This document summarizes research on the use of sodium bicarbonate as an ergogenic aid among collegiate athletes, particularly swimmers. It finds that sodium bicarbonate can benefit performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercise by acting as a buffer and reducing muscle acidosis. However, its effects on performance are moderate. While some studies show it can improve swimming performance, more research is needed, especially on collegiate swimmers and their motivations for using sodium bicarbonate. In general, many athletes lack nutrition knowledge and are influenced by coaches and peers to use supplements like sodium bicarbonate without fully understanding their effects.
The document discusses a study assessing NCAA swimmers' use of sodium bicarbonate (SB), including their knowledge, beliefs, and perceived benefits. It reviews literature showing many athletes consume supplements without fully understanding them. Studies found swimmers commonly use multivitamins and creatine. SB acts as a buffer against lactic acid buildup, potentially improving short-term, high-intensity performance. However, its effects on swimmers specifically are unclear due to limited research. The purpose of this study is to understand NCAA swimmers' SB use, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of caffeine consumption on reaction time in female collegiate swimmers. Ten swimmers from a Division I university participated in a randomized, single-blind study where they completed trials with no caffeine, 12 oz of caffeinated coffee, and 12 oz of decaffeinated coffee. Their reaction times were measured using a starting block timing system. The results showed no statistically significant difference in reaction times between the caffeine and control trials. The study concluded that one standard cup of coffee does not affect reaction time in collegiate swimmers, though a larger caffeine dose could potentially have an effect.
This study compared the physical fitness levels of school-level male basketball and volleyball players. 40 subjects aged 15-18 were tested for speed, agility, endurance and flexibility. The results showed no significant differences in the mean scores of these physical fitness variables between the basketball and volleyball players. The study concluded that both groups had similar physical fitness levels for these attributes.
Dieting and body image in aesthetic based sports presentationcassiemuir
This document discusses dieting and body image issues in aesthetic sports like ballet, gymnastics, and figure skating. It summarizes previous research finding high rates of pathogenic dieting, negative body image, and eating disorders among aesthetic athletes. Ideal body types in these sports put pressure on athletes and increase their risk of health issues like menstrual problems and low bone density. The conclusion calls for changing predetermined standards of diet and body image in these sports to improve athlete health.
The document provides information about sports nutrition and supplements. It introduces the speaker, who is a professor of sports medicine, and discusses their background and interests. It then covers various topics related to sports nutrition including: the energy demands of different sports; what constitutes sports nutrition; the roles of macronutrients and micronutrients; hydration and sports drinks; ergogenic aids and concerns around doping; and evidence-based suggestions for certain nutritional supplements like creatine, BCAAs, and probiotics.
This study aims to examine the effects of physical exercise on ferritin levels in female NCAA Division 1 athletes. It hypothesizes that blood samples taken after exercise will have different ferritin levels than those taken without exercise, and that ferritin levels will vary between sports teams and across a season. The study will take blood samples from female athletes on various teams both with and without prior exercise to measure ferritin levels. Statistical analysis will compare ferritin levels between the two sampling conditions and across teams using t-tests and ANOVAs. Issues around funding and participant recruitment are also discussed.
This document discusses performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and alternatives to their use. It defines PEDs as substances that can improve performance by altering biological functions. Common PEDs discussed include human growth hormone and anabolic steroids. The document reviews studies on PED use and health risks. It suggests that education on proper exercise and nutrition are better alternatives to PEDs for achieving fitness and performance goals in a healthy manner. Aerobic and anaerobic exercise are presented as natural alternatives that provide long-term benefits without health risks.
This study investigated the relationship between body fat percentage and physical fitness performance among 30 male basketball players aged 19-25 who participated in intervarsity games. The AAHPER test was used to measure physical fitness, while the Jackson & Pollock equation was used to determine body fat percentage. Pearson's correlation found a significant relationship between higher body fat percentage and lower physical fitness performance. This suggests that increased body fat negatively impacts athletic performance in sports requiring body movement.
The document discusses a study assessing NCAA swimmers' use of sodium bicarbonate (SB), including their knowledge, beliefs, and perceived benefits. It reviews literature showing many athletes consume supplements without fully understanding them. Studies found swimmers commonly use multivitamins and creatine. SB acts as a buffer against lactic acid buildup, potentially improving short-term, high-intensity performance. However, its effects on swimmers specifically are unclear due to limited research. The purpose of this study is to understand NCAA swimmers' SB use, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of caffeine consumption on reaction time in female collegiate swimmers. Ten swimmers from a Division I university participated in a randomized, single-blind study where they completed trials with no caffeine, 12 oz of caffeinated coffee, and 12 oz of decaffeinated coffee. Their reaction times were measured using a starting block timing system. The results showed no statistically significant difference in reaction times between the caffeine and control trials. The study concluded that one standard cup of coffee does not affect reaction time in collegiate swimmers, though a larger caffeine dose could potentially have an effect.
This study compared the physical fitness levels of school-level male basketball and volleyball players. 40 subjects aged 15-18 were tested for speed, agility, endurance and flexibility. The results showed no significant differences in the mean scores of these physical fitness variables between the basketball and volleyball players. The study concluded that both groups had similar physical fitness levels for these attributes.
Dieting and body image in aesthetic based sports presentationcassiemuir
This document discusses dieting and body image issues in aesthetic sports like ballet, gymnastics, and figure skating. It summarizes previous research finding high rates of pathogenic dieting, negative body image, and eating disorders among aesthetic athletes. Ideal body types in these sports put pressure on athletes and increase their risk of health issues like menstrual problems and low bone density. The conclusion calls for changing predetermined standards of diet and body image in these sports to improve athlete health.
The document provides information about sports nutrition and supplements. It introduces the speaker, who is a professor of sports medicine, and discusses their background and interests. It then covers various topics related to sports nutrition including: the energy demands of different sports; what constitutes sports nutrition; the roles of macronutrients and micronutrients; hydration and sports drinks; ergogenic aids and concerns around doping; and evidence-based suggestions for certain nutritional supplements like creatine, BCAAs, and probiotics.
This study aims to examine the effects of physical exercise on ferritin levels in female NCAA Division 1 athletes. It hypothesizes that blood samples taken after exercise will have different ferritin levels than those taken without exercise, and that ferritin levels will vary between sports teams and across a season. The study will take blood samples from female athletes on various teams both with and without prior exercise to measure ferritin levels. Statistical analysis will compare ferritin levels between the two sampling conditions and across teams using t-tests and ANOVAs. Issues around funding and participant recruitment are also discussed.
This document discusses performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and alternatives to their use. It defines PEDs as substances that can improve performance by altering biological functions. Common PEDs discussed include human growth hormone and anabolic steroids. The document reviews studies on PED use and health risks. It suggests that education on proper exercise and nutrition are better alternatives to PEDs for achieving fitness and performance goals in a healthy manner. Aerobic and anaerobic exercise are presented as natural alternatives that provide long-term benefits without health risks.
This study investigated the relationship between body fat percentage and physical fitness performance among 30 male basketball players aged 19-25 who participated in intervarsity games. The AAHPER test was used to measure physical fitness, while the Jackson & Pollock equation was used to determine body fat percentage. Pearson's correlation found a significant relationship between higher body fat percentage and lower physical fitness performance. This suggests that increased body fat negatively impacts athletic performance in sports requiring body movement.
Perceived exercise benefits and barriers among power wheelchair soccer players igbenito777
Power wheelchair soccer players perceived both personal and environmental benefits to exercise. The most commonly perceived benefit was "Exercising lets me have contact with friends and persons I enjoy." Those with muscular dystrophy perceived exercise as significantly less important than other groups. The most common perceived barriers were "Exercise is hard work for me," "Exercise tires me," and "There are too few places for me to exercise." Perceptions of benefits and barriers did not significantly differ based on age, sex, or experience, though those with cerebral palsy reported more physical benefits than those with muscular dystrophy.
The document discusses the evolution of the Female Athlete Triad concept into what is now known as RED-S Syndrome. RED-S Syndrome refers to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and recognizes that low energy availability can negatively impact both male and female athletes. The key components of RED-S are low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and bone health problems. Left untreated, RED-S can have psychological, metabolic, immune, and growth/repair consequences. While traditionally considered a women's issue, low energy availability is now known to potentially cause hormonal dysfunction and health problems for male athletes as well. Further research is still needed to better identify at-risk athletes and develop prevention and treatment protocols for RED-S.
Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and musculoskeletal health. A recent study launched a randomized controlled trial providing supplemental vitamin D and calcium to military personnel during training to see if it can prevent stress fractures. Over 500 soldiers have completed the study so far, which collects biochemical data on nutritional status and functional measures of bone health to determine if higher vitamin D intake beyond the recommended daily amount could optimize bone health during military training.
