This study analyzed injury data from the medical records of 35 professional soccer players on a Brazilian premier league team over the 2009 season. A total of 95 injuries were recorded, with more occurring during training (53 injuries) than matches (42 injuries). Most injuries were to the lower limbs and were muscular in nature. Midfielders and strikers experienced injuries most frequently. The leading cause of injuries was collisions between players during training. The results suggest the need for improved safety measures during training to help prevent injuries.
Evaluation of the match external load in soccerFernando Farias
In modern soccer training control and regulation is regarded as a relevant
methodological procedure to optimize training adaptations to maximize match performance 1-
3
. Training progress is the result of the interplay of external and internal loads imposed on
players during training sessions 2
. Although physiological adaptations are mediated by
internal load functional variation the doses necessary for obtaining them are practically seized
monitoring training external load 4
. The recent exponential advancement of match analysis
systems such as multi-camera and Global Position System Technology has enabled the
evaluation of player’s external load during specific training in elite and sub-elite competitive
and recreational soccer
The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuriesFernando Farias
Strength training reduced sports injuries to less
than one-third. We advocate that multiple exposure interven-
tions should be constructed on the basis of well-proven single
exposures and that further research into single exposures, par-
ticularly strength training, remains crucial. Both acute and
overuse injuries could be significantly reduced, overuse injuries
by almost a half.
Body composition of english premier league soccer playersFernando Farias
Body composition is a key consideration in the physical make-up of professional soccer players. The aims of the present
study were to determine whether the body composition of professional soccer players varied according to playing position,
international status or ethnicity, and to establish which variables best distinguished the soccer players from a reference group.
Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 64 male professional soccer players
High intensity warm ups elicit superior performance Fernando Farias
The benefits of an active warm-up (WU) have been
attributed to increases in muscle temperature, nerve
conductivity, and the speeding of metabolic reactions.1 Non-
temperature-related benefifis include an increased blood-flflw
to working muscles, elevated baseline oxygen consumption,
and the induction of a post-activation potentiation (PAP)
effect.
High chronic training loads and exposure to bouts of maximal velocity running...Fernando Farias
The ability to produce high speeds is considered an important
quality for performance, with athletes shown to achieve 85–94% of
maximal velocity during team sport match-play.3 Well-developed
high-speed running ability and maximal velocity are required of
players during competition in order to beat opposition players
to possession and gain an advantage in attacking and defensive
situations.
Cold water immersion alters muscle recruitment and balanceFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cold-water immersion on the electromyographic (EMG) response of
the lower limb and balance during unipodal jump landing. The evaluation comprised 40 individuals (20 basketball players
and 20 non-athletes). The EMG response in the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibular longus, rectus femoris,
hamstring and gluteus medius; amplitude and mean speed of the centre of pressure, flight time and ground reaction force
(GRF) were analysed. All volunteers remained for 20 min with their ankle immersed in cold-water, and were re-evaluated
immediately post and after 10, 20 and 30 min of reheating
Variation in body composition in professional soccer playersFernando Farias
The present study was the first to compare
body composition according to 6 positional roles. Results
showed that in midfielders, mean body fat and mass values in
players with a central and lateral role differed substantially.
This finding is noteworthy and suggests that when mean
body composition values are assessed across teams, data
should be interpreted according to individual positional role
and not to a traditional or basic division of 4 positional
groups including goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and
attackers.
Post exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signallingFernando Farias
these two studies offer new and
important insights into how cold water immersion during
recovery from strength exercise affects chronic training
adaptations and some of the molecular mechanisms that
underpin such adaptations. Cold water immersion delayed
or inhibited satellite cell activity and suppressed the
activation of p70S6K after acute strength exercise. These
effects may have been compounded over time to diminish
the expected increases in muscle mass and strength as a
result of training. The results of these studies challenge the
notion that cold water immersion improves recovery after
exercise. Individuals who use strength training to improve
athletic performance, recover from injury or maintain
their health should therefore reconsider whether to use
cold water immersion as an adjuvant to their training.
