Urban Management & Governance Structures in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy explains various urban management and governance structure found in various States and urban local bodies of India and their limitations
Urban Management & Governance Structures in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy explains various urban management and governance structure found in various States and urban local bodies of India and their limitations
This presentation is about Urban Development Policy and related programmes/ missions running in India.
'Public policy provides signals and sets the regulatory and institutional framework that influence the actions of all actors including private investors and consumers.', UN Conference on Climate Change 2021.
This presentation brief about National Urban Policy Framework, 2018 and the talks about various policies running for various sectors int the year 2022, like the Economic sector, Housing sector, Transport sector, Infrastructure, Industry, Informal sector, Tourism, Environment and Climate Change.
REGIONAL PLAN: A CASE OF MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGIONYash Shah
Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land-use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town. Regional planning is a sub-field of urban planning as it relates land use practices on a broader scale. It also includes formulating laws that will guide the efficient planning and management of such said regions.
Regions require various land uses; protection of farmland, cities, industrial space, transportation hubs and infrastructure, military bases, and wilderness. Regional planning is the science of efficient placement of infrastructure and zoning for the sustainable growth of a region. Advocates for regional planning such as new urbanist Peter Calthorpe, promote the approach because it can address region-wide environmental, social, and economic issues which may necessarily require a regional focus.
A ‘region’ in planning terms can be administrative or at least partially functional, and is likely to include a network of settlements and character areas. In most European countries, regional and national plans are ‘spatial’ directing certain levels of development to specific cities and towns in order to support and manage the region depending on specific needs, for example supporting or resisting polycentrism.
The Mumbai Metropolitan Planning Committee (MMPC) was formed under the provisions of the Maharashtra Metropolitan Planning Committee Act 1999 and has been entrusted with the task of preparing a Regional Plan for the Mumbai Metropolitan Area with help from MMRDA. Currently, the Regional Plan 1996 is in operation which was prepared by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) and sanctioned in 1999. The MMRDA was established under the MMRDA Act, 1974 and undertook the revision of the First regional plan prepared by the Regional Planning Board and sanctioned in 1973, under the provisions of the MR& TP Act, 1966.
A webinar conducted for the students and professionals who were interested in learning about Town Planning Scheme model of land management - self-sufficient tool famous with Gujarat State urban centres.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Panchayats have been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of recorded history. Gandhiji, the father of the nation, in 1946 had aptly remarked that the Indian Independence must begin at the bottom and every village ought to be a Republic or Panchayat having powers. Gandhiji dream has been translated into reality with the introduction of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system to ensure people’s participation in rural reconstruction.
An integrated local area plan, based on specific needs of each area, was stressed upon from the beginning of plan development process in 1950s. However, despite several reports and studies, there were only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning.
The passage of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 marks a new era in the federal democratic set up of the country and provides constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). These PRIs are empowered to function as institutions of Self Government and to prepare plans for economic development and social justice and their empowerment. The PRIs constitute the bedrock for the implementation of most of Rural Development Programmes.
Panchayati Raj system of governance provides a 3-tier structure of local governance in which Gram Panchayats are the basic units of administration. The three-tiers include the following: Gram Panchayat, Block Panchayat, and District Panchayat. Panchayats are responsible for the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; implementation of national schemes; and to levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees.Govt. of India has elaborated a detailed picture of District Planning through their publication "Manual for Integrated District Planning". This manual will provide guidance in the task of preparing District Plans that are based on a long-term vision, reflect the needs of the people and provide a framework for convergence of programmes and resources so that implementation of the plan yields optimal outcomes and helps address regional imbalances, with a view of bringing all areas of the country into a twenty-first century vision of development.
“District Planning” is the process of preparing an integrated plan for the Local Government in a District taking into account the resources available and covering the sectoral activities and schemes assigned to the district level below and those implemented through local governments in the state.” It ensures better delivery of services and efficient use of resources
Review of Development Plans/ Master Plans of selected cities of India.KARTHICK KRISHNA
This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.
