Embedding Progressive control for FMD in the policy agenda for livestock prod...EuFMD
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against foot-and-mouth disease.
The Open Session of the EuFMD, was held during 29-31 October in Borgo Egnazia, Puglia, Italy. The event was held on the theme of 'vaccine security.'
Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia task force: Research to policy and practiceILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
The Free Health Care Policy was launched in Sierra Leone to improve access to health services and reduce mortality rates. UNICEF supported the launch through various committees and continues to support implementation challenges. While utilization of health facilities has increased since the launch, drug shortages and late presentations have led to increased fatality rates. UNICEF is working with the government on infrastructure, monitoring, supply chain, communication, and financing to address challenges and plan for sustainability of the policy through short and long-term strategies.
Tariffs & customs affecting local pharmaceutical production in Kenya – role o...toroiticham
This document discusses tariffs and customs affecting local pharmaceutical production in Kenya. It notes that Kenya's National Pharmaceutical Policy aims to promote local production and self-sufficiency in essential medicines. However, local pharmaceutical manufacturers face several tariffs, including import declaration fees, VAT, and import duties on raw materials. This makes local production more expensive compared to importing finished drugs. The Pharmacy and Poisons Board advocates for expanding tax exemptions on raw materials and consolidating regulatory fees to help strengthen local pharmaceutical industry and achieve Kenya's development goals.
An IBM team worked with Ghana's Ministry of Health to develop a supply chain master plan. The Ministry faced challenges with an inefficient and fragmented supply chain system. The IBM team created a roadmap for a new Supply Chain Management Unit, designed an information system architecture, established a costing model, and conducted a risk assessment. Their recommendations included creating a system to improve decision making, establishing a cost model for transparency, and developing a blueprint for an IT system to support medicine delivery. The master plan aimed to strengthen Ghana's public health sector supply chain management.
The document discusses logistic management in healthcare. It defines logistics as planning and managing the efficient flow of goods and services from origin to consumption according to customer needs. Key aspects of logistic management covered include forecasting demand, procurement, storage, distribution, and monitoring using a logistics management information system. The goal is ensuring the availability of medical supplies, equipment, and information where and when needed for patient care.
Kenya Pharmaceutical Regulatory Overview and Opportunitiestoroiticham
The document summarizes Kenya's pharmaceutical regulatory system. It discusses the Pharmacy and Poisons Board, which regulates medical products and personnel to ensure safety, quality and efficacy. The Board oversees the registration and listing of medical products, regulation of facilities and training programs, and conducts inspections. The market for pharmaceuticals in Kenya is growing and imports meet over 60% of demand. There are opportunities for manufacturers to set up operations in Kenya and benefit from incentives for production of essential medicines.
Embedding Progressive control for FMD in the policy agenda for livestock prod...EuFMD
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against foot-and-mouth disease.
The Open Session of the EuFMD, was held during 29-31 October in Borgo Egnazia, Puglia, Italy. The event was held on the theme of 'vaccine security.'
Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia task force: Research to policy and practiceILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
The Free Health Care Policy was launched in Sierra Leone to improve access to health services and reduce mortality rates. UNICEF supported the launch through various committees and continues to support implementation challenges. While utilization of health facilities has increased since the launch, drug shortages and late presentations have led to increased fatality rates. UNICEF is working with the government on infrastructure, monitoring, supply chain, communication, and financing to address challenges and plan for sustainability of the policy through short and long-term strategies.
Tariffs & customs affecting local pharmaceutical production in Kenya – role o...toroiticham
This document discusses tariffs and customs affecting local pharmaceutical production in Kenya. It notes that Kenya's National Pharmaceutical Policy aims to promote local production and self-sufficiency in essential medicines. However, local pharmaceutical manufacturers face several tariffs, including import declaration fees, VAT, and import duties on raw materials. This makes local production more expensive compared to importing finished drugs. The Pharmacy and Poisons Board advocates for expanding tax exemptions on raw materials and consolidating regulatory fees to help strengthen local pharmaceutical industry and achieve Kenya's development goals.
An IBM team worked with Ghana's Ministry of Health to develop a supply chain master plan. The Ministry faced challenges with an inefficient and fragmented supply chain system. The IBM team created a roadmap for a new Supply Chain Management Unit, designed an information system architecture, established a costing model, and conducted a risk assessment. Their recommendations included creating a system to improve decision making, establishing a cost model for transparency, and developing a blueprint for an IT system to support medicine delivery. The master plan aimed to strengthen Ghana's public health sector supply chain management.
The document discusses logistic management in healthcare. It defines logistics as planning and managing the efficient flow of goods and services from origin to consumption according to customer needs. Key aspects of logistic management covered include forecasting demand, procurement, storage, distribution, and monitoring using a logistics management information system. The goal is ensuring the availability of medical supplies, equipment, and information where and when needed for patient care.