Evaluation of the match external load in soccerFernando Farias
In modern soccer training control and regulation is regarded as a relevant
methodological procedure to optimize training adaptations to maximize match performance 1-
3
. Training progress is the result of the interplay of external and internal loads imposed on
players during training sessions 2
. Although physiological adaptations are mediated by
internal load functional variation the doses necessary for obtaining them are practically seized
monitoring training external load 4
. The recent exponential advancement of match analysis
systems such as multi-camera and Global Position System Technology has enabled the
evaluation of player’s external load during specific training in elite and sub-elite competitive
and recreational soccer
The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuriesFernando Farias
Strength training reduced sports injuries to less
than one-third. We advocate that multiple exposure interven-
tions should be constructed on the basis of well-proven single
exposures and that further research into single exposures, par-
ticularly strength training, remains crucial. Both acute and
overuse injuries could be significantly reduced, overuse injuries
by almost a half.
Body composition of english premier league soccer playersFernando Farias
Body composition is a key consideration in the physical make-up of professional soccer players. The aims of the present
study were to determine whether the body composition of professional soccer players varied according to playing position,
international status or ethnicity, and to establish which variables best distinguished the soccer players from a reference group.
Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 64 male professional soccer players
High intensity warm ups elicit superior performance Fernando Farias
The benefits of an active warm-up (WU) have been
attributed to increases in muscle temperature, nerve
conductivity, and the speeding of metabolic reactions.1 Non-
temperature-related benefifis include an increased blood-flflw
to working muscles, elevated baseline oxygen consumption,
and the induction of a post-activation potentiation (PAP)
effect.
High chronic training loads and exposure to bouts of maximal velocity running...Fernando Farias
The ability to produce high speeds is considered an important
quality for performance, with athletes shown to achieve 85–94% of
maximal velocity during team sport match-play.3 Well-developed
high-speed running ability and maximal velocity are required of
players during competition in order to beat opposition players
to possession and gain an advantage in attacking and defensive
situations.
Cold water immersion alters muscle recruitment and balanceFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cold-water immersion on the electromyographic (EMG) response of
the lower limb and balance during unipodal jump landing. The evaluation comprised 40 individuals (20 basketball players
and 20 non-athletes). The EMG response in the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibular longus, rectus femoris,
hamstring and gluteus medius; amplitude and mean speed of the centre of pressure, flight time and ground reaction force
(GRF) were analysed. All volunteers remained for 20 min with their ankle immersed in cold-water, and were re-evaluated
immediately post and after 10, 20 and 30 min of reheating
Variation in body composition in professional soccer playersFernando Farias
The present study was the first to compare
body composition according to 6 positional roles. Results
showed that in midfielders, mean body fat and mass values in
players with a central and lateral role differed substantially.
This finding is noteworthy and suggests that when mean
body composition values are assessed across teams, data
should be interpreted according to individual positional role
and not to a traditional or basic division of 4 positional
groups including goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and
attackers.
Post exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signallingFernando Farias
these two studies offer new and
important insights into how cold water immersion during
recovery from strength exercise affects chronic training
adaptations and some of the molecular mechanisms that
underpin such adaptations. Cold water immersion delayed
or inhibited satellite cell activity and suppressed the
activation of p70S6K after acute strength exercise. These
effects may have been compounded over time to diminish
the expected increases in muscle mass and strength as a
result of training. The results of these studies challenge the
notion that cold water immersion improves recovery after
exercise. Individuals who use strength training to improve
athletic performance, recover from injury or maintain
their health should therefore reconsider whether to use
cold water immersion as an adjuvant to their training.
Hamstring injuries are among the most com-
mon non-contact injuries in sports. The Nordic hamstring
(NH) exercise has been shown to decrease risk by
increasing eccentric hamstring strength.
