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Local Self Government- Urban Local Institutions

Municipal corporations and municipal committees are the two main types of urban local self-governing bodies in India. Municipal corporations are responsible for governing large cities with populations over 1 million, and have a general council led by a mayor. Municipal committees govern smaller cities between 20,000-3 million people, and have an elected board led by a chairman. Both bodies are responsible for obligatory functions like public health, sanitation, education and infrastructure, as well as optional functions like transport, culture and welfare activities. The key differences are that municipal corporations have more powers and deal directly with state governments, while municipal committees have less authority and report through district administrations.

Education◦
Local Self Government- Urban 1
Urban Self Governing Bodies Municipal Corporation Municipal Committees Cantonment Board Port Trust Improvement Board 2 Urban Self Governing Bodies
Municipal Corporation Municipal Council Nagar Panchayat Three Tier Local Bodies for Urban Areas 3
4 Municipal Corporation/Nagar Nigam
A) Municipal Corporation- Meaning • An elected body that is responsible for running the civic affairs of a large city and looking after various needs of the people who live there is called as Municipal Corporation/Nagar Nigam. • The Constitution lists 18 subjects in the 12th Schedule which states the duties that the Municipal bodies need to complete. • These include town planning, roads, water supply, public health etc. • It is seen in cities with more than 10 lakhs population. 5
Municipal Corporation General Council The Mayor The Standing Committee A Municipal Commissioner A) Municipal Corporation a) Composition: 6
Municipal Corporation: Composition 1. General Council: a) General Council has members called as Municipal Councillors. These Councillors are elected by registered voters within the Municipal area. b) Some seats are reserved for SCs & STs in proportion to their population and atleast 1/3rd seats of the total number of seats are reserved for women. c) The no. of councillors depends upon the population of the city. d) In addition to elected members, the Council also has Aldermen, who are important and respected person of the city. They are usually elected by Councillors. e) Term: 5 years. In the case of dissolution election would be compulsorily held within six months. 7
2. Mayor: • Municipal Councillors elects Mayor and Deputy Mayor from among themselves. • Mayor is generally elected annually. In some States the Mayor is elected by general voters and in that case he would have a five-year term. Functions: • He is the First Citizen of the City. • Decides agendas for the meetings. • Presides all the meetings of the Corporation • Coordinates all the departments. • Acts as a link between Corporation and State Government. 8 Municipal Corporation: Composition
3. The Standing Committee: Standing Committee handle the different departments like: • Health • Finance • Taxation etc. 9 Municipal Corporation: Composition
4. Municipal Commissioner/ CEO of Corporation: Municipal Commissioner is elected by the State Government/ Union Government for a term of 5 years. Functions: • He heads & controls the administration of the Corporation. • As instructed by General Council gets the projects implemented. • Commissioner acts as a Secretary to the General Council and maintains records of the properties, meetings etc. • He is also the custodian (guardian) of all records & personal files of all staff members of the Corporation. 10 Municipal Corporation: Composition
Functions of Municipal Corporation Obligatory (compulsory) Discretionary (Optional) 11
Obligatory Functions of Municipal Corporation Public Health & Sanitation Electricity & Water Supply Education & Sports Public Works/ Infrastructure (roads, slum development etc) Record of Births & Deaths Miscellaneous functions (fire services, burial grounds etc) 12
Discretionary Functions of Municipal Corporation Transport Facilities Cultural Activities (library, museums, drama, music etc) Urban Forestry Sports & Recreation Welfare activities (family planning, removing poverty etc) 13
Municipal Committee Elected Board/ Council Chairman/President CEO or Secretary B) Municipal Committee/ Municipality/ Nagarpalika (20,000 to 3 lakhs) a) Composition: 14
Municipal Committee Composition: 1. Elected Board/ Council: a) It has members called as Councillors. These Councillors are elected by registered voters within the Municipal area. b) Some seats are reserved for SCs & STs in proportion to their population and atleast 23% seats of the total number of seats are reserved for women. Some states have raised it to 50% for women. c) The no. of councillors depends upon the population of the city. d) Term: 5 years. In the case of dissolution election would be compulsorily held within six months. 15
2. Chairman/Municipal President: • Councillors elect Chairman and Vice-Chairman from among themselves. In some State general voters elect the President/Chairperson. Functions of Chairman/President of Municipal Committee: (His functions are similar to the functions of a Mayor in Municipal Corporation.) • Decides agendas for the meetings. • Presides all the meetings of the Municipal Committee. • Coordinates all the departments. • Acts as a link between Municipal Committee and State Government. 16 Municipal Committee Composition:
3. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or The Secretary: • CEO controls the administration of the Municipal Committee. • He is either taken from State cadre of Municipal officers or from State Civil Service. Functions: • He heads & controls the administration of the Municipal Committee. • He distributes the work among other officers. • He prepares Budget every year. • Executive Officer acts as a Secretary to the Council and maintains records of the properties, meetings etc. • He also grants licences and contracts for various jobs. 17 Municipal Committee Composition:
Functions of Municipal Committee Obligatory (compulsory) Discretionary (Optional) 18
Obligatory Functions of Municipal Committee Public Health & Sanitation Electricity & Water Supply Education & Sports Public Works/ Infrastructure (roads, slum development etc) Record of Births & Deaths Miscellaneous functions (fire services, burial grounds etc) 19
Discretionary Functions of Municipal Committee Transport Facilities Cultural Activities (library, museums, drama, music etc) Urban Forestry Sports & Recreation Welfare activities (family planning, removing poverty etc) 20
Difference Between: Municipal Corporations 1. These are meant for big cities. 2. Its head is called as Mayor. 3. It has more powers and sources of revenue. 4. It deals with State Government directly. Municipal Committees 1. These are meant for smaller cities. 2. It head is called as Chairman/President. 3. It has less powers and sources of revenue. 4. It deals with State Government indirectly through District Administration. 21