Kenya Pharmaceutical Regulatory Overview and Opportunitiestoroiticham
The document summarizes Kenya's pharmaceutical regulatory system. It discusses the Pharmacy and Poisons Board, which regulates medical products and personnel to ensure safety, quality and efficacy. The Board oversees the registration and listing of medical products, regulation of facilities and training programs, and conducts inspections. The market for pharmaceuticals in Kenya is growing and imports meet over 60% of demand. There are opportunities for manufacturers to set up operations in Kenya and benefit from incentives for production of essential medicines.
The document provides an update from the National Pork Board's Chief Operating Officer at the 2015 Pork Management Conference. It discusses the NPB's new CEO and strategic plan, which focuses on building consumer trust, driving sustainable production, and growing consumer demand. It also covers vulnerabilities assessments, antibiotics usage, developing a common industry audit, the Swine Health Information Center, and supplemental marketing efforts. The document aims to inform attendees on key industry issues and the NPB's strategies and goals to address them.
This document discusses competent authorities and their role in regulating food safety. It begins by defining competent authorities as the government bodies responsible for controlling food hygiene and inspection. It provides examples of competent authorities from different countries and organizations. It discusses the objectives of food safety legislation and risk analysis principles used by competent authorities. It also outlines the key components of official control programs overseen by competent authorities, including inspection, auditing, staff qualifications, and risk-based controls. Finally, it discusses the application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in food safety planning and how this relates to the US Food and Drug Administration's food laws and the Food Safety Modernization Act.
The guidelines are intended to help countries identify priorities, objectives and the desired goal of disease control programmes. Disease control programmes are often established with the aim of eventual eradication of agents at a country, zone or compartment level. While this approach is desirable, the needs of stakeholders may require a broader range of outcomes. For some diseases, eradication may not be economically or practically feasible and options for sustained mitigation of disease impacts may be needed. It is important to clearly describe the programme goals and these may range from simple mitigation of disease impacts to progressive control or eradication of the disease. These guidelines highlight the importance of economic assessment of disease intervention options in the design of programmes taking into consideration effectiveness, feasibility of implementation, as well as costs and benefits. The purpose is to provide a conceptual framework that can be adapted to a particular national and epidemiological context.
The document provides details on a proposed calf fattening project in Turkey including the land acquisition, barn and infrastructure development, operations, and financial projections. Key elements include:
- The project will be located on 2,500 donums of land in Balıkesir province and involve housing and fattening 20,000 calves over 18-24 months.
- Infrastructure will include barns, a feed warehouse, slaughterhouse, biogas energy system, feed factory and silos, and solar energy system at a total estimated cost of $123.5 million.
- Financial projections estimate annual revenues increasing from $35.6 million in 2023 to over $80.5 million in 2030, with net profits
Scaling up the delivery of ITM in Tanzania through facilitation of ITM delive...ILRI
Presented by Henry Kiara at the Workshop on Scaling up the Delivery of ITM in Tanzania through Facilitation of the ITM Value Chain, Bagamoyo, 28-29 September 2015
Tanzania Livestock Master Plan: Milk results for the Sector Analysis (2016-...ILRI
This document summarizes the key findings from the Tanzania Livestock Master Plan regarding interventions to increase milk production from 2016-2031. The plan assessed potential interventions against Ethiopia's national development goals, focusing on reducing poverty, achieving food security, economic growth, exports, and employment. Modeling showed that improving family and specialized commercial dairy systems could achieve high returns on investment and meet national goals. However, there is projected to be a huge milk deficit due to limited animal feed and genetics as well as a lack of supportive policies and investment incentives. The document recommends prioritizing investments in crossbred dairy genetics, smallholder feeding models, animal health, incentives for smallholder milk production and processing, and policies supporting investments in feed production
Elements of the Second Growth and Transformation Plan related to small rumina...ILRI
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Key gaps identified in veterinary service deliveryILRI
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OS16 - 3.4.e Farmers' Intention and Perceptions That Influence Them in Impl...EuFMD
Farmers' intentions to implement foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control measures in Ethiopia vary depending on their production system and perceptions of FMD. The study found that subsistence farmers in cattle-lowland mixed and pastoral systems had low intentions to vaccinate cattle at their own cost or restrict herd movement and isolation at all times. However, all farmers were willing to vaccinate if it was free. Perceptions of barriers, like cost and difficulty handling animals, were important determinants of intention. The conclusions recommend that FMD control programs address differences in barriers perceived in each production system to increase farmer participation.
Tiensin- Current Status of TADs in ThailandPerez Eric
This document discusses transboundary animal diseases and capacity building of veterinary services. It begins by outlining Thailand's large and growing livestock exports industry and surveillance programs for diseases like HPAI. It then examines challenges like small-scale backyard farming and improving biosecurity. The document advocates for a multisectoral "One Health" approach between animal and public health. It evaluates gaps identified in veterinary services and progress made in addressing them. Finally, it promotes collaboration and sharing information between sectors through initiatives like joint rapid response teams.