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown hamstring
strain injuries (HSIs) to have a high prevalence rate in many
sports, such as sprinting (11%; Lysholm & Wiklander, 1987),
Australian Rules Football (16–23%; Orchard, 2001; Orchard,
Marsden, Lord, & Garlick, 1997) and football (12–14%:
Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Hawkins, Hulse,
Wilkinson, Hodson, & Gibson, 2001). The epidemiology and
aetiology of HSI in football has received extensive attention in
the scientific literature (Ekstrand et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2004),
given the economic burden associated with professional
players missing training and competitive fixtures (Woods,
Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2002). b
Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer playersFernando Farias
Current findings might help individuals involved within the physical preparation of players (e.g. technical coaches, fitness coaches, and sport science staff) when developing training programs and training sessions in line with the playing positions, and with the levels of high speed running targeted to reach during specific training drills like sided-games.
Indeed, the closer to match-play situations regarding the rules with goals, goalkeepers, the larger pitch sizes and greater number of players involved, the higher sprinting speed running players would reach during sided-games. However, coaches are advised to add specific speed drills to sided-games in order to elicit a stimulus of high-speed running high enough to prepare players for competition.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Profess...Fernando Farias
To analyze the effects of two resistance training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs. 30% (VL30). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 years, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8) that followed a 6-week (18 sessions) velocity-based squat training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included: estimated one- repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests; countermovement jump (CMJ); 30-m sprint (T30); and Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).
Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annuallyFernando Farias
Muscle injuries are a substantial problem for pro-
fessional football players. They constitute more
than one-third of all time-loss injuries and cause
more than a quarter of the total injury absence in
high-level European professional football clubs.1
Hamstring injury is the most common injury
subtype, representing 12% of all injuries, and a
team with a 25 player-squad typically suffers about
5–6 hamstring injuries each season, equivalent to
more than 80 days involving football activities
(training or matches) lost due to injury.
Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forcesFernando Farias
The purposes of this study were to assess unilateral and bilateral vertical jump performance
characteristics, and to compare the vertical ground reaction force characteristics of the impulse and landing
phase of a vertical jump between the dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players.
Differences in strength and speed demands between 4v4 and 8v8 SSGFernando Farias
Small-sided games (SSGs) have been extensively used in training
footballers worldwide and have shown very good efficacy in
improving player performance (Hill-Haas, Dawson, Impellizzeri,
& Coutts, 2011). As an example, it has been shown that the
technical performance (Owen, Wong del, McKenna, & Dellal,
2011) and physical performance (Chaouachi et al., 2014; Dellal,
Varliette, Owen, Chirico, & Pialoux, 2012) of footballers can be
enhanced using SSG-based football training programmes.
In the last two decades, extensive research has been pub-
lished on physical and physiological response during SSGs in
football (for refs, see Halouani, Chtourou, Gabbett, Chaouachi,
& Chamari, 2014). It was found that the time-motion charac-
teristics of SSGs could vary greatly depending on certain
structural (e.g., pitch size, number of players, type and number
of goals) and rule (e.g., number of ball touches) constraints.
For example, it was observed that higher maximum speeds are
reached during SSGs played on bigger pitches (Casamichana &
Castellano, 2010). Furthermore, heart rate (HR) and lactate
concentrations were shown to be sensitive to structural and
rule changes in SSGs.