This study analyzed injury data from the medical records of 35 professional soccer players on a Brazilian premier league team over the 2009 season. A total of 95 injuries were recorded, with more occurring during training (53 injuries) than matches (42 injuries). Most injuries were to the lower limbs and were muscular in nature. Midfielders and strikers experienced injuries most frequently. The leading cause of injuries was collisions between players during training. The results suggest the need for improved safety measures during training to help prevent injuries.
1) The document discusses two experimental studies that tested the effects of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance.
2) In the first study, caffeine intake of 6 mg/kg BM enhanced cycling performance whether consumed before or during exercise. However, it showed little effect on metabolism.
3) The second study also found that caffeine ingestion increased endurance, but data did not support the theory that this was due to metabolic changes like glycogen sparing. Both studies demonstrated performance enhancement from caffeine, but little metabolic impact.
Evaluation of the match external load in soccerFernando Farias
In modern soccer training control and regulation is regarded as a relevant
methodological procedure to optimize training adaptations to maximize match performance 1-
3
. Training progress is the result of the interplay of external and internal loads imposed on
players during training sessions 2
. Although physiological adaptations are mediated by
internal load functional variation the doses necessary for obtaining them are practically seized
monitoring training external load 4
. The recent exponential advancement of match analysis
systems such as multi-camera and Global Position System Technology has enabled the
evaluation of player’s external load during specific training in elite and sub-elite competitive
and recreational soccer
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Cold water immersion alters muscle recruitment and balanceFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cold-water immersion on the electromyographic (EMG) response of
the lower limb and balance during unipodal jump landing. The evaluation comprised 40 individuals (20 basketball players
and 20 non-athletes). The EMG response in the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibular longus, rectus femoris,
hamstring and gluteus medius; amplitude and mean speed of the centre of pressure, flight time and ground reaction force
(GRF) were analysed. All volunteers remained for 20 min with their ankle immersed in cold-water, and were re-evaluated
immediately post and after 10, 20 and 30 min of reheating
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and Nutrient Timing for Optimal PerformanceThe York School
The document provides an overview of various nutritional supplements and their purported ergogenic effects and safety. It discusses creatine, arginine, beta-alanine, HMB, glutamine, caffeine, and whey protein. For each supplement, it summarizes the claims of effectiveness, proposed mechanisms of action, relevant research on safety and effectiveness for performance and physique adaptations, optimal dosing, and other practical considerations. Safety is the primary concern, and effectiveness requires evidence from biological plausibility and research studies.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed physical performance test data from 1,161 New Zealand rugby union players from 2004 to 2007 to determine differences between playing positions, levels, and years, and changes within players between competitions. The study found that props had the highest mass, body fat, and strength but slowest speeds, while outside backs had the lowest body fat and fastest speeds. Players at higher levels generally performed better than lower levels. Players improved annually in strength and repeated sprint ability. Physical performance generally decreased during professional competitions but increased when moving to higher level competitions.
Abstract
Go to
The motivation and habits of rock climbers were investigated using mixed methodology in order to better understand exercise participation. Forty-one patrons of a south eastern United States climbing gym completed a demographics form and adapted Sports Motivation Scale II (SMS-II), while thirty-six participants completed the Rock Climbing Motivation Survey (RCMS). Those with higher climbing frequency reported significantly higher levels of identified regulation than individuals who climbed less often (p=0.011). According to a thematic analysis, exercise balance and personal growth and challenges were the most commonly reported themes of motivation for rock climbing. The most frequently cited barriers were injury and time. Participants reported external motivators to climb upon initiation of the sport, but appeared to rely more on internal motivators to continue climbing. These findings, which are supported by current literature on physical activity, may be applicable to promoting exercise participation and maintenance.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
This literature review examines the effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism. Seven studies that utilized aerobic exercises like treadmill training and body weight supported treadmill training with subjects with Parkinson's disease were reviewed. The results across the studies found that aerobic exercise improved walking parameters like speed, stride length, home ambulation, and reduced movement initiation time. The literature review concluded that aerobic exercises can improve walking capacity in patients with parkinsonism.
The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuriesFernando Farias
Strength training reduced sports injuries to less
than one-third. We advocate that multiple exposure interven-
tions should be constructed on the basis of well-proven single
exposures and that further research into single exposures, par-
ticularly strength training, remains crucial. Both acute and
overuse injuries could be significantly reduced, overuse injuries
by almost a half.
This document summarizes a study that compared the post-exercise nutrition knowledge and practices of masters (≥50 years) and younger (≤30 years) triathletes in Australia. The study found that over 40% of triathletes did not know the recommended post-exercise carbohydrate and protein intake amounts. Both groups consumed inadequate carbohydrate after exercise compared to recommendations, with masters triathletes consuming significantly less carbohydrate and energy than younger triathletes. The results suggest triathletes have poor knowledge of post-exercise nutrition guidelines and masters triathletes may not be optimizing their recovery with current intake practices.
High intensity warm ups elicit superior performance Fernando Farias
The benefits of an active warm-up (WU) have been
attributed to increases in muscle temperature, nerve
conductivity, and the speeding of metabolic reactions.1 Non-
temperature-related benefifis include an increased blood-flflw
to working muscles, elevated baseline oxygen consumption,
and the induction of a post-activation potentiation (PAP)
effect.
Background: Cellular level body components and their impact on functional performances are still unclear in sports. The present study was aimed to investigate the sports specific alterations in body composition and physiological parameters and their relationships.Methods: Three forty-five (n = 345) junior elite athletes (mean age, 16.5 ± 1.91yrs) from different sports disciplines (football, n = 97; hockey, n =110;table tennis, n = 75, and badminton, n = 63) were evaluated at the end of their preparatory phase. Ninety-three (n = 93) age-matched (mean age, 16.3 ± 1.60 yrs) sedentary boys also served as a control group. Whole body Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was performed using a multi-frequency analyzer= ((Maltron Bioscan 920-2, Maltron International, Rayleigh, Essex, UK). Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Total-Body Water (TBW) were calculated using Asian based prediction equations from the manufacturer’s software. Maximal isometric hand grip & back strength, trunk fl exibility and 20-meter multistage shuttle run test (bleep test; for VO2 max) were conducted followed by standard procedure.
Steroid use among high school athletes is a growing problem. Steroids are performance-enhancing drugs that mimic the effects of testosterone and can help build muscle and increase endurance. High school athletes may feel pressure to use steroids to get athletic scholarships or please coaches. However, steroid use can have negative health effects and is often due to peer pressure. When used, steroids can improve athletic performance in the short term but long-term use can cause mood disorders, cognitive issues, and other health problems.
Circuit training vs cardiovascular endurance exercise (research)Joshua Plisko
This document summarizes a study that compared the effects of circuit training versus traditional cardiovascular endurance exercise in physical education classes. The study found that a six-week circuit training protocol significantly improved students' fitness levels on the PACER assessment, with a 63% greater increase compared to students who did traditional endurance exercise. The purpose of the study was to test an alternative training method to the commonly used jogging in PE classes and see its impact on fitness. It used a causal comparative design to examine ninth grade students assigned to either a circuit training or endurance exercise group that trained 3 times per week.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses 3 studies that examined the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with resistance training on muscular strength and endurance. The studies found that subjects who took creatine monohydrate supplements showed significant increases in measures of muscular strength like 1 rep max for bench press and leg press compared to placebo groups. The studies support the hypothesis that creatine supplementation increases phosphocreatine levels and ATP production, leading to greater muscular strength and endurance gains with resistance training.
Analysis of the physical fitness of the physical education professional stude...Sports Journal
The purpose of this study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables of the Physical
Education Professional students participated in the different competition levels. To achieve the purpose,
eighty three male physical education students studying B.P.Ed. Courses at Alvas B.P.Ed. Moddigere and
General Kariyappa B.P.Ed. College Shimogga during 2015 with age ranging 18-25 were selected at
random. They had their credit in participating Intercollegiate, South Zone and All India competitions.
The physical fitness variables selected for the study were the Shoulder Strength (Pull ups in nos.);
Abdominal Strength (Sit ups in nos.); Agility (Shuttle Run in secs.); Speed (50 meters dash in secs.);
Explosive Power (Standing Broad Jump in meters) and Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meters Run/Walk
in minutes). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significant difference
among different disciplines. Further the Scheffe’s Post Hoc test was used to find the significant
difference in paired mean scores. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the Pull Ups,
Sit Ups and Speed of the Physical Education Professional students participated in the different
competition levels. A better understanding of these relationships will help to understand the power and
endurance and also help to plan sport specific strength training at South Zone, All India and National
level athletes.