This document discusses food safety in the context of One Health and summarizes the key learnings from studying food safety interventions. It finds that:
1. Foodborne diseases impose a large health and economic burden worldwide, especially in developing countries where most foods are sold in wet markets.
2. Existing interventions have had limited impact because they often focus on regulations, exports, and formal sectors without addressing the incentives and behaviors of actors in informal domestic markets.
3. A more effective approach incorporates technology, training, incentives, and nudges to change behaviors, supported by an enabling policy environment. This "three-legged stool" approach shows promise for improving food safety at scale.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to improve health outcomes and achieve universal health coverage in India. It proposes increasing public health spending to 2.5% of GDP to strengthen primary care services and ensure access to free drugs and diagnostics. The policy focuses on preventing diseases and promoting wellness. It also aims to reform medical education and regulation, and make the public health system more responsive to needs. Key goals include reducing mortality rates and improving access to healthcare, especially in rural areas.
Strategic Review2015-2020Prepared by XYZ Consultants.docxcpatriciarpatricia
Strategic Review
2015-2020
Prepared by XYZ Consultants
Version 1.0
20 September 2016
Table of Contents
1 About FitLife 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Mission, Vision and Values 1
2 Goals and Objectives 2
2.1 Goals 2
2.2 General Objectives 2
2.3 Proposed Marketing objectives 2
3 Situation Analysis 3
3.1 SWOT Analysis 3
3.2 Product Portfolio – BCG Boston Matrix 4
3.3 PEST/STEEP Analysis 5
3.4 Trend Analysis 6
4. Competitor Analysis 8
5 Key Statistics 14
6 Financials 16
References 18
Introduction
The health and wellbeing industry is a dynamic sector and plays a critical role in the Australian economy. The industry has grown substantially within the last decade, generating $2.2billion revenue on an annual basis (with 3.5% annual growth rate) through 3265 health clubs housing 32,875 employment opportunities across the country. The industry also plays a key role in improving the health and fitness of Australians.
An evaluation of the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats, market trend analysis, and macro environment study established a groundwork to prepare this strategic review.1 About FitLife1.1 Background
FitLife is a privately-owned Sydney based Australian health club chain with 70 health clubs and 182,000 active members in Australia. FitLife serves as one of the industry leaders in the sport and fitness segment providing multi-purpose fitness venues across the country providing state of the art facilities, equipment and services.
FitLife has its base of operations in North Sydney (Health Club and Head Office), Sydney and operates in each state:
State
Total Health Clubs
Total Members
NSW
38
98,800
QLD
10
26,000
VIC
9
23,400
SA
4
10,400
ACT
3
7,800
WA
3
7,800
TAS
2
5,200
NT
1
2,600
Grand Total
70
182,000
Each health club offers the following facilities and services:
· Gym for weightlifting and cardio
· Gymnastics room (martial arts, boxing and kendo)
· Classes (Pilates, Yoga, BodyPump, Cycle, BodyAttack, Full Body Lift, and FatBurner).1.2 Mission, Vision and Values
The mission, in engagement with the community, is to provide innovative health clubs delivering cutting-edge fitness and lifestyle programs that will motivate people of all ages, backgrounds and abilities to lead active, healthy lives.
The vision is to be regarded as a premier provider of quality fitness, gymnastics and wellness through innovative programs and services that result in measurable and transformational changes in the lives of those they serve.
FitLife are passionate for promoting the quality of life for everyone on the basis of the following values and attitudes in all of their staff, members and the community:
Quality
Accountability
Energy
Mutual Respect
Diversity
Enthusiasm
Integrity
Accountability
Care
Honesty
Responsibility
Professionalism
2 Goals and Objectives
Due to its healthy outlook, the Executive Management would like to allocate a total of $1,061,059 budget to market research and then devel.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to raise public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP to provide comprehensive primary health care through 'Health and Wellness Centers'. It envisions a larger package of assured primary care that includes services for non-communicable diseases, geriatrics, mental health, and palliative care. The policy also looks to improve regulatory standards for quality healthcare and reform regulatory systems to promote domestic manufacturing of drugs and devices as well as medical education.
Ethiopia: Governing for Quality Improvement in the Context of UHCHFG Project
The government of Ethiopia launched the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP) in the 1990s. During the 2010 reform of the health sector, the Drug Administration and Control Agency was re-established to focus on regulating drugs and food, and expanded their scope by including the regulation of health facilities and personnel. They changed their name to the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, and developed a list of minimum health facility requirements, regulating both public and private health facilities.
The document provides an overview of the Prime Minister Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises Scheme (PMFME Scheme) in India. The key points are:
1) The scheme aims to formalize the unorganized micro food processing sector in India by providing financial support, skills training, access to credit, and assistance with marketing.
2) It will provide credit-linked capital subsidies of up to 35% for upgrading technology and infrastructure of individual micro enterprises, with a maximum of Rs. 10 lakh per unit. Groups like FPOs and SHGs can also access similar subsidies.
