From the FAO Seminar on Building Policy Capacity Towards Sustainable Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand, 2015

1. Tjeppy D. Soedjana
Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development-ICARD
Ministry of Agriculture
LIVESTOCK SECTOR POLICY MAKING
PROCESS: INDONESIA
FAO Inception Meeting TCP/RAS/3507
Building Policy Capacity Towards Sustainable Livestock Development
Bangkok, Thailand, 7-8 April 2015

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Livestock sector policy
• Policy making process
• Policy documents
• Constitutions on livestock and animal health
• Related livestock policy documents
• Strengths and weakness of current policy;
• Priority areas and institutions for policy
analysis capacity enhancement;

3. Introduction (1)
• In a developing economy, understanding policy and the
policy processes that result in certain decisions on
livestock sector at various levels is important, as growing
middle and upper income groups demand more livestock
products.
• In such environment, livestock policy should be a
statement of guiding principles and goals in addressing a
certain issue, and it should be a means for the public
including the farmers, to hold public institutions
accountable for their actions.
• However, this is not always the case as the policy
processes are often quite complex, and policy making is
mostly considered as an objective logical process which
are expected to act rationally in the public interest.

4. Map of Indonesia

5. Organization Structure of MOA
DGLAHS
SEC. GEN
Minister of Agric
Assisntants
INSP. GEN
DG. AG. EQ
& INFRSTR
DG. FOOD
CROP
DG. HORT.
CROP
DG. EST.
CROP
DG. PROC.
MKTG
AARD DG. AG EXT
DG. FOOD
SEC.
DG. AG
QUAR

6. Livestock sector policy (1)
Livestock Policy is perceived as:
• A definite course of action in the livestock sector
development selected by government or others, from
among alternatives, in the given condition to guide or to
determine present and future decision;
• A projected livestock sector development program
consisting of desired objectives and the means to
achieve them;
• Basic principles in the livestock sector development by
which Government is guided;
• Declared objectives which government seeks to achieve
and preserve livestock development in the interest of
national community.

7. Livestock sector policy (2)
Therefore, livestock development policy is
defined as:
A decision-making framework, or course of
action to achieve a desired effect or change in
the livestock sector development.
In the context of the public sector, livestock
sector development policies also support
political purposes by Government in response
to the dynamic of the changing world.

8. Livestock sector policy (3)
Livestock sector policy is mandated to the Directorate
General of Livestock and Animal Health Services
(DGLAHS), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), with 6
Directorates:
• Secretariat
• Directorate of Animal Breeding;
• Directorate of Animal Feeds;
• Directorate of Livestock Farming;
• Directorate of Animal Health;
• Directorate of Public veterinary Health

9. Livestock sector policy (4)
Livestock sector policy is formulated mandated to the
Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health
Services (DGLAHS), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), with
6 Directorates:
• Secretariat
• Directorate of Animal Breeding;
• Directorate of Animal Feeds;
• Directorate of Livestock Farming;
• Directorate of Animal Health;
• Directorate of Public veterinary Health

10. Livestock sector policy (5)
Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health
Services (DGLAHS) formulates livestock sector policy in
cooperation with working committees:
• National Committee on Animal Breeding;
• National Committee on Animal Feeds;
• National Committee of Animal Medicines;
• National Committee on Animal Health;
• National Committee on Public Veterinary Health;
• National Committee on Biosafety;
• National Committee on Food Safety;
• Other related Agencies and Ministries.

11. Identificati
on of issues
/problem
Policy
formulation
Policy
adoption/
legitimation
Policy
implementa
tion
Policy
assessment
/evaluation
Stages of Policy
Making Process
Livestock policy making process (1)

12. Issue identification
Publicized demands and attention from the general
public that prompts the need for government action
that will lead to identification of policy problems
which then documented in the form of academic
manuscript;
Policy formulation
Policy proposals are formulated through political
channels (House of Representative/DPR) by policy
planning organization (Legislation Division), interest
groups, associations, government, state legislature
and the president, depending on who has the
initiative, followed by development of possible
solutions and consideration of several alternatives.
Livestock policy making process (2)

13. Policy Documents
Hierarchical livestock related policy documents:
• Constitution/National Laws
• President’s Decree/Regulations
• President’s Instructions
• Central Government Regulations
• Minister’s Decrees
• Director General’s Regulations
• Provincial and Regional Regulations
• Governor’s Regulations
• Regional/Municipal Regulations

14. 1. Constitution No. 6/1967
Constitution No. 6, 1967 on Livestock and Animal Health
a. General Terms (Art 1-7) : definition, general
objective, types of business, land, water and feeds,
preventing of misconduct, grassland;
b. Livestock (Art 8-18): objective of livestock farming,
business, smallholders, large commercial, breeding
and reproduction, region, industry, trade; sharing
systems;
c. Animal Health (Art 19-23): general, animal
diseases, veterinary public health, animal welfare,
animal medicines;