The document provides recommendations on nutrition for athletes and active individuals from the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine. The key recommendations are:
1) Athletes need adequate energy intake, especially carbohydrates and protein, during periods of intense training to maintain health and maximize performance.
2) Athletes should stay well hydrated before, during, and after exercise by drinking fluids to prevent dehydration.
3) Supplements are generally not needed if dietary needs are met from whole foods, but may benefit those with restricted diets or specific deficiencies.
The document provides an overview of nutrition, physical activity, exercise, and general guidelines for healthy eating and exercise. It discusses:
1) How genetics and lifestyle factors like diet, physical activity, and medicine influence health status, with lifestyle accounting for 70% of life expectancy.
2) The leading causes of death in the US are largely preventable through lifestyle changes that address risk factors like physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking, and excess alcohol.
3) General guidelines for a healthy diet include balancing calories with activity, choosing nutritious foods moderate in fat and sugars, and high in fruits/veggies.
4) General exercise guidelines recommend 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of
Perceived exercise benefits and barriers among power wheelchair soccer players igbenito777
Power wheelchair soccer players perceived both personal and environmental benefits to exercise. The most commonly perceived benefit was "Exercising lets me have contact with friends and persons I enjoy." Those with muscular dystrophy perceived exercise as significantly less important than other groups. The most common perceived barriers were "Exercise is hard work for me," "Exercise tires me," and "There are too few places for me to exercise." Perceptions of benefits and barriers did not significantly differ based on age, sex, or experience, though those with cerebral palsy reported more physical benefits than those with muscular dystrophy.
The document discusses the evolution of the Female Athlete Triad concept into what is now known as RED-S Syndrome. RED-S Syndrome refers to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and recognizes that low energy availability can negatively impact both male and female athletes. The key components of RED-S are low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and bone health problems. Left untreated, RED-S can have psychological, metabolic, immune, and growth/repair consequences. While traditionally considered a women's issue, low energy availability is now known to potentially cause hormonal dysfunction and health problems for male athletes as well. Further research is still needed to better identify at-risk athletes and develop prevention and treatment protocols for RED-S.
Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and musculoskeletal health. A recent study launched a randomized controlled trial providing supplemental vitamin D and calcium to military personnel during training to see if it can prevent stress fractures. Over 500 soldiers have completed the study so far, which collects biochemical data on nutritional status and functional measures of bone health to determine if higher vitamin D intake beyond the recommended daily amount could optimize bone health during military training.
This study analyzed injury data from the medical records of 35 professional soccer players on a Brazilian premier league team over the 2009 season. A total of 95 injuries were recorded, with more occurring during training (53 injuries) than matches (42 injuries). Most injuries were to the lower limbs and were muscular in nature. Midfielders and strikers experienced injuries most frequently. The leading cause of injuries was collisions between players during training. The results suggest the need for improved safety measures during training to help prevent injuries.
1) The document discusses two experimental studies that tested the effects of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance.
2) In the first study, caffeine intake of 6 mg/kg BM enhanced cycling performance whether consumed before or during exercise. However, it showed little effect on metabolism.
3) The second study also found that caffeine ingestion increased endurance, but data did not support the theory that this was due to metabolic changes like glycogen sparing. Both studies demonstrated performance enhancement from caffeine, but little metabolic impact.
Evaluation of the match external load in soccerFernando Farias
In modern soccer training control and regulation is regarded as a relevant
methodological procedure to optimize training adaptations to maximize match performance 1-
3
. Training progress is the result of the interplay of external and internal loads imposed on
players during training sessions 2
. Although physiological adaptations are mediated by
internal load functional variation the doses necessary for obtaining them are practically seized
monitoring training external load 4
. The recent exponential advancement of match analysis
systems such as multi-camera and Global Position System Technology has enabled the
evaluation of player’s external load during specific training in elite and sub-elite competitive
and recreational soccer
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Cold water immersion alters muscle recruitment and balanceFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cold-water immersion on the electromyographic (EMG) response of
the lower limb and balance during unipodal jump landing. The evaluation comprised 40 individuals (20 basketball players
and 20 non-athletes). The EMG response in the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibular longus, rectus femoris,
hamstring and gluteus medius; amplitude and mean speed of the centre of pressure, flight time and ground reaction force
(GRF) were analysed. All volunteers remained for 20 min with their ankle immersed in cold-water, and were re-evaluated
immediately post and after 10, 20 and 30 min of reheating
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and Nutrient Timing for Optimal PerformanceThe York School
The document provides an overview of various nutritional supplements and their purported ergogenic effects and safety. It discusses creatine, arginine, beta-alanine, HMB, glutamine, caffeine, and whey protein. For each supplement, it summarizes the claims of effectiveness, proposed mechanisms of action, relevant research on safety and effectiveness for performance and physique adaptations, optimal dosing, and other practical considerations. Safety is the primary concern, and effectiveness requires evidence from biological plausibility and research studies.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed physical performance test data from 1,161 New Zealand rugby union players from 2004 to 2007 to determine differences between playing positions, levels, and years, and changes within players between competitions. The study found that props had the highest mass, body fat, and strength but slowest speeds, while outside backs had the lowest body fat and fastest speeds. Players at higher levels generally performed better than lower levels. Players improved annually in strength and repeated sprint ability. Physical performance generally decreased during professional competitions but increased when moving to higher level competitions.
Abstract
Go to
The motivation and habits of rock climbers were investigated using mixed methodology in order to better understand exercise participation. Forty-one patrons of a south eastern United States climbing gym completed a demographics form and adapted Sports Motivation Scale II (SMS-II), while thirty-six participants completed the Rock Climbing Motivation Survey (RCMS). Those with higher climbing frequency reported significantly higher levels of identified regulation than individuals who climbed less often (p=0.011). According to a thematic analysis, exercise balance and personal growth and challenges were the most commonly reported themes of motivation for rock climbing. The most frequently cited barriers were injury and time. Participants reported external motivators to climb upon initiation of the sport, but appeared to rely more on internal motivators to continue climbing. These findings, which are supported by current literature on physical activity, may be applicable to promoting exercise participation and maintenance.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
This literature review examines the effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism. Seven studies that utilized aerobic exercises like treadmill training and body weight supported treadmill training with subjects with Parkinson's disease were reviewed. The results across the studies found that aerobic exercise improved walking parameters like speed, stride length, home ambulation, and reduced movement initiation time. The literature review concluded that aerobic exercises can improve walking capacity in patients with parkinsonism.
The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuriesFernando Farias
Strength training reduced sports injuries to less
than one-third. We advocate that multiple exposure interven-
tions should be constructed on the basis of well-proven single
exposures and that further research into single exposures, par-
ticularly strength training, remains crucial. Both acute and
overuse injuries could be significantly reduced, overuse injuries
by almost a half.
This document summarizes a study that compared the post-exercise nutrition knowledge and practices of masters (≥50 years) and younger (≤30 years) triathletes in Australia. The study found that over 40% of triathletes did not know the recommended post-exercise carbohydrate and protein intake amounts. Both groups consumed inadequate carbohydrate after exercise compared to recommendations, with masters triathletes consuming significantly less carbohydrate and energy than younger triathletes. The results suggest triathletes have poor knowledge of post-exercise nutrition guidelines and masters triathletes may not be optimizing their recovery with current intake practices.
High intensity warm ups elicit superior performance Fernando Farias
The benefits of an active warm-up (WU) have been
attributed to increases in muscle temperature, nerve
conductivity, and the speeding of metabolic reactions.1 Non-
temperature-related benefifis include an increased blood-flflw
to working muscles, elevated baseline oxygen consumption,
and the induction of a post-activation potentiation (PAP)
effect.
Background: Cellular level body components and their impact on functional performances are still unclear in sports. The present study was aimed to investigate the sports specific alterations in body composition and physiological parameters and their relationships.Methods: Three forty-five (n = 345) junior elite athletes (mean age, 16.5 ± 1.91yrs) from different sports disciplines (football, n = 97; hockey, n =110;table tennis, n = 75, and badminton, n = 63) were evaluated at the end of their preparatory phase. Ninety-three (n = 93) age-matched (mean age, 16.3 ± 1.60 yrs) sedentary boys also served as a control group. Whole body Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was performed using a multi-frequency analyzer= ((Maltron Bioscan 920-2, Maltron International, Rayleigh, Essex, UK). Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Total-Body Water (TBW) were calculated using Asian based prediction equations from the manufacturer’s software. Maximal isometric hand grip & back strength, trunk fl exibility and 20-meter multistage shuttle run test (bleep test; for VO2 max) were conducted followed by standard procedure.