Panchayats have been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of the recorded history. Gandhiji s dream of every village being a republic or Panchayats having powers has been translated into reality with the introduction of three-tier Panchayati Raj system to enlist people’s participation in rural reconstruction
74th Amendment of India.74th amendment is all about people of India who are in India since a long time .
It is necessary to know about it for people's welfare. Even you can make to learn more people from you.
This presentation is about Urban Development Policy and related programmes/ missions running in India.
'Public policy provides signals and sets the regulatory and institutional framework that influence the actions of all actors including private investors and consumers.', UN Conference on Climate Change 2021.
This presentation brief about National Urban Policy Framework, 2018 and the talks about various policies running for various sectors int the year 2022, like the Economic sector, Housing sector, Transport sector, Infrastructure, Industry, Informal sector, Tourism, Environment and Climate Change.
REGIONAL PLAN: A CASE OF MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGIONYash Shah
Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land-use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town. Regional planning is a sub-field of urban planning as it relates land use practices on a broader scale. It also includes formulating laws that will guide the efficient planning and management of such said regions.
Regions require various land uses; protection of farmland, cities, industrial space, transportation hubs and infrastructure, military bases, and wilderness. Regional planning is the science of efficient placement of infrastructure and zoning for the sustainable growth of a region. Advocates for regional planning such as new urbanist Peter Calthorpe, promote the approach because it can address region-wide environmental, social, and economic issues which may necessarily require a regional focus.
A ‘region’ in planning terms can be administrative or at least partially functional, and is likely to include a network of settlements and character areas. In most European countries, regional and national plans are ‘spatial’ directing certain levels of development to specific cities and towns in order to support and manage the region depending on specific needs, for example supporting or resisting polycentrism.
The Mumbai Metropolitan Planning Committee (MMPC) was formed under the provisions of the Maharashtra Metropolitan Planning Committee Act 1999 and has been entrusted with the task of preparing a Regional Plan for the Mumbai Metropolitan Area with help from MMRDA. Currently, the Regional Plan 1996 is in operation which was prepared by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) and sanctioned in 1999. The MMRDA was established under the MMRDA Act, 1974 and undertook the revision of the First regional plan prepared by the Regional Planning Board and sanctioned in 1973, under the provisions of the MR& TP Act, 1966.
A webinar conducted for the students and professionals who were interested in learning about Town Planning Scheme model of land management - self-sufficient tool famous with Gujarat State urban centres.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-2007JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the intent, content and scope of National Housing Policy 2007; Housing Finance Institutions, PMAY(U), in the context of housing for all in urban India
Panchayats have been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of recorded history. Gandhiji, the father of the nation, in 1946 had aptly remarked that the Indian Independence must begin at the bottom and every village ought to be a Republic or Panchayat having powers. Gandhiji dream has been translated into reality with the introduction of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system to ensure people’s participation in rural reconstruction.
An integrated local area plan, based on specific needs of each area, was stressed upon from the beginning of plan development process in 1950s. However, despite several reports and studies, there were only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning.
The passage of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 marks a new era in the federal democratic set up of the country and provides constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). These PRIs are empowered to function as institutions of Self Government and to prepare plans for economic development and social justice and their empowerment. The PRIs constitute the bedrock for the implementation of most of Rural Development Programmes.
Panchayati Raj system of governance provides a 3-tier structure of local governance in which Gram Panchayats are the basic units of administration. The three-tiers include the following: Gram Panchayat, Block Panchayat, and District Panchayat. Panchayats are responsible for the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; implementation of national schemes; and to levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees.Govt. of India has elaborated a detailed picture of District Planning through their publication "Manual for Integrated District Planning". This manual will provide guidance in the task of preparing District Plans that are based on a long-term vision, reflect the needs of the people and provide a framework for convergence of programmes and resources so that implementation of the plan yields optimal outcomes and helps address regional imbalances, with a view of bringing all areas of the country into a twenty-first century vision of development.
