Lo hedy liang(19403147)
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Beats occur when two sounds waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other, causing the resulting amplitude to increase and decrease over time. The rate at which the amplitude oscillates between high and low volumes is called the beat frequency. The beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two interfering waves. For example, if a 100 Hz tone and 105 Hz tone are played together, their 5 Hz difference in frequency would cause the amplitude to beat at 5 Hz.
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Learning objective -- Beats
Beats occur when two sounds waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other, causing the resulting amplitude to increase and decrease over time. The rate at which the amplitude oscillates between high and low volumes is called the beat frequency. The beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two interfering waves. For example, if a 100 Hz tone and 105 Hz tone are played together, their 5 Hz difference in frequency would cause the amplitude to beat at 5 Hz.
Beats: The Interference of Waves with Different Frequencies
This document explains what beats are and how they are created by the interference of two waves with different frequencies. When two waves with frequencies of 10 Hz and 11 Hz are superimposed, they will oscillate between constructive and destructive interference, creating a new wave with a frequency of 1 Hz called the beat frequency. The beat frequency is calculated by taking the absolute value of the difference between the two original frequencies. As an example, two sound waves with frequencies of 35 Hz and 39 Hz will produce a beat with a frequency of 4 Hz.
LO8, Physics 101, Beats
Beats occur when two sounds waves of similar but not identical frequencies interfere with each other. The difference in frequencies produces a fluctuation in volume that is heard as a periodic pulsing known as the beat frequency. Beats are caused by constructive and destructive interference between waves. When calculating beats, the beat frequency is equal to the difference between the two sound wave frequencies. The average frequency heard is equal to the sum of the frequencies divided by two. Interfering waves of different frequencies will produce a new wave with an amplitude equal to twice the amplitude of the original waves.
Lo8 upload
This is a Learning object for physics 101 at UBC.This powerpoint presentation explains the concept of beats and beat frequency and includes word problems to further solidify one's understanding.
Phys 101 learning object lo7 8 beats
Two waves with slightly different frequencies combine to produce beats. When the crests or troughs of the waves coincide, the amplitude and sound level is at its maximum. When the waves are out of phase, the amplitude decreases and the sound level is at its minimum. Beats are the periodic variation in sound level that occurs due to interference between two waves of slightly different frequencies. The beat frequency is defined as the difference between the two frequencies, and the human ear can differentiate beat frequencies up to 10 beats per second. For two tuning forks with frequencies of 200Hz and 204Hz respectively, the beat frequency is 4Hz. A cellist tuning his cello string to a 262Hz tuning fork hears 5 beats per second,
Learning object 2
The document discusses beats, which occur when two sounds with similar frequencies interact. Beats are heard as a modulation in volume as the waves alternately interfere constructively and destructively. When trying to tune a flute to a tuner emitting 440Hz, but the flute is playing at 434Hz, beats will be heard at a frequency of 6Hz as the two tones modulate together. The overall tone heard will be the average frequency of 437Hz.
Physics 101 lo8 (week 10)
A learning object that explains the concept of how constructive and destructive interference between two sound waves with varying frequncies produces beats. Practice problems with answers are included to improve understanding.
Standing waves (lo)
The document discusses standing waves, which are created when two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere. A series of diagrams show how the overlapping crests and troughs of the two waves create a standing wave pattern with fixed nodes and antinodes. Key properties of a standing wave are that the wave pattern remains fixed in space, while the displacement changes over time, and it has maximum amplitude at antinodes and zero amplitude at nodes. The document contrasts standing waves with normal traveling waves in terms of their amplitude, frequency, wavelength, phase, and energy properties.
Recommended
Learning objective -- Beats
Beats occur when two sounds waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other, causing the resulting amplitude to increase and decrease over time. The rate at which the amplitude oscillates between high and low volumes is called the beat frequency. The beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two interfering waves. For example, if a 100 Hz tone and 105 Hz tone are played together, their 5 Hz difference in frequency would cause the amplitude to beat at 5 Hz.
Beats: The Interference of Waves with Different Frequencies
This document explains what beats are and how they are created by the interference of two waves with different frequencies. When two waves with frequencies of 10 Hz and 11 Hz are superimposed, they will oscillate between constructive and destructive interference, creating a new wave with a frequency of 1 Hz called the beat frequency. The beat frequency is calculated by taking the absolute value of the difference between the two original frequencies. As an example, two sound waves with frequencies of 35 Hz and 39 Hz will produce a beat with a frequency of 4 Hz.