Steroid use among high school athletes is a growing problem. Steroids are performance-enhancing drugs that mimic the effects of testosterone and can help build muscle and increase endurance. High school athletes may feel pressure to use steroids to get athletic scholarships or please coaches. However, steroid use can have negative health effects and is often due to peer pressure. When used, steroids can improve athletic performance in the short term but long-term use can cause mood disorders, cognitive issues, and other health problems.
Circuit training vs cardiovascular endurance exercise (research)Joshua Plisko
This document summarizes a study that compared the effects of circuit training versus traditional cardiovascular endurance exercise in physical education classes. The study found that a six-week circuit training protocol significantly improved students' fitness levels on the PACER assessment, with a 63% greater increase compared to students who did traditional endurance exercise. The purpose of the study was to test an alternative training method to the commonly used jogging in PE classes and see its impact on fitness. It used a causal comparative design to examine ninth grade students assigned to either a circuit training or endurance exercise group that trained 3 times per week.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses 3 studies that examined the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with resistance training on muscular strength and endurance. The studies found that subjects who took creatine monohydrate supplements showed significant increases in measures of muscular strength like 1 rep max for bench press and leg press compared to placebo groups. The studies support the hypothesis that creatine supplementation increases phosphocreatine levels and ATP production, leading to greater muscular strength and endurance gains with resistance training.
Analysis of the physical fitness of the physical education professional stude...Sports Journal
The purpose of this study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables of the Physical
Education Professional students participated in the different competition levels. To achieve the purpose,
eighty three male physical education students studying B.P.Ed. Courses at Alvas B.P.Ed. Moddigere and
General Kariyappa B.P.Ed. College Shimogga during 2015 with age ranging 18-25 were selected at
random. They had their credit in participating Intercollegiate, South Zone and All India competitions.
The physical fitness variables selected for the study were the Shoulder Strength (Pull ups in nos.);
Abdominal Strength (Sit ups in nos.); Agility (Shuttle Run in secs.); Speed (50 meters dash in secs.);
Explosive Power (Standing Broad Jump in meters) and Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meters Run/Walk
in minutes). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significant difference
among different disciplines. Further the Scheffe’s Post Hoc test was used to find the significant
difference in paired mean scores. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the Pull Ups,
Sit Ups and Speed of the Physical Education Professional students participated in the different
competition levels. A better understanding of these relationships will help to understand the power and
endurance and also help to plan sport specific strength training at South Zone, All India and National
level athletes.
The document provides recommendations on nutrition for athletes and active individuals from the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine. The key recommendations are:
1) Athletes need adequate energy intake, especially carbohydrates and protein, during periods of intense training to maintain health and maximize performance.
2) Athletes should stay well hydrated before, during, and after exercise by drinking fluids to prevent dehydration.
3) Supplements are generally not needed if dietary needs are met from whole foods, but may benefit those with restricted diets or specific deficiencies.
The document provides an overview of nutrition, physical activity, exercise, and general guidelines for healthy eating and exercise. It discusses:
1) How genetics and lifestyle factors like diet, physical activity, and medicine influence health status, with lifestyle accounting for 70% of life expectancy.
2) The leading causes of death in the US are largely preventable through lifestyle changes that address risk factors like physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking, and excess alcohol.
3) General guidelines for a healthy diet include balancing calories with activity, choosing nutritious foods moderate in fat and sugars, and high in fruits/veggies.
4) General exercise guidelines recommend 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of
This document is a research report that examines the relationships between financial and non-financial rewards, affective commitment, and employee retention. It reviews literature on different types of rewards and how they may influence affective commitment. The study aims to determine if satisfaction with financial and non-financial rewards is related to affective commitment, and if affective commitment then impacts employees' intentions to stay. It also examines if employees' income moderates the relationship between rewards and commitment. A survey was administered to employees across various organizations to measure rewards, commitment, and intentions. The results will analyze these relationships and help organizations design effective reward systems to improve retention through increased affective commitment.
This document discusses nutritional supplements used as ergogenic aids by athletes. It notes that while supplements are commonly used, adequate nutrition from food is generally safer and more effective. The document then summarizes the current research on some popular supplements, including androstenedione, branched chain amino acids, and caffeine, noting the claimed benefits and limitations of the evidence supporting ergogenic effects for athletes. It concludes that supplement claims are not always backed by strong evidence and some supplements may pose health risks.
The document provides an overview of nutrition guidelines and recommendations for physical fitness and sports. It discusses the benefits of physical activity, guidelines for beginning an exercise program, fuel sources for muscle work and prolonged exercise like glycogen, fat, and protein. It also covers carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin/mineral needs, fluid needs, and pre- and post-exercise meal guidelines to support performance and recovery.
Job Satisfaction Perception of Management Loyalty and Turnover Intent A Confi...Atif Ahmed
The main objective behind doing this study is to explain the motivational factors which can affect job satisfaction of a person within the organization. For this purpose, we have designed an easy and understandable research instrument (Likert scale Questionnaire) and
filled from the people working in different firms mainly SBT JAPAN and AXact. The variables used in this research are Job Satisfaction as dependent variable and Loyalty, Perception of Management, and Turnover Intent as independent variables.
1) The study surveyed 40 NCAA Division II swimmers about their nutrition knowledge, supplement use, and use of sodium bicarbonate.
2) It found that 85% of swimmers used supplements, with males being more likely to use supplements than females. The majority believed supplements were necessary to perform well but had little actual knowledge about supplements.
3) Regarding sodium bicarbonate specifically, 17% of swimmers reported using it, with most saying it improved performance but one reporting side effects. Knowledge of its side effects was low overall.
This document summarizes two studies that investigated the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on sprint and endurance exercise performance. The first study found that sodium bicarbonate ingestion increased the intensity of repeated sprint exercise in trained male athletes but did not affect lactate or hydrogen ion ratios. The second older study found that sodium bicarbonate ingestion improved average and peak power output during repeated sprint cycling in males and females. It also found benefits for endurance cycling performance in trained male cyclists. Both studies provide evidence that sodium bicarbonate can enhance sprint and endurance sports performance.
Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of National Basketball Men’s Team in...ijtsrd
Nutrition has a direct impact on the performance of national level basketball players. This study aimed to examine the nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of national basketball male athletes. The sample included 30 subjects age range 20 25 years mean BMI 22.1 kgm 2 who represented Sri Lankan men’s national basketball team. The sports nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of participants were assessed using a self administered questionnaire. Nutrition knowledge questions focused on energy and refuelling, hydration, supplements and protein intake. The mean nutritional knowledge score of participants was 53 . Participants’ knowledge of supplements was inadequate mean score for the section 37 . Regarding dietary habits,19 participants 63 consumed high carbohydrate foods after training competitions while majority of athletes consumed high protein foods before n=16, 53 and after n=21, 70 training competition. Meal skipping was not common in all participants. The majority of participants n=28, 93 consumed fluids before, during and after exercise. Fourteen participants 47 reported consuming alcohol. Dietary supplements use was reported in 43 of participants n=13 . It can be concluded that the participants of this study showed a moderate level of sports nutrition knowledge. Overall, the national male basketball players showed healthy dietary habits that help improve sports performance. K. A. A. Ishani | S. Weerasinghe "Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Habits of National Basketball Men’s Team in Sri Lanka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43711.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/43711/nutritional-knowledge-and-dietary-habits-of-national-basketball-men’s-team-in-sri-lanka/k-a-a-ishani
This document provides background information on protein supplement use among gym-goers in Lebanon. It begins with acknowledging those who helped with the project and providing a table of contents that outlines the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, limitations, ethics, and conclusion sections. The introduction discusses the increased popularity of protein supplements globally and reviews different types of supplements and their purposes. The literature review summarizes several previous studies that examined protein supplement use among athletes and gym-goers. The methodology section describes the study design, sampling, data collection, analysis, and ethics. The results and discussion sections will analyze survey responses from 50 gym-goers in Lebanon on their protein supplement use.
Nutrition, Sports, and Covid-19 Lockdown Impact on Young Competitive Artistic...Austin Publishing Group
Young artistic swimmers require a variety of athletic abilities for their sport and have high energy needs. The COVID-19 lockdown disrupted their training and highlighted issues with their nutrition. A study of 25 young female artistic swimmers found that during the lockdown, their macronutrient intake ratios were inverted from recommendations, with lower energy intake versus needs. Young athletes, families, and coaches need better nutrition guidelines and education to support healthy food choices that meet athletes' growth and performance needs.
Impact of nutrition education programme on college going girls engaged in spo...Sports Journal
Sports nutrition is a marginalized area of study yet nutrition plays a major role in good sportsmanship.
