinciples
 Blacklight:discoveryinterface forSolrindex;
o http://projectblacklight.org/
 Solr:opensource standalone enterprise searchserver;powerful indexing
o http://lucene.apache.org/solr/
 Fedora:Flexible Extensible DigitalObjectRepositoryArchitecture;opensource architecture for
storing,managing,andaccessingdigital contentinthe formof digital objects;

3. o http://fedora-commons.org/
 Hydra: repositorysolution;“Hydraisan ecosystem of componentsthatletsinstitutionsdeploy
robustand durable digital repositories(thebody) supportingmultiple “heads”:fully-featureddigital
assetmanagementapplicationsandtailoredworkflows. Itsprinciple platformsare the Fedora
Commonsrepositorysoftware,Solr,RubyonRailsandBlacklight”;
o http://projecthydra.org/
 ORCID:open,non-profit,community-drivenefforttocreate and maintainaregistryof unique
researcheridentifiers;
o http://orcid.org/
 VIVO:member-supported,opensource softwareandanontology forrepresentingscholarship;
o http://vivoweb.org/
PLUS existingcontrolledvocabulariessuchasLCSH, LCClassification,Dewey,etc.
SLIDE 8: LinkedData
Powersthe semanticweb
STRUCTURED data
 can be queried,linkedto/from, andintegrated
 buildsonexistingwebtechnologies
 machine (nothuman) friendly –actionable bymachine
 usescontrolledvocabularies
 structureddata storedinvariousinteroperable “containers”(mark-up,schemas,etc.)
Structure of linkeddata:triples:
 a subject,a predicate,andanobject – definesrelationshipbetweentwothings(entity-relationship
model)
Bestcase: eachelementof atriple isa URI, theneach elementcanconnectwithotherelements
URI – dereferencable(actionable/clickable)
Controlledvocabulariesandidentitiesare “things”representedbyURIs – multiple sourceswill“connect
through”one URI, providingthe “webof data”
Things:representedbyURIs;theyare actionable andconnecttootherthings/strings
Strings:text;alsocalledliterals;“deadends”inthe semanticweb/linkeddata
SLIDE 9: TriplesandQuads
TRIPLE
 a subject,a predicate,andanobject – definesrelationshipbetweentwothings(entity-relationship
model)
QUAD
 a subject,a predicate,anobject,andcontext

4.  Allowsrelationshipstohave attributes –orinformationaboutthe relationship
 Assertion:one waytorepresent“trust”or “authenticate”the relationship;“who”or“what”
establishedthisrelationship?
ALL of the pieces of bothTRIPLES andQUADS can be URIs; any piece thatisnot a URI is a “dead-end”or
literal/string
SLIDE 10: LinkedOpenData[mug]
Linkeddatais notguaranteedtobe OPEN;youcan have linkeddataina closednetwork
However,OPEN ispreferred
Why?
Tim Berners-Leeprinciplesof linkeddata
1. Use URIs to name (identify) things.
2. Use HTTP URIs so that these things canbe lookedup(interpreted,"dereferenced").
3. Provide usefulinformationaboutwhataname identifieswhenit'slookedup,usingopen
standardssuch as RDF,SPARQL,etc.
4. Refertoother thingsusingtheirHTTPURI-basednameswhenpublishingdataonthe Web – e.g.
linktoother URIs somore thingscan be discovered.
5. OPEN data/content
But whatmakesit OPEN?
OPEN data – “star” system– goal is5 stars
1. Available onthe web(whateverformat) butwith an open license, to beOpen Data
2. Available asmachine-readable structureddata(e.g.excel insteadof image scanof a table)
3. as (2) plusnon-proprietaryformat(e.g.CSV insteadof excel)
4. Use openstandardsfromW3C (RDFand SPARQL) toidentifythings,sothatpeople canpointat
your stuff
5. Linkyour data to otherpeople’sdatatoprovide context
Source:W3C (https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html)
SLIDE 11: LinkedOpenDataCloud
http://lod-cloud.net/
Aug.2014
CC-BY-SA license
Representationof the LinkedOpenDatacloud – still growingasmore data setsare published
Each node is a datasetthat can be queried,linkedto,andextractedfrom
Centerof the hub isDBPedia
connectsotherdata sources – interlinkingpublisheddatasets
Upper right– codedgreen – librarydata
id.loc.gov
VIAF