LO8, Physics 101, Beats
Beats occur when two sounds waves of similar but not identical frequencies interfere with each other. The difference in frequencies produces a fluctuation in volume that is heard as a periodic pulsing known as the beat frequency. Beats are caused by constructive and destructive interference between waves. When calculating beats, the beat frequency is equal to the difference between the two sound wave frequencies. The average frequency heard is equal to the sum of the frequencies divided by two. Interfering waves of different frequencies will produce a new wave with an amplitude equal to twice the amplitude of the original waves.
Lo8 upload
This is a Learning object for physics 101 at UBC.This powerpoint presentation explains the concept of beats and beat frequency and includes word problems to further solidify one's understanding.
Phys 101 learning object lo7 8 beats
Two waves with slightly different frequencies combine to produce beats. When the crests or troughs of the waves coincide, the amplitude and sound level is at its maximum. When the waves are out of phase, the amplitude decreases and the sound level is at its minimum. Beats are the periodic variation in sound level that occurs due to interference between two waves of slightly different frequencies. The beat frequency is defined as the difference between the two frequencies, and the human ear can differentiate beat frequencies up to 10 beats per second. For two tuning forks with frequencies of 200Hz and 204Hz respectively, the beat frequency is 4Hz. A cellist tuning his cello string to a 262Hz tuning fork hears 5 beats per second,
Learning object 2
The document discusses beats, which occur when two sounds with similar frequencies interact. Beats are heard as a modulation in volume as the waves alternately interfere constructively and destructively. When trying to tune a flute to a tuner emitting 440Hz, but the flute is playing at 434Hz, beats will be heard at a frequency of 6Hz as the two tones modulate together. The overall tone heard will be the average frequency of 437Hz.
Physics 101 lo8 (week 10)
A learning object that explains the concept of how constructive and destructive interference between two sound waves with varying frequncies produces beats. Practice problems with answers are included to improve understanding.
Standing waves (lo)
The document discusses standing waves, which are created when two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere. A series of diagrams show how the overlapping crests and troughs of the two waves create a standing wave pattern with fixed nodes and antinodes. Key properties of a standing wave are that the wave pattern remains fixed in space, while the displacement changes over time, and it has maximum amplitude at antinodes and zero amplitude at nodes. The document contrasts standing waves with normal traveling waves in terms of their amplitude, frequency, wavelength, phase, and energy properties.
Lo7
Huygens' principle states that every point on a wavefront can be considered a secondary source of spherical wavelets. For a 3D sound wave propagating from a single point source, the wavefront takes the form of a sphere. Applying Huygens' principle by considering points on the spherical wavefront as secondary sources and drawing circles around each, the resulting wave is determined by the tangents of these new circles. Over time, the original spherical wavefront evolves into a more complex shape as determined by the interference of waves from the secondary sources.
Sound waves
You will hear a beat frequency of 6 Hz as the two tuning forks oscillate in and out of phase with each other at a rate of 6 times per second.
Xinqi shao (40497133) lo7
This document discusses 2D wave interference. It explains that in 3D waves propagate in different orientations resulting in varying phase differences based on position, unlike 1D waves where phase does not change with time or position. Constructive interference occurs when waves are in phase at a point, while destructive interference is when one wave is positive and the other negative at a point. For two spherical waves, the path difference between sources and a point of interference must be an integer multiple of the wavelength for constructive interference or half-integer multiple for destructive interference. The document provides an example where the path difference between sources for destructive interference at a speaker is half a wavelength.
the doppler effect by Brigette Wee
The Doppler Effect describes how the frequency of a wave is altered depending on the relative motion between the source of the wave and the receiver. When the source and receiver are moving towards each other, the received frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. When they are moving away from each other, the received frequency is lower. This phenomenon can be expressed through a Doppler Effect equation where the signs in the numerator and denominator depend on whether the source and receiver are moving towards or away from each other. The document then provides examples of applying the Doppler Effect equation to different scenarios involving a stationary or moving source and receiver, including calculating the frequency detected by a female whale from a sound wave emitted by a male whale as they move towards each other to mate
Learning object 7
Two sound waves that are close in frequency will interfere with each other, creating a phenomenon known as beats. Beats occur when the amplitude of the resulting sound wave varies over time due to the constructive and destructive interference between the two waves. The beat frequency is equal to the difference between the two original frequencies. Musicians can use beats to tune instruments by adjusting frequencies until the beating stops.