15. Constitution No. 6, 1967…..
d. Others (Art 24-26): criminal acts, special investigator,
transitional provision
e. Concluding chapter(Art 27)
Signed by President Soeharto, July 8, 1967

16. 2. Constitution No. 18/2009
Constitution No. 18, 2009 (Rev of Const No. 6/1967)
I. General terms (Art 1);
II. Principles and Objectives (Art 2-3);
III. Resources (Art 4-12);
IV. Livestock farming (Art 13-38);
V. Animal Health (Art 39-55). Note Art 44;
VI. Public Veterinary Health and Animal Welfare (Art
56-67). Note Art 59;
VII. Veterinary Authority (Art 68-75). Note Art 68;
VIII.Farmers Empowerment and Livestock and Animal
Health Business (Art 76-77)
IX. Human Resources Development (Art 78)

17. Constitution No. 18, 2009 (Rev of Const No. 6/1967)
X. Research and Development (Art 79-83)
XI.Education (Art 84)
XII.Administrative Sanction (Art 85)
XIII.Criminal Act (Art 86-93)
XIV.Transitional Provision (Art-94)
XV.Concluding chapter (Art 95-99)
Signed by President Soesilo B. Yoedhoyono,
June 4, 2009

18. Constitution No. 18, 2009
This Constitution has been gone through judicial review on
three articles, for clauses namely:
(a) Art 44, clause 3, government do not pay
compensation for depopulated animals infected by
serious diseases;
(b) Art 59, clause 2 allow imports of animal products
from FMD free country and zones;
(c) Art 59, clause 4 import of animal products is also
based on international regulation;
(d) Art 68, clause 4, the Minister may delegate his/her
authority to veterinary authority.
The Constitutional Court has nullified points (b), (c) and (d).

19. 3. Constitution No. 41/2014
Constitution No. 41, 2014 (Rev. of Const. No. 18/2009)
Major revisions are done basically on articles previously
reviewed and nullified by the Constitutional Court.
Point (b): recommendation and approval of imports of
animal products from zoonosis disease risks areas will be
the Minister’s discretion;
Other clauses (c) and (d) were adapted accordingly.
Signed by President Soesilo B. Yoedhoyono,
October 17, 2014

20. Related important policy documents
 Constitution No. 16.1992 on Agricultural Quarantine;
 Constitution No. 16/2006 on Agricultural Extension System;
 Presidential Instruction No. 1/2007 on HPAI Control;
 Ministry of Trade Decree No. 46/2013 on Reference Price;
 Ministry of Trade Decree No. 57/2013 on Imports and
Exports of Animal Products;
 Ministry of Industry Decree No. 4/2011 on Milk Processing;
 Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 19/2010 on Beef Self
Sufficiency Program;
 Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 40/2009 on Cattle
Breeding Farm Credit;
 Provincial Regulation of Special District of Jakarta No.
4/2007 on Poultry Distribution.

21. • As a developing country Indonesia needs strong
livestock policy framework which is formulated in the
interest of the public including the farmers.
• However, some of such policies arise from a
centralized system often consider the majority of the
public and the farmers are not considered as
beneficiaries.
• In some cases even where a policy has been
formulated, it can not be implemented, because the
policy is often influenced by internal dynamics of the
implementing ministries or institutions and public
interest.
Overall strength and weakness of
current policy process

22. • Ministry of Agriculture has formed Committees under
supervision of the DGLAHS to review the performance
of their sectors to prepare its policy framework
statements;
• The Committees constitute technical teams, which
composed of ministry staffs and from various
implementing agency including local government
authorities, universities, research and training
institutions, association, and the private sector;
• These technical teams are to bridge the gap between
policy makers and implementers, so as to ensure the
smooth implementation of the policies.

23. • Livestock policy development process in Indonesia is
supposed to use a bottom-up approach and to be
participatory and consultative so as to ensure that
people’s views are accommodated;
• The process must recognize a problem that needs to
be solved and identification of stakeholders upon who
this problem impacts the most;
• All key stakeholders i.e. government and its institutions
as well as key actors in regions, local government
authorities and local communities must take advantage
their right to take part in the process.

24. • From the viewpoints of the performance of their sectors
when preparing the framework and policy statements,
Inter ministries coordination in livestock policy
formulation has to be strengthened;
• Given the complexities and time frame available for
policy formulation participation of stakeholders has to
be reinforced, especially from NGOs and the private
sector;
• Therefore, priority must be given to enhancing the
capability of ministry staffs for policy analysis by
involving institutions that have policy analysis capability
to participate in policy formulation.
Priority for policy analysis capacity
enhancement

25. THANK FOR YOUR
INPUTS AND ATTENTION

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