“District Planning” is the process of preparing an integrated plan for the Local Government in a District taking into account the resources available and covering the sectoral activities and schemes assigned to the district level below and those implemented through local governments in the state.” It ensures better delivery of services and efficient use of resources
Review of Development Plans/ Master Plans of selected cities of India.KARTHICK KRISHNA
This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.
Panchayats have been the backbone of the Indian villages since the beginning of the recorded history. Gandhiji s dream of every village being a republic or Panchayats having powers has been translated into reality with the introduction of three-tier Panchayati Raj system to enlist people’s participation in rural reconstruction
74th Amendment of India.74th amendment is all about people of India who are in India since a long time .
It is necessary to know about it for people's welfare. Even you can make to learn more people from you.
Presentation describes the journey of Chandigarh Master Plan right from its inception and tries to bring out facts which have gone into making of the Master Plan of 2013
The presentation is an attempt to trace the history of Chandigarh Master Plan. It showcases also the making of Chandigarh Capital city and the making of Chandigarh Master Plan-2031
#Supplies of Services By / To Government or Local Authorities# By SN Panig...SN Panigrahi, PMP
#Supplies of Services By / To Government or Local Authorities# By SN Panigrahi,
Essenpee Business Solutions,
What is Mean by Govt. or Local Authorities?,
Services Provided By / To Government / Local Authorities,
Services Attracting RCM,
Services Exempted,
Services Attracting GST
ANALYSIS OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN INDIA Gaurav Purohit
INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, STRUCTURE OF URBAN LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, FUNCTIONS, TYPES, PROBLEM AREAS OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT, CONCLUSION
Problems and Issues with Indian UrbanisationRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses legislative, policy and financial problems and issues associated with Indian Urban Sector / Urbanisation.
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
2. WHAT IS AMENDMENT OF THE
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA?
Amendments of the Constitution of
India is the process of making changes to
the nation's fundamental law or supreme
law.
The procedure of amendment in the
constitution is laid down in Part XX
(Article 368) of the Constitution of India.
3. WHAT IS 74TH AMENDMENT
ACT
‘74 constitutional amendment act’ 1992 is aimed to strengthen ULBS
through devolution of power towards decentralization
The aim and objectives of 74th con. Amendment is:
1. To set up institutional mechanism to facilitate decentralization.
2. Demarcate role of ULBs &specify their function
3. Specify areas deemed as urban to include new urbanizing areas.
4. Ensure representation of pubic specially deprived class/woman
5. Ensure that ULBs are not superseded
4. WHAT IS 74TH AMENDMENT
ACT
REASONS:
1. Urban areas and their governance have always been a subject of interest
and have traversed various territories, sometimes slippery, sometimes
firm, but always a matter of discussion and a favorite of policy making.
2. Efforts have been made by the government repeatedly to create smooth
and efficient ways of managing urban affairs. Another leap in this
direction was the 74th Amendment Act of the Constitution in 1992.
3. At that time it was considered a path breaking amendment because it
aimed at the creation of local governments and dissolution of powers to
them in the respective states.
4. It outlined a broad framework of institutions that would act as the local
governments and would ultimately bridge the gap between the
government and the governed.
5. The 73rd Amendment Act, which is known as the sister amendment
aimed at the creation of stronger, active bodies at the local level in the
rural areas.
5. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
74TH AMENDMENT ACT
1. The process to amend the constitution was initiated by the then
“Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi” during 1989.
2. Finally passed during December' 1992 and effective with effect
from April '1993.
3. Since the urban development is the state subject, all the state
was to enforce the provision of above amendment through
amendment of respective bye-laws of states within a year
6. 74th CAA
CONTENTS OF 74TH AMENDMENT:
ARTICLE 243 - the Indian Constitution was amended by the Constitution Act 1956,
which brought in the definitions of Panchayats and Municipalities within the ambit of
the Constitution.
Article 243 P- Metropolitan Area means an area having a population of ten lakhs
or more, comprised in one or more districts, and consisting of two or more
Municipalities or Panchayats or other contiguous areas, specified by the Governor by
public notification to be a Metropolitan Area for the purposes of this Part.