Sport nutrition focuses on the link between diet, nutrients and performance. The widely separated,
irregular food intakes and the increasing use of foods with low energy concentration can lead to poor
performance. Therefore the study was planned with the main objective to impart nutrition education to
college going girls engaged in sports activity. A need felt nutrition education programme was develop
after the assessment of nutrition knowledge of the female education programme developed in which
several Information Education and Communication material was prepared like poster, chart, flash card,
leaflet/pamphlet, power point presentation, folder. The results of the anthropometric measurement
showed that majority (74%) of the selected sports female were normal weight. The study showed the
sports person lack nutrition knowledge. Nutrition education intervention improved their mean awareness
score from 7.62 to 29.42 which
Reilly_Erinn_Eating Disorders Research Action PlanErinn Reilly
This document provides information about eating disorders in youth athletes. It defines eating disorders and body image issues, and discusses the mortality rates of eating disorders in adolescents. The document then examines the risk factors and prevalence of eating disorders in different types of sports that focus on weight, leanness, or aesthetics. Finally, it proposes an action plan to implement prevention and intervention strategies within the community through various 4-Safety promotional materials and a community event.
Influence of doping on behavioural dispositions of athletes in tertiary insti...Alexander Decker
This document examines the influence of doping on the behavioral dispositions of athletes in tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. It found that athletes who used doping substances often exhibited anti-social behaviors like feeling uncomfortable when losing, having difficulty with training, and leaving training camps without permission. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the behavioral dispositions of athletes who used doping substances compared to those who did not. The behaviors exhibited were recognized and rebuked by coaches. The study recommends that sports handlers educate athletes on the psychological problems of doping to gain competitive advantage.
This document describes a study that surveyed middle school, high school, and college athletes to understand their attitudes towards performance-enhancing drugs. The study hypothesized that younger athletes' responses would differ from college athletes' responses. Athletes completed the 17-item Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale questionnaire. The study found no significant differences between the three age groups' responses, disproving the hypothesis.
This document summarizes the current evidence on anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). It finds that while AAS have valid medical uses, they are commonly abused by athletes and non-athletes for performance and physique enhancement. AAS abuse often begins in adolescence and involves supraphysiological doses and drug "stacking". While AAS can increase muscle mass and strength, their non-medical use may lead to numerous negative health effects. The document recommends sports medicine professionals understand AAS to educate others and identify potential abusers.
NUtritional Supplement Use Among School Level Athlthes In Sri LankaBio-Inquirer
Research Done By Eashaan Dassanayaka - Diploma in Bio Medical Science
International Institute of Health Sciences Welisara Sri Lanka,
Supervised by Dr. Nishan Silva
Presented at Bio Inquirer research forum Sri lanka & International Health Conference 2016 Kings College London Strand.
The document discusses various supplements used by athletes and classifies them into four groups - Group A approved for regular use, Group B approved for research studies, Group C not recommended due to lack of research, and Group D banned. It then provides more details on sports drinks, creatine, caffeine, and raises ethical questions about the use of supplements.
The study analyzed the aerobic endurance of 480 basketball players aged 13 to 45 who participated in the 2015-2016 state championships. The players were divided into four groups based on age: under 14, under 16, under 18, and senior. Aerobic endurance was measured using the 12-minute cooper test. The results showed significant differences in aerobic endurance among the four age groups.
The Abuse Of Sporting Supplements Amongst AdolescentsKillian Vigna
This document is a student's submission form and essay on the abuse of sporting supplements among adolescents. The submission form provides the student's name, ID number, course of study, year, lecturer name, and date of submission. The essay introduction states that the research aims to discover factors influencing adolescent use of legal supplements and illegal anabolic steroids, and to determine what percentage of youth consume supplements and their reasons for doing so. The literature review summarizes two articles on influences on adolescent supplement use and androgenic steroid use among male adolescents. The proposed method of investigation is a quantitative survey distributed to sports clubs and gym users at the University of Limerick to answer the research questions.
Presentation about protein supplements' researchNadine Massaad
This document summarizes a study on protein supplement intake among gym-goers in Lebanon. The study found that 40% of gym-goers consumed protein supplements, most commonly whey protein shakes. Sources of advice on supplements were friends (40%) and gym instructors (30%). While 13 participants reported positive effects, 7 reported negative side effects. The discussion compares these findings to prior studies and notes limitations like small sample size. It concludes there is a need for programs to increase scientific knowledge on supplements and control misleading media information.
The document summarizes a journal article that examines college athletes' comfort levels with seeking behavioral health services. It finds that college athletes are less comfortable seeking mental health services compared to academic or athletic services. Division I athletes reported feeling significantly less comfortable than Division II or III athletes. The profile of the sport played did not significantly impact comfort levels. The study suggests addressing barriers related to mental health stigma, athletic culture, and service delivery to improve college athletes' willingness to seek needed behavioral health support.
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediat.docxrichardnorman90310
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care
Sports Specialization and Intensive
Training in Young Athletes
Joel S. Brenner, MD, MPH, FAAP, COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS
Clinical Report – Reaffirmed With Reference & Data Updates February 2021
This Clinical Report has been reaffirmed with reference and data updates.
New or updated references and datapoints are indicated in bold typeface.
No other changes have been made to the text or content.
Sports specialization is becoming the norm in youth sports for a variety
of reasons. When sports specialization occurs too early, detrimental
effects may occur, both physically and psychologically. If the timing is
correct and sports specialization is performed under the correct
conditions, the athlete may be successful in reaching specific goals.
Young athletes who train intensively, whether specialized or not, can
also be at risk of adverse effects on the mind and body. The purpose of
this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in counseling their young
athlete patients and their parents regarding sports specialization and
intensive training. This report supports the American Academy of
Pediatrics clinical report “Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout
in Child and Adolescent Athletes.”
INTRODUCTION
Youth sports culture has changed dramatically over the past 40 years.1
It is less common today to see a group of young children congregate
in a neighborhood to play a “pick-up” game without any adult
influence. The norm has become for children and adolescents to
participate in organized sports driven by coaches and parents, often
with different goals for the game than its young participants. It is also
less common now to have a multisport athlete in middle or high
school, because the norm has become for young athletes to specialize
in a single sport at younger ages. There is increased pressure to
participate at a high level, to specialize in 1 sport early, and to play
year-round, often on multiple teams. This increased emphasis on
sports specialization has led to an increase in overuse injuries,
overtraining, and burnout.1–3
abstract
This document is copyrighted and is property of the American
Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors have
filed conflict of interest statements with the American Academy of
Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through a process
approved by the Board of Directors. The American Academy of
Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any commercial
involvement in the development of the content of this publication.
Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit
from expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and
external reviewers. However, clinical reports from the American
Academy of Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or
the organizations or government agencies that they represent.
The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course
of.
This document discusses the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to evaluate body composition in athletes. It finds that BIA may provide acceptable estimates of body composition in groups of athletes when testing conditions are well controlled, but has limitations for detecting small changes in individuals. Key factors that need to be controlled include hydration levels, recent exercise, diet, and skin temperature as these can influence impedance measurements. There is also a tendency for BIA to overestimate body fat levels in lean athletes and especially in African American athletes. More research is still needed on the use of BIA in female athletes as well.
Allison Kliewer is a registered dietitian living in San Antonio, Texas. She received a master's degree in science from the University of the Incarnate Word in 2012 and a bachelor's degree in science from Henderson State University in 2010. Currently, she works as a clinical dietitian at North Central Baptist Hospital and has previous experience as a dietetic technician at St. Luke's Baptist Hospital. She is an active member of several professional organizations and volunteer activities. Kliewer has received several honors and awards for her academic and athletic achievements.
- The 77-year old female patient was admitted to the hospital for vomiting blood and abdominal pain. She suffered from multiple comorbidities and underwent several surgeries previously.
- During her 13-day hospital stay, she developed several complications including ileus, sepsis, pneumonia, and small bowel obstruction. Her condition continued to decline despite treatment.
- She passed away after being placed on comfort care measures only. Her complex medical history and multiple postoperative complications ultimately led to her death.
This document provides a business plan for Sonny Sport Nutrition, a proposed sports nutrition service for athletes at the University of the Incarnate Word. The summary is:
Sonny Sport Nutrition will provide individualized sports nutrition services and education to athletes at the University of the Incarnate Word. The company aims to help athletes enhance performance, speed recovery, and make informed choices about nutrition, supplements, and more. As the only such service in the area, it will offer UIW a unique recruiting advantage as the school transitions to Division I athletics. The business will be operated as a limited liability corporation by its founder, a registered dietitian with experience as an athlete and coach.