LO4 - Sound Waves
This powerpoint presentation looks at some properties of sound waves and explains the relationship between displacement and pressure of sound waves with a practice problem at the end.
Standing waves (lo)
The document discusses standing waves, which are created when two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere. A series of diagrams show how the overlapping crests and troughs of the two waves create a standing wave pattern with fixed nodes and antinodes. Key properties of a standing wave are that the wave pattern remains fixed in space, while the displacement changes over time, and it has maximum amplitude at antinodes and zero amplitude at nodes. Standing waves differ from normal traveling waves in their amplitude, wavelength, phase, and energy distribution patterns.
LO8: Beat Frequency
Two sound waves or light flashes with similar but different frequencies cause alternating constructive and destructive interference, producing a beat. The beat frequency is equal to the absolute value of the difference between the two frequencies. For example, a piano tuner notices a 2 Hz beat between a piano string at 438 Hz or 442 Hz and a 440 Hz tuning fork. When he tightens the string, increasing its frequency to 442 Hz, the beat stays at 2 Hz. A child watching trees pass at 10 m/s sees them flicker at 1 tree per second due to a 4 Hz flashlight beat with the 5 trees per second frequency.
LO 6: Beats - Prachyawanich Khotawanich
A beat is a variation in amplitude that occurs when two sounds waves with slightly different frequencies are played simultaneously. The rate at which the amplitude varies, known as the beat frequency, is equal to the difference between the two original frequencies. Beats can be used by musicians to tune their instruments by adjusting the frequency until the beating stops. The human ear can detect a frequency difference as small as 3 Hz for tones around 440 Hz. Playing a 440 Hz and 443 Hz tone together would produce beats with a frequency of 3 Hz, which is easily detectable by the human ear.
Lo 6 standing wave on a string
Standing waves are created on a string fixed at both ends when waves traveling in opposite directions interfere and superimpose. Nodes occur where the amplitude is zero, while antinodes have maximum amplitude. For a string of length L fixed at both ends, standing waves can only occur at wavelengths of λ=2L/m, where m is a positive integer. The fundamental frequency corresponds to the longest wavelength of λ=2L and higher harmonics have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental.
Harmonic waves
This document discusses harmonic waves in whale sounds. It explains that whales produce sounds for navigation, communication, and hunting. It provides information about the speed of sound in air and water and the hearing ranges of humans and whales. It then presents two questions - the first asks if a whale can sense a sound produced by humans on a boat, and the second asks if a human can hear whistles produced by a whale. Both questions are worked out step-by-step using equations to find frequency from wavelength or wavelength from wave number in order to determine if the sounds fall within the hearing ranges.
Lo8
Two waves that are close in frequency, when combined, produce a beat pattern where the amplitude increases and decreases over time as heard by the human ear. Beats occur due to the interference created by two waves interacting, with the beat frequency equal to the difference between the two original frequencies. For example, two cellos slightly out of tune at 249Hz and 245Hz would produce a beat frequency of 4Hz.
Explaining c 15-2
1) The document discusses interference patterns that occur when two waves interact.
2) It explains that constructive interference occurs when wave crests meet, which happens when the distance traveled is a multiple of the wavelength. Destructive interference occurs when a crest meets a trough, requiring a half wavelength phase difference.
3) When the two waves are out of phase by pi, the interference pattern will be similar to the original but with constructive and destructive points switched, as the distance differences causing interference are changed by half a wavelength.
Learning Objects 7 - Beats and Beat Frequency
A powerpoint presentation of what beats are, and what beat frequency is in physics. It also explains how instruments are tuned.
LO 7/8
Beat frequency occurs when two sounds waves of slightly different frequencies interfere. The beat frequency is calculated as the absolute value of the difference between the two sound wave frequencies. In the example provided, two tones of 230 Hz and 235 Hz are played together, resulting in a beat frequency of 5 Hz, calculated as the absolute value of 235 Hz - 230 Hz. While both Jessica and Simon used the correct formula, only Jessica accounted for the absolute value, making her answer correct. Beat frequencies above 30 Hz are heard as a tone, while those between 20-30 Hz are heard as beats. Lower beat frequencies down to 1 Hz can still be detected.