3) The scheme follows a 'One District One Product' approach, prioritizing support for micro enterprises involved
VADEMOS VAccine Demand Estimation Model for FMD.pdfEuFMD
VADEMOS is a decision support tool created by the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease to estimate current and future vaccine demand for foot-and-mouth disease at national and regional levels. It uses factors like livestock population forecasts, disease control policies, vaccination schedules, and outbreak forecasts with data from sources like WOAH and FAOSTAT. The model provides outputs on expected vaccine doses needed by geography, type of vaccination, species, and year over a 10-year period. While validation is needed, the tool generally predicts vaccine needs within calculated ranges, though estimates are sometimes too high. Future work will refine inputs, add additional geographical specificity, and expand the model to other diseases.
This document provides an introduction to vaccine value chains and outlines EuFMD/FAO initiatives to strengthen vaccine security. It discusses how vaccine value chains involve both private and public actors across product development, production, allocation, distribution and use. Cross-cutting factors like epidemiology, logistics and stakeholder engagement are also important. EuFMD is supporting activities to improve vaccine access and availability through a multistakeholder platform, prequalification of vaccines, vaccine demand modeling, and strengthening vaccine delivery and demand. Analyzing vaccine value chains can help understand costs and demand to support effective vaccination programs.
More Related Content
Similar to OS18 - 11.a.4 Embedding Progressive Control for FMD in the Policy Agenda for Livestock Production in Three Countries in South-East Asia - C. Bartels
The document provides an update from the National Pork Board's Chief Operating Officer at the 2015 Pork Management Conference. It discusses the NPB's new CEO and strategic plan, which focuses on building consumer trust, driving sustainable production, and growing consumer demand. It also covers vulnerabilities assessments, antibiotics usage, developing a common industry audit, the Swine Health Information Center, and supplemental marketing efforts. The document aims to inform attendees on key industry issues and the NPB's strategies and goals to address them.
This document discusses competent authorities and their role in regulating food safety. It begins by defining competent authorities as the government bodies responsible for controlling food hygiene and inspection. It provides examples of competent authorities from different countries and organizations. It discusses the objectives of food safety legislation and risk analysis principles used by competent authorities. It also outlines the key components of official control programs overseen by competent authorities, including inspection, auditing, staff qualifications, and risk-based controls. Finally, it discusses the application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in food safety planning and how this relates to the US Food and Drug Administration's food laws and the Food Safety Modernization Act.
The guidelines are intended to help countries identify priorities, objectives and the desired goal of disease control programmes. Disease control programmes are often established with the aim of eventual eradication of agents at a country, zone or compartment level. While this approach is desirable, the needs of stakeholders may require a broader range of outcomes. For some diseases, eradication may not be economically or practically feasible and options for sustained mitigation of disease impacts may be needed. It is important to clearly describe the programme goals and these may range from simple mitigation of disease impacts to progressive control or eradication of the disease. These guidelines highlight the importance of economic assessment of disease intervention options in the design of programmes taking into consideration effectiveness, feasibility of implementation, as well as costs and benefits. The purpose is to provide a conceptual framework that can be adapted to a particular national and epidemiological context.
The document provides details on a proposed calf fattening project in Turkey including the land acquisition, barn and infrastructure development, operations, and financial projections. Key elements include:
- The project will be located on 2,500 donums of land in Balıkesir province and involve housing and fattening 20,000 calves over 18-24 months.
- Infrastructure will include barns, a feed warehouse, slaughterhouse, biogas energy system, feed factory and silos, and solar energy system at a total estimated cost of $123.5 million.
- Financial projections estimate annual revenues increasing from $35.6 million in 2023 to over $80.5 million in 2030, with net profits
Scaling up the delivery of ITM in Tanzania through facilitation of ITM delive...ILRI
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This document summarizes the key findings from the Tanzania Livestock Master Plan regarding interventions to increase milk production from 2016-2031. The plan assessed potential interventions against Ethiopia's national development goals, focusing on reducing poverty, achieving food security, economic growth, exports, and employment. Modeling showed that improving family and specialized commercial dairy systems could achieve high returns on investment and meet national goals. However, there is projected to be a huge milk deficit due to limited animal feed and genetics as well as a lack of supportive policies and investment incentives. The document recommends prioritizing investments in crossbred dairy genetics, smallholder feeding models, animal health, incentives for smallholder milk production and processing, and policies supporting investments in feed production
Elements of the Second Growth and Transformation Plan related to small rumina...ILRI
Presented by Workneh Ayalew (ATA) at the Ethiopia Small Ruminants Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 8-9 June 2015
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Farmers' intentions to implement foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control measures in Ethiopia vary depending on their production system and perceptions of FMD. The study found that subsistence farmers in cattle-lowland mixed and pastoral systems had low intentions to vaccinate cattle at their own cost or restrict herd movement and isolation at all times. However, all farmers were willing to vaccinate if it was free. Perceptions of barriers, like cost and difficulty handling animals, were important determinants of intention. The conclusions recommend that FMD control programs address differences in barriers perceived in each production system to increase farmer participation.