This document describes a case of exertional rhabdomyolysis in a 28-year-old male soccer player after participating in a 3-day, 7-game soccer tournament. He experienced cramping and was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. He was treated with IV fluids and supportive care and discharged after 10 days. Rhabdomyolysis results from skeletal muscle breakdown causing the release of intracellular contents into circulation. Causes discussed include exertion, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, heat illness, trauma, and drugs. The pathophysiology involves disruption of sodium-potassium pumps in muscle cells leading to calcium overload, activation of proteases, and muscle cell breakdown.
The authors worked together effectively to provide information about healthy eating and supplement use at a booth at Northeast Baptist Hospital over two days in March. They discussed their topic in February and decided to provide correct information about supplements and the benefits of a balanced diet given media coverage of supplements. Their booth used different materials like posters, handouts, and activities to engage people. A survey of 7 people found that all found the booth helpful and wanted to see more nutrition booths, with most finding the presenters knowledgeable. The booth successfully reached many people to provide truthful information about supplements and healthy diets.
This study investigated the prevalence of anemia and nutrient deficiencies in the first year after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in 377 patients. The results found that 25% of patients developed anemia, with 33% having iron deficiency, 15% with folate deficiency, and 50% with vitamin B12 deficiency. Overall, 63% of patients were diagnosed with at least one of these deficiencies. Female patients and those with a prior gastric band had higher rates of deficiencies. The study recommends increased supplementation of iron, folate, and B12 after surgery to prevent deficiencies and anemia.
This document provides recipes for several dishes:
1) Red Potato Colcannon, a potato and cabbage dish, made by steaming potatoes and sautéing cabbage and onions before mixing together.
2) Fighting Green Irish Salad, a salad with lettuce, asparagus, peas, tomatoes and a lemon vinaigrette dressing.
3) Lucky Apple Crumble, a dessert of baked apples topped with an oat and flour crumble topping.
The document announces a St. Patrick's Day lunch being held on March 14th from 11:30 am to 1:00 pm in the TCID dining room. A traditional Irish menu including Irish salad, colcannon, soda bread, corned beef, and apple crumble will be served at the standard staff price.
The document contains a survey asking the respondent to rate statements about a meal experience on a scale of agree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, or not applicable. The statements cover the professionalism of foodservice staff, proper food temperatures, staff politeness, attractiveness of served foods, quality and flavor of ingredients meeting expectations, and wanting to have the meal again. It requests suggestions to improve the meal experience and closes with an Irish blessing.
The document announces a St. Patrick's Day lunch celebration on March 14th from 11:30 am to 1:00 pm in the TCID dining room. The lunch will feature traditional Irish foods like Fighting Irish Green Salad, Fried Potato Colcannon, Soda Bread, Brown Sugar and Mustard Glazed Corned Beef, and Lucky Apple Crumble. A short poem is also included wishing good health, luck, and happiness.
The document summarizes a St. Patrick's Day themed meal served at a long-term care facility for tuberculosis patients. Key details include:
- The menu included corned beef, potato colcannon, Irish salad, soda bread, and apple crumble.
- 46 meals were served, slightly under the target of 50. Most foods were well-received though salad ran out early.
- A consumer survey found most patients agreed the meal was professionally served, at proper temperature, and met expectations for quality and flavor.
The document outlines a 3-day menu designed by a dietetic intern to meet the nutritional needs of patients at the Texas Center for Infectious Disease, a long-term care facility. The menu was created to follow guidelines for a cardiac, 200g carbohydrate, renal, and mechanical soft diet based on the facility's population which includes patients with tuberculosis, substance abuse issues, and malnutrition from various countries. Nutritional analysis of the menu shows it meets standards for heart healthy eating while controlling carbohydrates and restricting nutrients for renal and dental diets.
This study examined the prevalence of anemia and nutrient deficiencies in the first year after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in 377 patients. Key results included:
- 66% of patients developed new anemia within the first post-op year
- 33% were iron deficient at one year
- 15% were folic acid deficient
- 50% were vitamin B12 deficient
- Overall, 63% of patients were deficient in iron, folic acid, or B12 by the end of the first post-op year. Risk was higher in females.
This document describes a case of exertional rhabdomyolysis in a 28-year-old male soccer player after participating in a 3-day, 7-game soccer tournament. He experienced cramping and was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. He was treated with IV fluids and supportive care and discharged after 10 days. Rhabdomyolysis results from skeletal muscle breakdown causing the release of intracellular contents into circulation. Causes discussed include exertion, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, heat illness, trauma, and drugs. The pathophysiology involves disruption of sodium-potassium pumps in muscle cells leading to calcium overload, activation of proteases, and muscle cell breakdown.
This patient is a 28-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital for exertional rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after participating in a soccer tournament. He had a history of heat exhaustion from soccer previously. During his hospital stay he was aggressively hydrated and his renal function and creatine kinase levels gradually improved. Nutrition education was provided regarding adequate carbohydrate intake for his high activity levels and future prevention of similar issues.
This document outlines the case of a 77-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital with an upper gastrointestinal bleed and developed ileus. It provides background information on ileus, including causes, pathophysiology, and risks. It then details the progression of the patient's disease and complications in the intensive care unit, including pneumonia, sepsis, and small bowel obstruction. The document discusses evidence for using trophic or full-energy enteral nutrition in critically ill patients and describes the nutrition care process implemented for this patient, including total parenteral nutrition supplemented with trophic enteral feeds.
This document provides guidelines and recommendations for physical activity and hydration. It recommends that children get at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, and adults aim for 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week. It also stresses the importance of staying hydrated during exercise, with recommendations to drink water before, during, and after physical activity and not rely solely on thirst. The hot and humid weather in San Antonio increases the risk of dehydration.
This patient is a 28-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital for exertional rhabdomyolysis after playing in a soccer tournament. Rhabdomyolysis is a condition where skeletal muscle breaks down and releases intracellular contents into circulation. If untreated, it can lead to kidney failure. The patient was initially diagnosed with heat exhaustion but later diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. He had a 10-day hospital stay and lacked understanding of his condition upon discharge.
Georgia vs Portugal Georgia UEFA Euro 2024 Squad Khvicha Kvaratskhelia Leads ...Eticketing.co
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Croatia vs Italy Modric's Last Dance Croatia's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey and Ita...Eticketing.co
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Belgium vs Romania Injuries and Patience in Belgium’s Euro Cup Germany Squad....Eticketing.co
Belgium coach Domenico Tedesco will wait for several key players to recover from injury. Even if it means they miss the opening Euro Cup Germany stages of the European Championship in Germany this month. Veteran defender Jan Vertonghen, midfielder Youri Tielemans and defender Arthur. Theate are being given time to play in the tournament because they are considered vital to Belgium’s cause, Tedesco said on Tuesday.
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"Of course, you prefer to take players who are fully fit, but that's okay. We want to wait and be patient for some players even if they cannot play in those first matches," he told a press conference. The 37-year-old Vertonghen, Belgium’s Euro Cup 2024 most-capped international with 154 appearances, is struggling to shake off a groin injury.
"He will be there normally. This also applies to Youri Tielemans and Arthur Theate. The latter's position is very sensitive. We don't have many choices at left back. "It will only change if it turns out that they will only be available when, say, the final of the Euro 2024 Championship comes around. That's too long to wait. "However, I am confident that the injured boys are on track for the Euros.
Belgium vs Romania: Radu Dragusin Prepares for Crucial Role in Euro Cup Germany
Some of them have taken not one but two steps forward in their rehabilitation," he said. None of the injured players will feature in this week’s warm-up friendlies against Montenegro and Luxembourg. Romania centre-back Radu Dragusin found chances limited at Tottenham Hotspur in the second half of the 2023-24 season.
But is crucial to his country's cause at UEFA Euro 2024 where his aerial ability, physicality and hard graft make him a standout player. The 22-year-old moved to North London from Italian side Genoa in January but was kept on the sidelines by the form of another new arrival for the season, Mickey van de Ven, something Romania coach Edward Iordanescu admitted was a concern.
It will mean limited game-time going into the finals, but Dragusin, who cites Netherlands defender Virgil van Dijk as a role model, started every Euro Cup Germany qualifier as Romania went through the campaign unbeaten in their 10 games. He will be among their most important players in their first game in Germany against Ukraine in Munich on June 17, taking the right centre-back role in what is likely to be a back four.
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Hesan Soufi's Legacy: Inspiring the Next GenerationHesan Soufi
Hesan Soufi's impact on the game extends far beyond his on-field exploits. With his humility, sportsmanship, and unwavering commitment to excellence, Soufi has become a role model for aspiring footballers worldwide. His legacy lies not only in his achievements but also in the inspiration he provides to the next generation of talented players.