Learning object 7&8 (Beats)
When two sounds waves of different frequencies reach the ear, they undergo interference. This interference causes the sound to become alternately softer and louder, known as "beating". Beats occur due to the interference of two waves at the same point in space. When two cosine waves of different frequencies are superimposed, they result in components at the sum and difference of the frequencies. The first term gives the phenomenon of beats, with a beat frequency equal to the difference between the mixed frequencies.
Physics LO - Investigation of Standing Waves on Strings
This document discusses standing waves on strings. It defines standing waves as occurring from the interference of two waves moving in opposite directions with identical properties. Standing waves form nodes and antinodes due to constructive and destructive interference. The frequency of standing waves can be decreased by making the string longer, using a thicker string, or decreasing the tension. The document works through multiple choice and multi-part problems applying the formulas for string frequency and wave speed to calculate values for a specific string's harmonics and speed.
Physics LO - Investigation of Standing Waves on Strings (Updated)
This document discusses standing waves on strings. It defines standing waves as occurring from the interference of two waves moving in opposite directions with identical properties. Standing waves form nodes and antinodes due to constructive and destructive interference. The frequency of standing waves can be decreased by making the string longer, using a thicker string, or decreasing the tension. The document works through multiple choice and multi-part problems applying the formulas for string frequency and wave speed to calculate values for a specific string's harmonics and speed.
noise
This document discusses analog communication and noise. It defines noise as unwanted energy that interferes with signal reception and reproduction. Noise is classified as either external noise generated outside receivers, like atmospheric or man-made noise, or internal noise generated within receivers, like thermal, flicker, and transit-time noise. Thermal noise is generated by random molecule motion, while flicker noise occurs at low audio frequencies in transistors. Transit-time noise arises during electron transit time in transistors at very high frequencies. Signal-to-noise ratio is the power ratio of signal to noise, and noise figure is the ratio of input to output signal-to-noise ratios of a receiver. Simple noise problems can be solved using the provided formulas.
Beat
This document discusses key concepts related to waves and the Doppler effect. It defines waves, beat frequency, diffraction and the Doppler effect. It then provides the equations to calculate the observed frequency when the source is moving towards the observer, and when the observer is moving towards a stationary source. The Doppler effect has applications in areas like traffic control, aviation, astrophysics and medicine.
Adn
Este documento describe la estructura química del ADN. Explica que el ADN está compuesto de nucleótidos formados por desoxirribosa, fosfato y una de las cuatro bases nitrogenadas (adenina, guanina, citosina o timina). Los nucleótidos se unen mediante enlaces fosfodiéster entre los azúcares. También describe las configuraciones A, B y Z del ADN, señalando que la configuración B es la forma predominante en las células y la propuesta original de Watson y Crick.
New base 561 special 16 march 2015
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 16 March 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Qatar: Energy exports term sales to help Qatar ‘partially shield’ its budget from price fall, says IIF
• UAE :DEWA announces Shams Dubai to regulate generation of solar energy in buildings and connection to its grid Iraq: Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation Farms Into Block 9
• Iraq: Oil majors companies offer to cut 2015 spending
• China’s plan to grow cleaner, but economical difficulties a head
• Oil prices drop again and countries build up inventories
• Oil Falls to 6-Year Low as Dollar Holds Gain; China Shares Rally
• U.S. Seeks More Crude for Strategic Reserve After 2014 Sale
• IEA Sees China, India Filling Strategic Reserves With Cheap Oil
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
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What's hot
Lo7
Huygens' principle states that every point on a wavefront can be considered a secondary source of spherical wavelets. For a 3D sound wave propagating from a single point source, the wavefront takes the form of a sphere. Applying Huygens' principle by considering points on the spherical wavefront as secondary sources and drawing circles around each, the resulting wave is determined by the tangents of these new circles. Over time, the original spherical wavefront evolves into a more complex shape as determined by the interference of waves from the secondary sources.
Sound waves
You will hear a beat frequency of 6 Hz as the two tuning forks oscillate in and out of phase with each other at a rate of 6 times per second.