Tiensin- Current Status of TADs in ThailandPerez Eric
This document discusses transboundary animal diseases and capacity building of veterinary services. It begins by outlining Thailand's large and growing livestock exports industry and surveillance programs for diseases like HPAI. It then examines challenges like small-scale backyard farming and improving biosecurity. The document advocates for a multisectoral "One Health" approach between animal and public health. It evaluates gaps identified in veterinary services and progress made in addressing them. Finally, it promotes collaboration and sharing information between sectors through initiatives like joint rapid response teams.
This document discusses food safety in the context of One Health and summarizes the key learnings from studying food safety interventions. It finds that:
1. Foodborne diseases impose a large health and economic burden worldwide, especially in developing countries where most foods are sold in wet markets.
2. Existing interventions have had limited impact because they often focus on regulations, exports, and formal sectors without addressing the incentives and behaviors of actors in informal domestic markets.
3. A more effective approach incorporates technology, training, incentives, and nudges to change behaviors, supported by an enabling policy environment. This "three-legged stool" approach shows promise for improving food safety at scale.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to improve health outcomes and achieve universal health coverage in India. It proposes increasing public health spending to 2.5% of GDP to strengthen primary care services and ensure access to free drugs and diagnostics. The policy focuses on preventing diseases and promoting wellness. It also aims to reform medical education and regulation, and make the public health system more responsive to needs. Key goals include reducing mortality rates and improving access to healthcare, especially in rural areas.
Strategic Review2015-2020Prepared by XYZ Consultants.docxcpatriciarpatricia
Strategic Review
2015-2020
Prepared by XYZ Consultants
Version 1.0
20 September 2016
Table of Contents
1 About FitLife 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Mission, Vision and Values 1
2 Goals and Objectives 2
2.1 Goals 2
2.2 General Objectives 2
2.3 Proposed Marketing objectives 2
3 Situation Analysis 3
3.1 SWOT Analysis 3
3.2 Product Portfolio – BCG Boston Matrix 4
3.3 PEST/STEEP Analysis 5
3.4 Trend Analysis 6
4. Competitor Analysis 8
5 Key Statistics 14
6 Financials 16
References 18
Introduction
The health and wellbeing industry is a dynamic sector and plays a critical role in the Australian economy. The industry has grown substantially within the last decade, generating $2.2billion revenue on an annual basis (with 3.5% annual growth rate) through 3265 health clubs housing 32,875 employment opportunities across the country. The industry also plays a key role in improving the health and fitness of Australians.
An evaluation of the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats, market trend analysis, and macro environment study established a groundwork to prepare this strategic review.1 About FitLife1.1 Background
FitLife is a privately-owned Sydney based Australian health club chain with 70 health clubs and 182,000 active members in Australia. FitLife serves as one of the industry leaders in the sport and fitness segment providing multi-purpose fitness venues across the country providing state of the art facilities, equipment and services.
FitLife has its base of operations in North Sydney (Health Club and Head Office), Sydney and operates in each state:
State
Total Health Clubs
Total Members
NSW
38
98,800
QLD
10
26,000
VIC
9
23,400
SA
4
10,400
ACT
3
7,800
WA
3
7,800
TAS
2
5,200
NT
1
2,600
Grand Total
70
182,000
Each health club offers the following facilities and services:
· Gym for weightlifting and cardio
· Gymnastics room (martial arts, boxing and kendo)
· Classes (Pilates, Yoga, BodyPump, Cycle, BodyAttack, Full Body Lift, and FatBurner).1.2 Mission, Vision and Values
The mission, in engagement with the community, is to provide innovative health clubs delivering cutting-edge fitness and lifestyle programs that will motivate people of all ages, backgrounds and abilities to lead active, healthy lives.
The vision is to be regarded as a premier provider of quality fitness, gymnastics and wellness through innovative programs and services that result in measurable and transformational changes in the lives of those they serve.
FitLife are passionate for promoting the quality of life for everyone on the basis of the following values and attitudes in all of their staff, members and the community:
Quality
Accountability
Energy
Mutual Respect
Diversity
Enthusiasm
Integrity
Accountability
Care
Honesty
Responsibility
Professionalism
2 Goals and Objectives
Due to its healthy outlook, the Executive Management would like to allocate a total of $1,061,059 budget to market research and then devel.
The National Health Policy 2017 aims to raise public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP to provide comprehensive primary health care through 'Health and Wellness Centers'. It envisions a larger package of assured primary care that includes services for non-communicable diseases, geriatrics, mental health, and palliative care. The policy also looks to improve regulatory standards for quality healthcare and reform regulatory systems to promote domestic manufacturing of drugs and devices as well as medical education.