Article 243 Q - Municipal Area means the territorial area of a Municipality as is
notified by the Governor or State Government – Municipality
Article 243 S - Municipality will be divided into territorial constituencies known
as Wards.
Article 243 T – SC and ST reservation according to the population - and women
will be given one-third reserved seats
Article 243 U - 5-year term to the Municipalities, with the opportunity to be
heard if they are to be dissolved or superseded
Article 243 W- lays down some of the powers and functions of the Municipalities
as listed out under the Twelfth Schedule
7. Feature
Constitution of three types of municipalities:
(i) nagar panchayats for areas in transition from rural area to urban area;
(ii) municipal council for smaller urban areas;
(iii) municipal corporation for larger urban areas.
Composition of municipalities, which will be decided by the legislature of a
state having the following features:
(i) person to be chosen by direct election;
(ii) representation of chairpersons of committees, if any, at ward or other levels
in the municipalities;
(iii) representation of the persons having special knowledge or experience of
municipal administration in municipalities (without voting rights);
Election of chairpersons of a municipality in the manner specified in the state
law;
Constitution of committees at ward level or other level or levels within the
territorial are of a municipality as may be provided in the state law;
8. Reservation of seats in every municipalities-
for SC and ST in proportion to their population of which not less than one-
third shall be for women;
for women which shall not less than one-third of total number of seats;
in the favour of backward class of citizens if so provided by the legislature of
the state;
for SC and ST and women in the office of the chairpersons as may be in the
state law;
Fixed tenure of 5 years for the municipality and re-election within six months of
end of tenure. if a municipality is dissolved before expiration of its duration ,
election to be held within a period of six months of its dissolution;
Devolution by the state legislature of powers and responsibilities. Upon the
municipalities with respect to preparation of plans for economic development and
social justice, and for the implementation of development scheme as may be
required to enable them to function as institution of self-government;
Levy of taxes and duties by municipalities, assigning of such taxes and duties to
municipalities by state govt. and for making grants-in-aid by the state to the
municipalities as may be provided in the state law;
9. A finance commission to review the finances of the municipalities;
Audit of accounts of the municipal corporations by the comptroller
and auditor general of india and laying of reports before the
legislature of the municipal corporation concerned;
Making of law by a state legislature with respect to elections to the
municipalities to be conducted under the superintendence, direction
and control of chief electoral officer of the state;
Application of the provisions of the bill to any union territory or part
thereof with such modifications may be specified by the president-
exempting schedule areas and areas from the application of the
provision of the bill;
Disqualifications for membership of a municipality;
Bar of juridiction of courts in matters relating to elections to the
municipalities.
10. 74 TH CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT ACT AND ITS IMPLICATION
ON THE STATUTORY PROCESS IN TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
11. First UDPFI Guidelines were prepared in 1996 in consonance with the
provisions of 74th CAA .
Part 2 contained suggested changes required in Model Regional and Town
Planning and Development Law (Volume 2A) and modifications in Town
Planning Acts of Maharashtra {Volume 2B) and Gujarat (Volume 2C).
The objective of the Volume 2 A and B was to guide the State governments
to incorporate the provision especially of preparation Metropolitan and
District Plan
However, most of the State Governments did not incorporate the
provisions in the Town and Country Planning Acts as suggested by UDPFI
Guidelines,1996.
An attempt was made under the JNNURM wherein one of the reform was
to comply with 74th CAA with reference to constitution of both MPC and
DPC.
States have constituted MPC and DPC but without strong professional
backup for preparing both metropolitan and district plans.
74rd AMENDMENT ACT IN TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
12. Rather ,the Acts needs reforms in view of compliance to 74th CAA and host
of emerging issues which calls for
Expeditious completion of Master Plan process Need based and speedy
change of Land use Re engineering the overall regulatory framework.
Provision for notifying the sectoral plans.
Urban Policies at the State level
Constitution of State Regulatory body
74rd AMENDMENT ACT IN TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
13. URBAN FINANACE- DEVOLUTION OF SOURCE OF REVENU
ETHROUGH SFCs
1. The 74th amendment directs state governments to constitute state finance
commission in line with central finance commission once in 5 years.