Xinqi shao (40497133) lo7
This document discusses 2D wave interference. It explains that in 3D waves propagate in different orientations resulting in varying phase differences based on position, unlike 1D waves where phase does not change with time or position. Constructive interference occurs when waves are in phase at a point, while destructive interference is when one wave is positive and the other negative at a point. For two spherical waves, the path difference between sources and a point of interference must be an integer multiple of the wavelength for constructive interference or half-integer multiple for destructive interference. The document provides an example where the path difference between sources for destructive interference at a speaker is half a wavelength.
the doppler effect by Brigette Wee
The Doppler Effect describes how the frequency of a wave is altered depending on the relative motion between the source of the wave and the receiver. When the source and receiver are moving towards each other, the received frequency is higher than the emitted frequency. When they are moving away from each other, the received frequency is lower. This phenomenon can be expressed through a Doppler Effect equation where the signs in the numerator and denominator depend on whether the source and receiver are moving towards or away from each other. The document then provides examples of applying the Doppler Effect equation to different scenarios involving a stationary or moving source and receiver, including calculating the frequency detected by a female whale from a sound wave emitted by a male whale as they move towards each other to mate
Learning object 7
Two sound waves that are close in frequency will interfere with each other, creating a phenomenon known as beats. Beats occur when the amplitude of the resulting sound wave varies over time due to the constructive and destructive interference between the two waves. The beat frequency is equal to the difference between the two original frequencies. Musicians can use beats to tune instruments by adjusting frequencies until the beating stops.
LO4 - Sound Waves
This powerpoint presentation looks at some properties of sound waves and explains the relationship between displacement and pressure of sound waves with a practice problem at the end.
Standing waves (lo)
The document discusses standing waves, which are created when two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions interfere. A series of diagrams show how the overlapping crests and troughs of the two waves create a standing wave pattern with fixed nodes and antinodes. Key properties of a standing wave are that the wave pattern remains fixed in space, while the displacement changes over time, and it has maximum amplitude at antinodes and zero amplitude at nodes. Standing waves differ from normal traveling waves in their amplitude, wavelength, phase, and energy distribution patterns.
LO8: Beat Frequency
Two sound waves or light flashes with similar but different frequencies cause alternating constructive and destructive interference, producing a beat. The beat frequency is equal to the absolute value of the difference between the two frequencies. For example, a piano tuner notices a 2 Hz beat between a piano string at 438 Hz or 442 Hz and a 440 Hz tuning fork. When he tightens the string, increasing its frequency to 442 Hz, the beat stays at 2 Hz. A child watching trees pass at 10 m/s sees them flicker at 1 tree per second due to a 4 Hz flashlight beat with the 5 trees per second frequency.
LO 6: Beats - Prachyawanich Khotawanich
A beat is a variation in amplitude that occurs when two sounds waves with slightly different frequencies are played simultaneously. The rate at which the amplitude varies, known as the beat frequency, is equal to the difference between the two original frequencies. Beats can be used by musicians to tune their instruments by adjusting the frequency until the beating stops. The human ear can detect a frequency difference as small as 3 Hz for tones around 440 Hz. Playing a 440 Hz and 443 Hz tone together would produce beats with a frequency of 3 Hz, which is easily detectable by the human ear.
Lo 6 standing wave on a string
Standing waves are created on a string fixed at both ends when waves traveling in opposite directions interfere and superimpose. Nodes occur where the amplitude is zero, while antinodes have maximum amplitude. For a string of length L fixed at both ends, standing waves can only occur at wavelengths of λ=2L/m, where m is a positive integer. The fundamental frequency corresponds to the longest wavelength of λ=2L and higher harmonics have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental.
Harmonic waves
This document discusses harmonic waves in whale sounds. It explains that whales produce sounds for navigation, communication, and hunting. It provides information about the speed of sound in air and water and the hearing ranges of humans and whales. It then presents two questions - the first asks if a whale can sense a sound produced by humans on a boat, and the second asks if a human can hear whistles produced by a whale. Both questions are worked out step-by-step using equations to find frequency from wavelength or wavelength from wave number in order to determine if the sounds fall within the hearing ranges.
Lo8
Two waves that are close in frequency, when combined, produce a beat pattern where the amplitude increases and decreases over time as heard by the human ear. Beats occur due to the interference created by two waves interacting, with the beat frequency equal to the difference between the two original frequencies. For example, two cellos slightly out of tune at 249Hz and 245Hz would produce a beat frequency of 4Hz.
Explaining c 15-2
1) The document discusses interference patterns that occur when two waves interact.
2) It explains that constructive interference occurs when wave crests meet, which happens when the distance traveled is a multiple of the wavelength. Destructive interference occurs when a crest meets a trough, requiring a half wavelength phase difference.