According to the report, the consumption of video content related to IPL 2024 has seen significant growth, nearly 3 times more than the previous season, reflecting an increasing interest of fans.
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Psaroudakis: Family and Football – The Psaroudakis Success StoryPsaroudakis
Psaroudakis, a name that resonates with football fans around the globe, is a testament to the powerful synergy between familial support and individual passion. Born on March 10, 1992, in the historic city of Heraklion, Crete, Psaroudakis’ journey to international football stardom is a compelling narrative of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering family support. His story not only highlights his athletic prowess but also underscores the crucial role his family played in shaping his career and character.
Psaroudakis’ early life in Heraklion was deeply influenced by a supportive and nurturing family environment. His father, a former semi-professional footballer, recognized Psaroudakis’ potential from an early age. Acting as his first coach, his father’s guidance was instrumental in igniting Psaroudakis’ passion for football. This paternal influence instilled in him a strong work ethic and fundamental skills that would become the foundation of his future success. His mother, a dedicated homemaker, provided a stable and nurturing environment, ensuring that Psaroudakis could pursue his dreams without any hindrances.
From a young age, Psaroudakis showed an innate talent for football. Growing up in Heraklion, he spent countless hours playing football in local parks and streets with friends and family. His natural ability was evident even in these informal settings, and his enthusiasm for the game was infectious. By the age of five, Psaroudakis had joined a local youth football club, where his skills began to flourish. His father’s role as his first coach during these formative years was crucial, as he emphasized not only technical skills but also the importance of discipline and teamwork.
The transition from playing in local parks to joining a structured football environment marked a significant step in Psaroudakis’ journey. At the age of ten, he joined the youth academy of OFI Crete, one of Greece’s most esteemed football clubs. This move marked the beginning of a more rigorous and professional approach to his training. The academy environment was demanding, focusing on honing technical abilities and instilling values of sportsmanship and dedication. Psaroudakis’ dedication to his craft was evident as he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a standout player in the youth teams.
The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
Luciano Spalletti Leads Italy's Transition at UEFA Euro 2024.docxEuro Cup 2024 Tickets
Italy are the defending European champs, but after Luciano Spalletti swapped Roberto Mancini last September, they are still taking the cautious first steps of a new era
Understanding Golf Simulator Equipment A Beginner's Guide.pdfMy Garage Golf
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Netherlands vs Austria Netherlands Face Familiar Foes in Euro Cup Germany Gro...Eticketing.co
The Netherlands are in Group D in Euro Cup Germany - and, unpaid to this, they will be coming up against familiar foes. Remarkably, they have played France, who have fashioned some of the greatest players of all time, 30 times throughout history. Despite France being more effective in major competitions, including captivating the World Cup in 2018, Holland have the greater head-to-head record.
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However, in 2023, they played one another twice, with France endearing both matches 4-0 and 2-1 individually. Against Poland and Austria, the Netherlands also have a stout record, winning just under half the matches. They faced Austria at Euro 2020, engaging 2-0, and they haven't lost to Poland since 1979.
The lettering is on the wall for Holland to qualify for the knockouts, but nothing is failsafe. The Netherlands kickstart their Euros campaign against Poland on Sunday, June 16th. In Hamburg, they will have to go up against one of the best strikers in the world, Robert Lewandowski.
Netherlands vs Austria: Tough Challenges Await the Netherlands in Euro Cup Germany
Five days later, they travel south to face France in Leipzig, a side led by Kylian Mbappe - one of the finest players in the world currently and one of the most impressive players in his nation's history. To conclude, they face Austria in Berlin, knowing it could be the end of the road if they don't perform.
Ronald Koeman is widely considered one of the more successful Dutch managers in Premier League history, considering the nation has a reputation for struggling to replicate their talents in England. The former Everton manager went against that script and shone — and now he is back managing his nation.
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Netherlands vs Austria: Ronald Koeman's Tactical Approach For UEFA Euro 2024
As well as being the highest-scoring defender in history, Koeman is a man with immense tactical knowledge. He returned to manage Holland at the start of 2023 after it was announced Louis van Gaal would retire. His life back in the dugout with the team wasn't easy, as he lost his first match 4-0 to France after going 3-0 down within 21 minutes.
However, he eventually helped them qualify for Euro Cup Germany. The 61-year-old likes to organize his team with a defensive mindset. Some might call it pragmatic as he defends with minimal space between the lines, but that's often needed for international football.
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Lit review
1. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 1
Sodium Bicarbonate: A Role in Collegiate Swimming
Allison Kliewer
University of the Incarnate Word
November 20, 2012
2. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 2
Introduction
Competitive athletes compete and train to the best of their abilities. They have to be
able to perform in any condition and at their best in order to excel in a sport. Athletes trying to
achieve at the highest level of competition often use ergogenic aids such as creatine, caffeine,
and ephedrine to enhance sport performance. An ergogenic aid is defined as “any means of
enhancing energy utilization, including energy production, control, and efficiency” (Silver,
2001). Albeit limited, the use of ergogenic aids has been increasing in the collegiate athlete
population (Dascombe et al, 2010).
Athletes have been using special foods to enhance physical performance for many
years. In 500 BC athletes would eat the liver of a deer or the heart of a lion in beliefs that the
foods would provide speed and courage needed for victory in sport or battle (Rosenbloom and
Rosbruck, 2008). Today many dietary supplements are available for athletes but the fact
remains that very few improve performance, however, sport nutrition and weight loss
supplements are over the $18 billion dollar mark in sales (Rosenbloom and Rosbruck, 2008).
Health claims of dietary supplements are regulated by the Dietary Supplements and Health
Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The DSHEA prohibits claims that diagnose, mitigate, treat, cure
or prevent specific disease or medical conditions, but allows drug manufactures to make health
claims related to body structure and function (ADA, 2009). Claims for enhanced performance
can be made, whether valid or not, without demonstrated safety and efficacy of a product
(ADA, 2009).
3. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 3
To understand the full nature of ergogenic use by collegiate athletes, knowledge of
nutrition, supplements and performance, motivation for use, environmental influences,
attitude and efficacy need to be determined.
Use of Ergogenic Aids
The use of performance enhancing substance unfortunately begins at an early age, as
seen the Goulet et study, 2010, that showed one out of four young athletes use performance
enhancing supplements. A retrospective survey of self-reported use of performance enhancing
substances in young athletes found that 25% of the 3527 athletes took one or more of 15
prohibited or restricted substances banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The
survey was sent to civic and school sport programs across Quebec. The mean age was 15 years.
Goulet et at found a significant relationship associated with use of supplement behavior,
athletic level, and subjective norms (2010). If the athlete believed supplementation would
increase the chances to compete on a level playing field with opponents or make an elite team,
the use of supplementation increased. Cost and effectiveness had a moderate influence on the
athlete’s intention to use supplements. Coaches, physicians, teammates and friends can have a
significant influence of intention to use or abstain from using supplements. Moral obligation
was the most significant influence for athletes not to take supplements. Athletic attitude was
found not to be the sole factor, rather the athletes psychosocial environment measured by
factors such as subjective norms and facilitating factors have significant impact on the decision
to use supplements (Goulet et al, 2010).
Nutritional knowledge of Collegiate Athletes
4. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 4
Although athletes are familiar with the use of supplements, many lack basic nutrition
knowledge. Based on a true or false nutrition questionnaire, Ozdogan, Y. and Ozcelik, A. (2011),
found of the 343 participants receiving sports education at a university level, neither athletes
nor coaches were found to have sufficient nutrition knowledge. The results are similar to the
findings of Torres-McGhee et al, who conducted a cross-sectional study on division I, II, and III
institutions across the United States surveying nutritional knowledge of athletes, coaches,
athletic trainers, and strength and conditioning specialists (2012). A questionnaire of 20 items
based on nutritional resources, basic nutrition, supplements and performance, weight
management, and hydration was sent to various institutions via email. Adequate sports
nutrition knowledge was defined as an overall score of 75% out of a possible 100% in all
domains. Total response rate was 38% of the 100 National Collegiate Athletic Association
(NCAA) institutions recruited; subjects consisted of 185 athletes, 131 coaches, 192 athletic
trainers, and 71 strength and conditioning specialists. The average score of basic nutrition
knowledge was 68.5%. Only 35.9% of coaches and 9% of athletes received an adequate score.
Therefore, it is shown that both coaches and athletes have an inadequate base knowledge of
nutrition. Athletes and coaches also had the lowest scores in the knowledge for supplements
and performance domain.
Athlete’s Attitude/Beliefs/Influences on Use of Ergogenic Aids
A study of use and perceptions of nutrition and supplements was conducted by
Karabudak and Ercumen on elite water sport athletes who competed at national, international
and Olympic levels within Europe (2011). Results show that 72% of athletes take supplements,
5. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 5
and believe they are necessary to be successful in sport. The primary purpose for taking
supplements was to provide energy, maintain strength, maintain health, and restore nutrients.