Ethiopia: Governing for Quality Improvement in the Context of UHCHFG Project
The government of Ethiopia launched the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP) in the 1990s. During the 2010 reform of the health sector, the Drug Administration and Control Agency was re-established to focus on regulating drugs and food, and expanded their scope by including the regulation of health facilities and personnel. They changed their name to the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, and developed a list of minimum health facility requirements, regulating both public and private health facilities.
The document provides an overview of the Prime Minister Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises Scheme (PMFME Scheme) in India. The key points are:
1) The scheme aims to formalize the unorganized micro food processing sector in India by providing financial support, skills training, access to credit, and assistance with marketing.
2) It will provide credit-linked capital subsidies of up to 35% for upgrading technology and infrastructure of individual micro enterprises, with a maximum of Rs. 10 lakh per unit. Groups like FPOs and SHGs can also access similar subsidies.
3) The scheme follows a 'One District One Product' approach, prioritizing support for micro enterprises involved
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VADEMOS VAccine Demand Estimation Model for FMD.pdfEuFMD
VADEMOS is a decision support tool created by the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease to estimate current and future vaccine demand for foot-and-mouth disease at national and regional levels. It uses factors like livestock population forecasts, disease control policies, vaccination schedules, and outbreak forecasts with data from sources like WOAH and FAOSTAT. The model provides outputs on expected vaccine doses needed by geography, type of vaccination, species, and year over a 10-year period. While validation is needed, the tool generally predicts vaccine needs within calculated ranges, though estimates are sometimes too high. Future work will refine inputs, add additional geographical specificity, and expand the model to other diseases.
This document provides an introduction to vaccine value chains and outlines EuFMD/FAO initiatives to strengthen vaccine security. It discusses how vaccine value chains involve both private and public actors across product development, production, allocation, distribution and use. Cross-cutting factors like epidemiology, logistics and stakeholder engagement are also important. EuFMD is supporting activities to improve vaccine access and availability through a multistakeholder platform, prequalification of vaccines, vaccine demand modeling, and strengthening vaccine delivery and demand. Analyzing vaccine value chains can help understand costs and demand to support effective vaccination programs.
Emergency vaccination workshop presentations 30 May 2023.pdfEuFMD
This document summarizes a presentation on alternative post-vaccination surveillance methods that could be used to demonstrate the absence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus transmission in vaccinated and unvaccinated livestock populations. It proposes replacing serological testing with bulk milk testing for dairy farms, saliva testing using rope tethers for piggeries, and saliva swab testing for sheep farms. These alternative methods utilize real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect FMD viral RNA from oral fluid samples, which research has shown can identify infected animals. The presentation discussed how these new testing technologies may allow countries to gain freedom from FMD status sooner after an outbreak by providing more effective post-vaccination surveillance.
LSD symposium - A. Sprygin - Subclinical infection its role in transmission a...EuFMD
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LSD symposium - L. Pite - Combating lumpy skin disease in AlbaniaEuFMD
1) The first case of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Albania was identified in June 2016. From 2016-2017, over 3,500 outbreaks were reported across Albania with morbidity of 42% and mortality of 12%.
2) Surveillance efforts included laboratory testing of over 2,000 samples confirming 881 positive cases. Risk factors for spread included proximity to infected farms (under 5km), livestock movements over longer distances, and seasonal variations correlated with temperature and vector abundance.
3) Control efforts included an emergency vaccination program using live attenuated vaccine beginning in July 2016. Over 500,000 vaccine doses were administered. Modeling estimated vaccine effectiveness was 76.5-62.5% at reducing
LSD symposium - J. Chan - Lumpy skin disease in Hong KongEuFMD
Dr. Jason Chan presented on the outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in feral cattle populations in Hong Kong from 2020-2021. The key points were:
1) The initial outbreak was reported in October 2020 across multiple country parks. Disease investigation found that 72% of cattle in one herd showed skin lesions and 84% were seropositive.
2) By March 2021, no new clinical cases were reported. Surveillance since found 14 juveniles seronegative, suggesting LSD may have disappeared due to lack of susceptible newborn cattle.
3) Continued clinical and serological surveillance is important since Hong Kong has a small teaching farm. No urgency exists currently to declare freedom
LSD symposium - N. Zainuddin - Indonesian experience on simultaneous LSD and ...EuFMD
1) Lumpy skin disease was first reported in Indonesia in February 2022 in Riau Province, and has since spread to several other provinces, most recently to Central Java in August 2022.
2) As of February 2023, over 249,000 cattle have been vaccinated across 9 provinces as a control measure. Other control measures include movement restrictions, vector control, and educating farmers.