3) When the two waves are out of phase by pi, the interference pattern will be similar to the original but with constructive and destructive points switched, as the distance differences causing interference are changed by half a wavelength.
Learning Objects 7 - Beats and Beat Frequency
A powerpoint presentation of what beats are, and what beat frequency is in physics. It also explains how instruments are tuned.
LO 7/8
Beat frequency occurs when two sounds waves of slightly different frequencies interfere. The beat frequency is calculated as the absolute value of the difference between the two sound wave frequencies. In the example provided, two tones of 230 Hz and 235 Hz are played together, resulting in a beat frequency of 5 Hz, calculated as the absolute value of 235 Hz - 230 Hz. While both Jessica and Simon used the correct formula, only Jessica accounted for the absolute value, making her answer correct. Beat frequencies above 30 Hz are heard as a tone, while those between 20-30 Hz are heard as beats. Lower beat frequencies down to 1 Hz can still be detected.
Learning object 7&8 (Beats)
When two sounds waves of different frequencies reach the ear, they undergo interference. This interference causes the sound to become alternately softer and louder, known as "beating". Beats occur due to the interference of two waves at the same point in space. When two cosine waves of different frequencies are superimposed, they result in components at the sum and difference of the frequencies. The first term gives the phenomenon of beats, with a beat frequency equal to the difference between the mixed frequencies.
Physics LO - Investigation of Standing Waves on Strings
This document discusses standing waves on strings. It defines standing waves as occurring from the interference of two waves moving in opposite directions with identical properties. Standing waves form nodes and antinodes due to constructive and destructive interference. The frequency of standing waves can be decreased by making the string longer, using a thicker string, or decreasing the tension. The document works through multiple choice and multi-part problems applying the formulas for string frequency and wave speed to calculate values for a specific string's harmonics and speed.
Physics LO - Investigation of Standing Waves on Strings (Updated)
This document discusses standing waves on strings. It defines standing waves as occurring from the interference of two waves moving in opposite directions with identical properties. Standing waves form nodes and antinodes due to constructive and destructive interference. The frequency of standing waves can be decreased by making the string longer, using a thicker string, or decreasing the tension. The document works through multiple choice and multi-part problems applying the formulas for string frequency and wave speed to calculate values for a specific string's harmonics and speed.
noise
This document discusses analog communication and noise. It defines noise as unwanted energy that interferes with signal reception and reproduction. Noise is classified as either external noise generated outside receivers, like atmospheric or man-made noise, or internal noise generated within receivers, like thermal, flicker, and transit-time noise. Thermal noise is generated by random molecule motion, while flicker noise occurs at low audio frequencies in transistors. Transit-time noise arises during electron transit time in transistors at very high frequencies. Signal-to-noise ratio is the power ratio of signal to noise, and noise figure is the ratio of input to output signal-to-noise ratios of a receiver. Simple noise problems can be solved using the provided formulas.
Beat
This document discusses key concepts related to waves and the Doppler effect. It defines waves, beat frequency, diffraction and the Doppler effect. It then provides the equations to calculate the observed frequency when the source is moving towards the observer, and when the observer is moving towards a stationary source. The Doppler effect has applications in areas like traffic control, aviation, astrophysics and medicine.
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Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 16 March 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
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khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
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Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
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This document discusses fundamentals of acoustics, including:
- Sound consists of air molecule vibrations that propagate in longitudinal waves.
- Pitch is perceived as frequency and is measured in Hertz. The human range is 20Hz to 20kHz.
- Loudness relates to amplitude, power, and intensity of sound waves. It is measured in decibels on a logarithmic scale.
- Timbre is the quality that distinguishes different musical instrument sounds and is determined by the relative strengths of harmonic overtones above the fundamental pitch frequency.
Chapter 2 The Nature of Sound
1. Sound is caused by changes in air pressure that create sound waves. These waves have properties like amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and phase.
2. Frequency refers to the number of pressure change cycles per second and is measured in Hertz. Higher frequencies are heard as higher pitches while lower frequencies have lower pitches.
3. Harmonics are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency which determine the tone quality or timbre of different instruments and voices.
Sound resounance
The document discusses key concepts related to the propagation of sound waves. It defines that sound needs a medium to propagate through and discusses how sound waves are generated by vibrating sources and transmitted through different mediums. The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium, not the frequency or amplitude of the sound. Sound intensity decreases with distance from the source according to the inverse square law.