The most commonly used supplements by swimmers were multivitamins, multivitamin with
minerals and creatine. The lack of congruence between the reasons and supplements used,
shows poor understanding of why the athletes take supplements. Fourty-one percent of the
athletes claimed an explanation for not seeking further information regarding a specific
supplement was that “the product must be safe since it is a commonly advice.” Results also
indicate that the belief of supplements as an unavoidable part of competition, and the pressure
to take dietary supplements is reflected in the high prevalence of use (Karabudak and Ercumen,
2011). Fifty-four percent of those who do not take supplements and 78% of those who do take
supplements felt well informed about nutrition and nutrition supplements, however, other
results showed that 53% of athletes had minimal or no knowledge about the supplements they
took, and only 36% of those who used supplements were aware of the possible contamination.
The authors conclude that athletes appear to take supplements with poor understanding of
why they take them (Karabudak and Ercumen, 2011).
Froiland et al, 2004, conducted a survey on 207 male and female division I athletes. The
survey was developed to determine an athlete’s definition of supplement, use and regularity of
supplements, source of information and recommendations regarding use and reasons for
choosing to use, supplemental frequency of use, personal explanation for use and how it
enhances performance or improve health, and demographics. Only 11% reported having never
used supplements and 34% accurately defined supplements by including a positive effect on
sport performance, strength, muscle, and recovery in their definition. Of those who used, 86%
6. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 6
took supplements for energy. Most information on supplements was obtained from either,
family, teammates, strength coach, athletic trainer, registered dietitian (RD), friend or coach.
The reasons for use were for health, strength and power, increased energy, and weight and
muscle gain. Thirty-three percent did not consider fluid and calorie replacement products as a
dietary supplement, and only 37% correctly identified the appropriate function of vitamins
while 30% thought vitamins provided energy. Therefore, it is evident that athletes do not have
a clear or complete understanding of what qualifies as a dietary supplement. It should be noted
the athletic department provided a RD specializing in sports nutrition at no charge to the
athletes. In this study advice given by staff clearly affected the choices of the athletes regarding
supplementation.
Recent master’s theses papers have examined the use of supplements in collegiate
athletes. Burgio, R., 2006, determined the nutritional knowledge base of student-athletes
attending California State University in Northridge (CSUN). Burgio found that CSUN athletes had
inadequate nutrition knowledge and 67% asked for improved sport performance education. Of
the CSUN athletes taking supplements, many lacked basic understanding of supplements and
their physiological impact. Burgio found that athletes believe that a higher intake of nutritional
supplementation is required in order to maximize recovery, improve training adaptations,
intensity and performance and/or avoid illness and maintain health, in agreement with
conclusions published by Froiland et al, 2004. Athlete’s reasons for use include physical demand
of their respective sport, teammates, coaches and parents. Based on the findings of Burgio in
2006, Rodriguez, D. developed a brochure on nutrition education to enhance athletic
7. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 7
performance as a master’s thesis, and found the brochure to be useful and highly valued by the
CSUN athletes with recommendations for more information regarding supplements (2012).
Hansen, T. (2010) and Lewis, M. (2012) conducted similar master’s theses papers as that
of Burgio in 2006. Hansen surveyed 147 division I female soccer players and found that this
population was most influenced by RDs and strength and conditioning coaches regarding
nutrition related knowledge (2010). Lewis surveyed 152 male and female division I athletes of
various sports with a 14 item questionnaire. Results showed that 51% of those that used
nutritional ergogenic aids, and 33% of those who did not, believed supplements are the most
effective way to build muscle and increase energy (2012). Of the 80% who used nutritional
ergogenic supplements, 90% reported an experienced benefit.
Caffeine is the most widely used ergogenic aid with elite competitors (Applegate, 1999).
The ergogenic dose is between 250 mg and 350 mg, or 3-13 mg per kg body weight, which can
sometimes result in restlessness, nervousness and insomnia (Ghaphery, 1995 and Applegate,
1999). Creatine is also a commonly used ergogenic aid. Athletes take the supplement of
approximately 20-25 g per day, for several days, to increases creatine levels in the muscle by 20
percent to delay fatigue and enhance performance (Applegate, 1999).
Sodium Bicarbonate as an Ergogenic Aid
Sodium bicarbonate (SB), more commonly known as baking soda, has been used for
years. As an ergogenic aid SB is reported to reduce the negative effects of acid build up in the
circulation. SB proponents claim that it increases endurance, shortens recovery time, and helps
increase intensity during exercise. In addition, claims by supplement shops and drug
8. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 8
manufacture’s include that taking SB will increase intensity with resistance training, help with
muscle recovery, and maximize physique and performance impact. There are no regulations
against the use of SB and it is not banned by the IOC or NCAA. However, there is conflicting
evidence in the literature that the supplement enhances performance, as the ergogenic effects
of SB have been demonstrated in some types of exercise and not others. There is limited
research on competitive collegiate swimmers even though many swimmers use it and many
coaches recommend using it (personal experience). Conclusive evidence is needed to
determine the role of SB on competitive swimmers (Edge, J., Bishop, D., and Goodman, C.
2006).
Mechanism of Sodium Bicarbonate
During high-intensity exercise the body is supplied energy via anaerobic glycolysis. The
by-product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactic acid which builds up within the muscle cell, inhibiting
energy production, and resulting in fatigue (Ghaphery, N. A. 1995). The buildup of lactic acid
eventually will leak out of the muscle cell into the blood (Ghaphery, N. A. 1995). Sodium
bicarbonate is used as a buffering agent in the extracellular environment to improve
performance during continuous short-term high intensity work. Increased extracellular
buffering capacity efficiently buffers diffused hydrogen ions and lactate. This helps to indirectly
maintain intracellular pH because SB cannot diffuse directly into the muscle cells and affect
intracellular pH (Ghaphery, N. A. 1995).
Preventing a decrease in blood pH via increased buffering capacity has been
hypothesized to provide a delay in fatigue and enhance performance. Fatigue is attributed to
9. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING 9
lower pH values which inhibit muscular contraction by: inhibiting enzyme activity in key
metabolic pathways (glycolysis, citric acid cycle and electron transport oxidative
phosphorylation), inhibiting the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and
the binding of calcium ions to the protein troponin reducing the rate of cross bridge cycling. It
also impairs the rate of depolarization of the muscle membrane and propagation of the neural
impulse initiated at the motor end plate (Requena et al, 2005).
Intra and extracellular buffer systems act to reduce buildup of hydrogen ions by
preventing a large drop in pH during intense muscle contractions (Edge, J., Bishop, D., and
Goodman, C. 2006). Sodium bicarbonate ingestion acts as a buffering agent and is thought to
improve performance in short term anaerobic exercise by reducing the accumulation of
hydrogen ions in skeletal muscle, interstitium, and blood (Edge, J., Bishop, D., and Goodman, C.
2006). Sodium bicarbonate facilitates efflux of hydrogen ions and lactic acid from cells and
reportedly increases the rate of ATP production. (Raymer, G., Marsh, G., Kowalchuk, T., and
Thompson, R. 2004). Edge et al. found SB ingestion leads to a greater lactate threshold, mean
power, and short term endurance (2006).
Conclusions and Future Research
Based of the articles, sodium bicarbonate does benefit sport performance in high
intensity short exercises as well as longer moderate intensity exercise. The ergogenic effects are
moderate and do not dramatically improve performance, rather it helps athletes stay at a high
intensity for a longer period of time due to the muscle buffering capacity.
10. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING
10
There have only been limited studies conducted with swimmer athletes, Zajac et al
(2009) and Lindh et al (2008), of small subject size and lack of female athletes that limit the
validity. Of the studies conducted on swimmers, none reported on the motivation behind taking
SB such as health claims, coach recommendations, influence of other athletes, perceived
effectiveness, perceived experienced benefit, reported gastrointestinal risk, source of
information about SB, knowledge of basic nutrition, knowledge of supplement use and sports,
frequency of ingestion, how much money the athlete spends on SB, reasons for further
research of SB or lack of by the athlete, perceived pressure to take SB, use with other
supplements, or personal explanation for reasons to take SB. As previously addressed, there is a
direct relationship between an athlete’s attitude/beliefs and the decision to use ergogenic aids.
Therefore, to fully understand the role SB plays on collegiate swimming, the above criteria need
to be evaluated in collegiate swimmers who currently or have previously taken SB.
11. SODIUM BICARBONATE: A ROLE IN COLLEGIATE SWIMMING
11
References
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