5. WorldCat
national libraries –French,German,andmore
geographicdata
SLIDE 12: BIBFRAME
BibliographicFrameworkInitiative
Initiative definedin2011
Source:https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/faqs/
Releasingourdatafromthe MARC silo,butbeyondthattoo
SLIDE 13:
INDEPENDENTof any specificdescriptionstandard(e.g.RDA orResource DescriptionandAccess)
Is itreplacingMARC? Yes,but alsogoingbeyondMARC
FocusedonRELATIONSHIPS
Can lookat it as: “blowingup”a MARC recordintoits discrete elementsanddefiningtheirrelationship
witheachotherand beyond(connectwithelementsnottraditionallyincluded)
Classes:definearesource (underBIBFRAME)
Properties:furtherdescribe aresource
SLIDE 14: BIBFRAME 2.0 Model
 Work – conceptual essence
 Instance – embodimentof awork(one workcan have multiple instances)
 Item– copyof the instance – local holdings
 Agents– people,organizations,jurisdictions,etc.associatedwithawork
 Subjects – “aboutness”of a work
 Events– occurrences,recordingof a contentof a work
SLIDE 15: All the LinkedDataActivity!
Reviewthe currentinitiatives/activities
definitionsandthe active participants;
more detail aboutthe variousactivitieswill be include inthe presentationstoday
NOT an exhaustive list
Currentlylargelyindependentof eachother
Why? Nosharedtriple store;infrastructure isabarrierforlarger cooperative participation
 LODLAM: linkedopendatainlibraries,archives,andmuseums
o “informal,borderlessnetworkof enthusiasts,technicians,professionalsandanynumberof
otherpeople whoare interestedinorworkingwithLinkedOpenDatapertainingtogalleries,
libraries,archives,andmuseums”
o http://lodlam.net/
 BIBFRAME: initiative forbibliographicdata

6. o Libraryof Congress
o https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ (bibframe.org  LOCsite now)
 BIBFRAME Lite:modularandlayeredvocabularyapproachusingBIBFRAMEvocabulary
o core setof classes/propertiesasascaffolding;buildonitwithothervocabularies(Library,
Archive,Rare Materials,etc.)
o National Libraryof Medicine;George WashingtonU;Zepheira
o http://www.bibfra.me/
 LD4PE: LinkedDatafor Professional Educators
o educate the educators;buildinganExploratoriumof learningresourcesanddefined
competencies
o Universityof WA;KentState U; DublinCore MetadataInitiative(DCMI);Sungkyunkwan
University(Korea);OCLC;Elsevier;Synaptica
o http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php/Pet/ld4pe
 LD4L: LinkedData forLibraries
o 2014-2016 MellonGrant ($1 million)
o Cornell ULibrary; Harvard Library;StanfordU Libraries
o https://wiki.duraspace.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=41354028
 LD4L Labs: continue LD4L
o “$1.5 million dollargrantfromthe Andrew W.MellonFoundation,LinkedDataforLibraries:
LD4L Labs is a collaborationof Cornell,Harvard,Iowa,andStanfordtocontinue toadvance
the use and usefulnessof linkeddatainlibraries”
o https://wiki.duraspace.org/display/ld4l/LD4L+Labs
 LD4P: LinkedData for Production
o LC; Columbia;Cornell;Harvard;Princeton;Stanford
o Multiple projects- eachof the 6 core memberscontribute projects
o https://wiki.duraspace.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=74515029
o http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/documents/PCC-LD4P.docx
 BIBFLOW: “ReinventingCataloging:Modelsforthe Future of LibraryOperations”
o focusis onworkflows
o UC DavisLibrary;Zepheira
o https://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/bibflow/
 LibHub:convertinglibraryMARCdata to BIBFRAME andlinkeddataformats;publishingandhosting
the resultingcontent
o Zepheira
o http://www.libhub.org/
 CLDI: CanadianLinkedDataInitiative
o U of Toronto; McGill U; Universite de Montreal;Uof Alberta;U of BritishColumbia;Library
& ArchivesCanada; BibliothèqueetArchivesnationalesduQuébec; Canadiana
o https://connect.library.utoronto.ca/display/U5LD/Canadian+Linked+Data+Initiative+Home
 LC LinkedData Service
o providesaccesstocommonlyfoundstandardsandvocabulariespromulgatedbythe Library
of Congress
o http://id.loc.gov/
 OCLC: multiple initiatives(W3CLinkedDataPlatform;BIBFRAME;Schema.org;Schema.orgExtend
W3C Group;OCLC Works)
o WorldCatinSchema.org
o FAST:FacetedApplicationof SubjectTerminology;http://fast.oclc.org/

7. o VIAF:Virtual International AuthorityFile;http://viaf.org/
o WorldCatEntities(orWorks);https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/linked-
data/worldcat-entities/worldcat-work-entity.en.html
o https://www.oclc.org/en-US/data.html
o https://www.oclc.org/developer/develop/linked-data.en.html
ADDENDUM:
 LibraryLink Network
o Zepheira
o “Seedingthe WebwithLibrarylocations,services,andcontent.”
o http://library.link/
 LinkedData CollaborationProgram
o Ex Libris
o Jan.2016 pressrelease;involves30+institutions
o http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/category/LinkedDataDiscussionPaper
o http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/files/Publications/LinkedDataattheServiceofLibraries.pdf
 IGELU/ELUNA Special InterestGrouponLinkedOpenData
o “achieve essential linkedopendatafeaturesinall Ex Librisproductswhere appropriate,
bothfrom the data publishing,the dataconsumingandthe data integrationperspective.”
o http://igelu.org/special-interests/lod
 Blue CloudVisibility
o SirsiDynix
o service toextractMARC recordsand transformintoBIBFRAME; enhancedwithgeographic
data
o http://www.sirsidynix.com/products/bluecloud-visibility
SLIDE 16: [businesscatimage]
Questions?
“businesscat”meme
http://es.memegenerator.net/Business-Cat
SLIDE 17: [xkcd]
https://xkcd.com/262/
ALT TEXT: “hey,at leastI ran out of staples”