Learning Objective 7 PHYS 101
Two waves of slightly different frequencies produce beats, which are a periodic variation in sound intensity or loudness. When the waves constructively interfere, intensity is maximum and amplitude is at its peak. When they destructively interfere, intensity is minimum and amplitude decreases. Beats allow musicians to tune instruments by matching frequencies until the beats disappear. The question examples calculate mean angular frequency, beat frequency, and intensity ratios using relevant equations from the document.
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and Interference
This document discusses principles of wave interference including:
1. The principle of linear superposition states that when waves overlap, the resulting displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.
2. Constructive and destructive interference occur when waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively, increasing or decreasing the amplitude.
3. Diffraction is the bending of waves around barriers, causing diffraction patterns from interference of diffracted waves.
4. Beats occur when two nearly matched frequencies are superimposed, producing a characteristic loud-soft pattern from their interference.
Beats
Beats occur due to the interference of waves with different frequencies. To find the resulting beat wave, the principle of superposition is used to add the two waves together using a specific formula. Beats are important in music as varying the frequencies creates different genres by interfering waves. The beat frequency is the difference between the frequencies of the interfering waves. When this difference is small, a single combined wave is heard, but two distinct tones are heard when the difference is large.
Sound
f = nv/2L
So the frequency depends on:
- n, the harmonic number
- v, the wave speed
- L, the string length
You could change the pitch by:
- Changing the tension on the string (affects v)
- Trimming the string length L
- Playing a harmonic (higher n)
So different instruments with the same note have the same frequency but different timbres due to differences in their resonating structures exciting different harmonics.
sPhysics 101 lo 7
This document discusses beats, which occur when two sounds waves with nearly identical frequencies are heard simultaneously. Constructive and destructive interference causes the amplitude of the combined wave to regularly increase and decrease, creating a modulation effect perceived as a beating sound. The frequency of this amplitude modulation is equal to the difference between the individual frequencies. An example calculation demonstrates how to determine the frequency of one violin if the blended sound of two out-of-tune violins has a known frequency and beat period.
Introduction to music production the basics of audio
This document introduces the basics of audio, including propagation, amplitude, frequency, and timbre. Propagation refers to how sound moves through a medium like air. Amplitude determines loudness and is measured in decibels. Frequency affects pitch and is measured in Hertz. Timbre is the unique combination of frequencies that makes a sound identifiable. Understanding these core audio concepts is essential for music production.
Fundamental of Noise.ppt
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of noise. It defines sound as acoustic waves that propagate through a medium, with noise being unwanted or disturbing sound. Key concepts covered include:
- Sound is measured by properties like frequency, sound pressure level, intensity level, and power level.
- The decibel scale is used to quantify sound levels in a way that reflects human perception.
- Sound can be analyzed by its intensity or pressure levels across frequency bands like octave or one-third octave bands.
- The relationship between sound intensity, pressure, and power is explained. Combining sound from multiple sources is also addressed.
sound waves_jeopardy.ppt
The document discusses various properties of waves including amplitude, frequency, wavelength, speed, and medium. It also covers wave phenomena such as resonance, interference, standing waves, and the Doppler effect. Key terms defined include Hertz (Hz) as a unit of frequency, longitudinal and transverse waves, and examples that demonstrate wave properties like vibrating wine glasses and sound traveling through different media.
Sound Waves
1. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates through a medium such as air or water by compressions and rarefactions which create regions of high and low pressure.
2. The document discusses several properties of sound waves including that frequency determines pitch, amplitude determines loudness, and speed depends on the properties of the medium.
3. Wave interference and phenomena like resonance, standing waves, and the Doppler effect are also covered as they relate to the nature and perception of sound waves.
2 wave features (7.2)
The document discusses key concepts related to waves including:
1. Displacement of a medium like water can be tracked using a cork as waves move from left to right, with the cork seen going up and down.
2. Particle displacement versus distance from the source can be shown on a graph to represent wave information.
3. Key wave properties are defined including frequency, period, wavelength, and amplitude. Frequency is the number of cycles per second, while period is the time for one full cycle. Wavelength is the distance between two successive points of the same displacement moving in the same direction. Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the mean position.
Lec 2
The document provides an overview of acoustic phonetics and how to use the PRAAT software. It discusses speech waveforms, formants, and spectrograms. Speech sounds are composed of different frequency peaks due to vocal tract resonances that amplify certain harmonics depending on the shape of the mouth. Spectrograms show formants, which are the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract that distinguish vowels. By analyzing spectrograms, we can learn about a sound's voicing, length, and articulation details like places of closure.