3) Key challenges to control efforts include the extensive animal farming system, illegal animal movement, limited number of vaccinators, and high workload from controlling both lumpy skin disease and foot-and-mouth disease. Recommended solutions include improving handling capacity, better border control, engaging other institutions to assist with vaccination
LSD symposium - R. Ainsworth - Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Southeast Asia Mar...EuFMD
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is spreading through cattle movements in Southeast Asia. The document discusses how government policies around quarantine, compensation and corruption can accelerate the virus's spread by encouraging illicit cattle movements. It also notes that traditional smuggling routes go against the direction LSD has spread. The rapid transmission of LSD occurred during COVID border closures, and its direction of movement corresponds with prevailing winds rather than cattle trade routes. Government policies and wind patterns may be aiding the long-distance airborne spread of LSD across Southeast Asia.
LSD symposium - P. Malik - Lumpy skin disease experience from IndiaEuFMD
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) was first reported in India in 2019. It has since spread to 23 states and union territories, affecting over 3 million animals and causing over 185,000 deaths. The disease manifests as skin nodules and lesions on internal organs. Vaccination is a key control strategy, with over 87 million animals vaccinated to date using a goatpox vaccine. ICAR has also developed an indigenous LSD vaccine that is undergoing field trials and licensing. States are implementing control measures like quarantine, vaccination, vector control and public awareness campaigns to curb the spread and impact of LSD.
LSD symposium - E. Klemen - Modes of transmission of lumpy skin diseaseEuFMD
Indirect transmission, likely through blood-sucking flying insects, is the primary mode of transmission for lumpy skin disease virus. While direct contact can transmit the virus, studies have found no transmission between clinically infected and susceptible cattle housed together without vectors. Mathematical models also indicate indirect transmission alone can explain outbreak dynamics. The virus can spread over long distances, possibly aided by winds carrying infected vectors, though local spread is typically 10 km per week. Subclinical infections may transmit the virus but appear to play a minor role compared to clinical cases.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆Sérgio Sacani
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Rodents, Birds and locust_Pests of crops.pdfPirithiRaju
Mole rat or Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicotabengalensis
•Head -round and broad muzzle
•Tail -shorter than head, body
•Prefers damp areas
•Burrows with scooped soil before entrance
•Potential rat, one pair can produce more than 800 offspringsin one year
The Limited Role of the Streaming Instability during Moon and Exomoon FormationSérgio Sacani
It is generally accepted that the Moon accreted from the disk formed by an impact between the proto-Earth and
impactor, but its details are highly debated. Some models suggest that a Mars-sized impactor formed a silicate
melt-rich (vapor-poor) disk around Earth, whereas other models suggest that a highly energetic impact produced a
silicate vapor-rich disk. Such a vapor-rich disk, however, may not be suitable for the Moon formation, because
moonlets, building blocks of the Moon, of 100 m–100 km in radius may experience strong gas drag and fall onto
Earth on a short timescale, failing to grow further. This problem may be avoided if large moonlets (?100 km)
form very quickly by streaming instability, which is a process to concentrate particles enough to cause gravitational
collapse and rapid formation of planetesimals or moonlets. Here, we investigate the effect of the streaming
instability in the Moon-forming disk for the first time and find that this instability can quickly form ∼100 km-sized
moonlets. However, these moonlets are not large enough to avoid strong drag, and they still fall onto Earth quickly.
This suggests that the vapor-rich disks may not form the large Moon, and therefore the models that produce vaporpoor disks are supported. This result is applicable to general impact-induced moon-forming disks, supporting the
previous suggestion that small planets (<1.6 R⊕) are good candidates to host large moons because their impactinduced disks would likely be vapor-poor. We find a limited role of streaming instability in satellite formation in an
impact-induced disk, whereas it plays a key role during planet formation.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Earth-moon system (436)
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
OS18 - 11.a.4 Embedding Progressive Control for FMD in the Policy Agenda for Livestock Production in Three Countries in South-East Asia - C. Bartels
1. Embedding Progressive control for FMD in
the policy agenda for livestock production
in three countries in South-east Asia
Chris Bartels1, Ronel Abila2, Ian Dacre2, Yu Qiu2 and Melissa McLaws1
1Animal Health Works, The Netherlands
2OIE Sub-regional Representation for South-east Asia, Bangkok, Thailand
2. Key messages
• For progressive FMD control, there is
need for long-term commitment from
key players
• To acquire this, FMD control (PCP-FMD)
needs to be part of the bigger picture,
supporting
• Government policy (livestock,
livelihoods)
• Private sector interest (export, trade,
production)
• Consequently, developing a National
Strategy Framework requires input from
both public and private sector and best
includes an investment analysis
6. Objectives
2) to redefine a FMD control
plan that is risk-based and
eligible for approval
according to the criteria for
Stage 2 of the PCP-FMD.