2. SFCs responsibility is to decide on sharing of state's tax, duties, tolls between state
and municipalities and also distribution between municipalities of the state.
3. It would suggest for improvement in financial position.
4. Though all the states have established SFCs delay in implementation of SFCs
suggestion are observed by most of the states.
5. There is also necessity for capacity building to comply SFCs guidelines.
6. It is also important to maintain balance between the Function and Finance.
7. Many of the States are yet to adopt new approaches to levy tax etc. to improve
financial base
74rd AMENDMENT ACT AND ITS EFECT ON URBAN INSTITITIONS
14. FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN-12™ SCHEDULE
The state legislations to assign 18 functions to ULBs as per 12th schedule related to
planning, infrastructure, public health, solid waste, fire service, environment,
poverty alleviation, amenities, culture, education, aesthetic etc. The details are
narrated below:
1. Urban planning including town planning.
2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
3. Planning for economic and social development.
4. Roads and bridges.
5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.
7. Fire services.
8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological
aspects.
15. 9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the
handicapped and mentally retarded.
10. Slum improvement and upgradation.
11. Urban poverty alleviation.
12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens,
playgrounds.
13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
14. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds; and electric
crematoriums.
15. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.
17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and
public conveniences.
18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.
16. PLANNING AT DECENTRALISED LEVEL
In order to decentralize planning activity the 74th amendment directs for formation of
District planning committee and Metropolitan planning committee
1.DISTRICT PLANNING COMMITTEE:
District planning committee is to be set up to integrate planning for urban and rural areas.
4/5th of the representation shall be from elected members with representation from rural
and urban areas on proportionate basis. Public representatives are expected to provide
real needs, fix priorities, formulate policies of people. The responsibility of DPC is here in
under:
• To consolidate plan prepared by Panchayats and municipalities
• To prepare draft development plan considering economic development and social
justice.
• To look after common interest between Panchayats and municipalities including spatial
planning.
• To recommend socio-economic district development plan to state
• To integrate development of infrastructure.
• To available of resources and finances.
• To promote integrated and participatory planning
74rd AMENDMENT ACT AND ITS EFECT ON URBAN INSTITITIONS
17. PLANNING AT DECENTRALISED LEVEL
In order to decentralize planning activity the 74th amendment directs for formation
of District planning committee and Metropolitan planning committee
2.METROPOLITAN PLANNING COMMITTEE:
1. Metropolitan planning committee is to be set up with the similar objectives DPCs
at metropolitan cities ( 35 Nos) having population more than 10 lacs.
2. 2/3th of the representation shall be from elected members with representation
from rural and urban areas on proportionate basis.
3. MPCs shall act with overall objectives and priorities of Gol/ State and investment
need. While only West Bengal has constituted the MPCs namely Kolkata
metropolitan Committee, Maharastra is in the process of setting up the
committee.
4. With the constitution of MPC, there is a need to define role of development
authorities, state depts like roads, PHE, water supply, Housing Board. There may
be also conflict between DPC and MPC in respect of jurisdiction. Since the MPC is
a new body it is required to be equipped with professionals like town planners for
preparation of spatial planning. Most of the state is required to amend their town
and country planning act
74rd AMENDMENT ACT AND ITS EFECT ON URBAN INSTITITIONS
18. PLANNING AT DECENTRALISED LEVEL
In order to decentralize planning activity the 74th amendment directs for formation
of District planning committee and Metropolitan planning committee
2.METROPOLITAN PLANNING COMMITTEE:
As per the UDPFI guidelines formulated Govt, of India following responsibilities are
made in addition to above:
1. Formulate development goals , objective sand policies
2. Perspective plan within 5 years
3. Development plan within 2 years
4. Metropolitan area annual plan
5. Consult professional organizations like CII.FCCI for monitoring and resolve
conflict.
74rd AMENDMENT ACT AND ITS EFECT ON URBAN INSTITITIONS