Sound&resonance
This document outlines Chapter 15 on sound from a science textbook, including how sound is created by vibrations, travels as waves, and is perceived by humans. It discusses the properties of sound waves like frequency, wavelength, pitch, loudness and speed; how sound is recorded and processed; applications of wave properties to sound; and components of music like scales, harmony, and instruments. The chapter provides learning objectives and vocabulary terms related to the physics and perception of sound.
foundation of Physics
This document outlines Chapter 15 of a physics textbook, which covers topics related to sound waves including their properties, how sound is created and recorded, how the human ear perceives sound, and applications of sound waves including music. The chapter introduces key concepts such as wavelength, frequency, amplitude, resonance, the Doppler effect, and discusses how these principles apply to the production and perception of sound.
Waves
This document summarizes key concepts about waves, including:
1. There are two types of waves - transverse waves where displacement is perpendicular to direction of travel, and longitudinal waves where displacement is parallel.
2. Wave properties include amplitude, wavelength, period, frequency, and speed. The frequency is the number of waves passing per second, while speed is the distance traveled per second.
3. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel via vibrations in air or other materials. Electromagnetic waves like light can travel through empty space.
4. Wave phenomena include reflection at boundaries, refraction when speed changes, interference from adding or subtracting waves, and diffraction spreading waves passing through openings.
ConsonancevsDissonancew:Abstract
This document discusses consonance and dissonance from a physical perspective using concepts of sound waves and Fourier analysis. It defines consonant intervals as those with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, which produce "beatless" waveforms when combined. The most consonant intervals are the octave (2:1 frequency ratio), the perfect fifth (3:2 ratio), and the perfect fourth (4:3 ratio). Dissonant intervals introduce "beats" or fluctuations in amplitude when their constituent frequencies are combined into a single waveform. The degree of dissonance increases as the difference between frequencies decreases and beats occur at lower pitches within the range of human hearing.
homework 449872.pptx
The wavelength of the sound wave is 3 cm and the speed of sound is 340 ms-1. Using the formula speed = wavelength x frequency, the frequency is calculated to be 1133.33 Hz. This frequency is audible to humans because our hearing range is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz.
Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium to travel through. As the vibrating object moves forward, it compresses the air in front of it, creating a region of high pressure called a compression. As it moves back, it creates a region of low pressure called a rarefaction. The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch since there are more compressions and rarefactions passing a fixed point
Presentation.pptx
The wavelength of the sound wave is 3 cm and the speed of sound is 340 ms-1. Using the formula speed = wavelength x frequency, the frequency is calculated to be 1133.33 Hz. This frequency is audible to humans because our hearing range is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz.
Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium to travel through. As the vibrating object moves forward, it compresses the air in front of it, creating a region of high pressure called a compression. As it moves back, it creates a region of low pressure called a rarefaction. The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch since there are more compressions and rarefactions passing a fixed point
Similar to Lo hedy liang(19403147) (20)
Introduction to music production the basics of audio
Introduction to music production the basics of audio
Lo hedy liang(19403147)
- 1. Learning Objective ---Beats Hedy Liang (19403147) Lab Section: L2F
- 2. What is a beat? When we listen to two waves that have slightly different frequencies, we hear the amplitude increasing and decreasing as a function of time. This type of variation in amplitude is called a beat. Beats
- 3. Beats Beats are caused by the interference of two vaces at the same point in space. The plot below shows the periodic increase and decrease for two sine waves.
- 4. The point C in the graph is Constructive interference and Point D is destructive interference. Beats
- 6. The beat frequency refers to the rate at which the volume is heard to be oscillating from high to low volume. For example, if two complete cycles of high and low volumes are heard every second, the beat frequency if 2Hz. The beat frequency is always equal to the difference in frequency of the two notes that interfere to produce the beats. Beat Frequency
- 7. For equal amplitude sine waves, the sum rule is followed by the equation: The beat frequency is given by Sum and Difference Frequencies
- 8. Beat Frequency A 100 Hz tone and a 105 Hz tone are played simultaneously. What is the beat frequency? Check Your Understanding
- 9. (B) 5Hz The amplitude will be large for both the positive and negative crests; therefore, the amplitude modulations have the same frequency as the difference between the two frequencies. Answer