1) To develop a National
Strategy Framework that
outlines the mid- to long-term
objectives for FMD control
and that can serve to as a
policy note to be endorsed by
the Ministry of Agriculture or
the Government
6
Time line Nov-2017 Dec-2017 Jan-2018 2018 onwards
Event Online introduction
to PCP-FMD and
RBSP
Regional workshop In-country workshop
Output National Strategic
Framework for FMD
Finalization of the NSF
Chapter 1 of the RBSP
Further development of
the RBSP
7. 7
Strategic framework
- Vision
- Goal
- Objectives
- Strategic components
Investment plan
Stakeholder
Government
Technical expertise
National Strategy Framework
8. Mapping of stakeholders
Stakeholder’s level of interest in the issue/policy
• Commercial
famers
• Smallholders
• Municipal
government
• Ministry of
finance
• Private
veterinarians
• Border control
• Vaccine
manufacturer
• …
10. Lao PDR
Vision - the aspiration for progressive FMD control is to
improve animal health, support sustainable livelihood, enhance
self-reliance in food security and to promote livestock export
opportunities
Goals
• Improved animal health conditions and disease
control practices are in place in Lao PDR;
• Lao PDR will be regarded a trusted trading
partner in the region;
• Local producers (livestock owners) will sustain
their income as primary suppliers of important
food supply chains;
• A functional and competent Veterinary
Authority will safeguard Lao society on food
security and food safety
The tangible outcomes foreseen are
25% reduction of disease
incidence for multiple infectious
diseases by 2025;
200,000 to 300,000 heads of
cattle being exported from Lao
PDR to China by 2025
30% increased livestock
production (heads of livestock,
growth, draught) by 2025;
50% of all livestock being
slaughtered will go through
official and accredited
slaughterhouses;
35% of animal husbandry
/management system come into
organised or cooperative sector
from current unorganized sector
or back yard farming
11. Cambodia
Strategic objectives or approaches
• Establishing and strengthening of the Veterinary Competent
Authority
• Veterinary statutory board
• Legislative framework for veterinary policies
• Regulate and outsource vaccine delivery through VAHWs (accredited)
• Promote human resource development (life-long learning)
• Monitoring and evaluaton
• Reduction FMD incidence
• Strengthening surveillance and response activities
• Consider integrated disease control
• Coordination mechanism
• Livestock technical working group
• Technical FMD committee
• Strengthening public-private partnerships
Vision: Promote good
animal health and
production practices
through effective
human resource
development,
research and
extension, policy
development and law
enforcement, public-
private partnerships
and communication
Linked to the Strategic
Planning Framework
for Livestock
Development 2015-
2024 (SPFLD2024)
12. Myanmar
Goals
• A functional and competent Veterinary
Authority that develops and leads effective
control programs for high impact livestock
diseases
• Improved and sustainable livestock productivity
through the control of FMD and other high
impact diseases
• Realized livestock export opportunities and be
regarded a trusted trading partner in the region
Cattle export to China 0.5 million/annum
• Roles and responsibilities for public and private
sector
• Cattle board established
Progressive control of FMD and other high priority livestock diseases
in Myanmar will increase the gross domestic product and improve
livestock and rural development, through better animal health, food
safety and food security for all
13. What did we learn,
what do we recommend
for the future
14. Traditional approach…
“We are the Veterinary
Service and our job is to
control disease”
… or other such “commodity-focused”
mandates e.g. “increase productivity”;
“promote exports”….
“We are the Veterinary Service and
our job is to satisfy the
expectations of our stakeholders”
… including
animals and
animal welfare
Alternative approach…
Lesson learned
Role and responsibility of the Veterinary Services
15. Lessons learned: – investment appraisal
needed
• Collection of techniques used to
identify the attractiveness of
an investment
• The purpose is to assess the
viability of FMD control
programme and the value it
generates
• Investment appraisal ≠ socio-
economic impact assessment
• Adding the concept of time
value of money
• Adding the benefit (return) to
the costs allowing to estimate
cost-effectiveness, benefit-
cost ratio (BCR)
16. For change to happen, science is not enough;
Policy support is a pre-requisite
• Enabling policy
• Improved policy for trade
opportunities
• Trade facilitated agri-food
and agricultural products
export growth
• Country accepted in PCP-
FMD Stage 3
• FMD control measures
successfully
implemented, monitored
and evaluated
• Human capacity development
• Vaccine strategy and post-
vaccination monitoring
• FMD awareness campaigns
• Biosecurity measures applied
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Policy formulation
• Situation analysis (understanding
of context)
• Stakeholder engagement
Initiative and direction with the Veterinary Services
Consider Steering committee or Board with multiple stakeholders
Programme
intervention
Programme
output
Programme
outcome
Consider what assumptions are taken
Consider what assumptions are taken
Vision
– Change foreseen
Goal
– Contribution achieved
Strategies
– Approaches taken
17. Key messages
• For progressive FMD control, there is
need for long-term commitment from
key players
• To acquire this, FMD control (PCP-FMD)
needs to be part of the bigger picture,
supporting
• Government policy (livestock,
livelihoods)
• Private sector interest (export, trade,
production)
• Consequently, developing a National
Strategy Framework requires input from
both public and private sector and best
includes an investment analysis