Hamstring strain prevention in elite soccer playersFernando Farias
Hamstring strains are among the most
common injury in sport and are most
often observed in sports that involve
sprinting, turning, and jumping
(8,38,63). The prevalence of hamstring
strains has been measured between 11
and 16% in studies of soccer, Australian
rules football, and cricket (92). This can
result in an average of 6 players per squad
suffering a hamstring injury (defined as
“preventing player participation in
a match”) each season in professional
soccer and Australian rules football
Nossos dados sugerem que um macrociclo com ênfase na capacidade técnica e tática foi capaz de promover aumentos no desempenho físico e tático de jovens jogadores de futebol em situações reais de disputa. Assim, a distribuição das cargas de treinamento utilizadas neste estudo, além de possibilitar uma formação mais específica e contextual, proporcionou um aumento da intensidade do jogo no final da temporada, variável diretamente relacionada ao resultado do jogo (17). Além disso, verificou-se que o protocolo de treinamento causou reduções nos marcadores de danos musculares, revelando um estímulo benéfico para o sistema muscular, o que pode contribuir para a prevenção de lesões por sobreentrenamento ao longo da temporada. Apesar da importância bem documentada da avaliação de parâmetros sangüíneos (ie, marcadores de dano) durante a prática de futebol (3, 4, 23, 29), verificamos que a redução relacionada foi associada com maior taxa de trabalho durante o jogo, Através de um treinamento técnico-tático de periodização, mostrando a importância do monitoramento desses parâmetros em longo prazo.
Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and IllnessFernando Farias
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the litera-
ture that has reported the monitoring of longitudinal
training load and fatigue and its relationship with injury
and illness. The current findings highlight disparity in the
terms used to define training load, fatigue, injury and ill-
ness, as well as a lack of investigation of fatigue and
training load interactions. Key stages of training and
competition where the athlete is at an increased risk of
injury/illness risk were identified. These included periods
of training load intensification, accumulation of training
load and acute change in load. Modifying training load
during these periods may help reduce the potential for
injury and illness.
Short inter-set rest blunts resistance exercise-inducedFernando Farias
Manipulating the rest-recovery interval between sets of resistance exercise may influence
training-induced muscle remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine the acute muscle
anabolic response to resistance exercise performed with short or long inter-set rest intervals.
In a study with a parallel-group design, 16 males completed four sets of bilateral leg-press and
knee-extension exercise at 75% of one-repetition maximum to momentary muscular failure,
followed by ingestion of 25 g of whey protein. Resistance exercise sets were interspersed by
1 min (n = 8) or 5 min of passive rest (n = 8). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 0, 4, 24
and 28 h postexercise during a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine to
determine myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling.
To examine the acute effects of generic (Running Drills, RD) and specific (Small-
Sided Games, SSG) Long Sprint Ability (LSA) drills on internal and external load of male
soccer-players. Methods: Fourteen academy-level soccer-players (mean±SD; age 17.6±0.61
years, height 1.81±0.63 m, body-mass 69.53±4.65 kg) performed four 30s LSA bouts for
maintenance (work:rest, 1:2) and production (1:5) with RD and SSG drills. Players’ external-
load was tracked with GPS technology (20Hz) and heart-rate (HR), blood-lactate
concentrations (BLc) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to characterize players’
internal-load. Individual peak BLc was assessed with a 30s all-out test on a non-motorized
treadmill (NMT). Results: Compared to SSGs the RDs had a greater effect on external-load
and BLc (large and small, respectively). During SSGs players covered more distance with
high-intensity decelerations (moderate-to-small). Muscular-RPE was higher (small-to-large)
in RD than in SSG. The production mode exerted a moderate effect on BLc while the
maintenance condition elicited higher cardiovascular effects (small-to-large). Conclusion:
The results of this study showed the superiority of generic over specific drills in inducing
LSA related physiological responses. In this regard production RD showed the higher post-
exercise BLc. Interestingly, individual peak blood-lactate responses were found after the
NMT 30s all-out test, suggesting this drill as a valid option to RD bouts. The practical
physiological diversity among the generic and specific LSA drills here considered, enable
fitness trainers to modulate prescription of RD and SSG drills for LSA according to training
schedule.
Effect of cold water immersion on skeletal muscle contractile properties in s...Fernando Farias
This study shows that repeated cold-water immersions (4
4 mins at 4-C) cause considerable alterations to muscle behavior. These alter-
ations signififiantly affect the state of muscles and their response capacity, partic-
ularly in relation to muscle stiffness and muscle contraction velocity.
Sprint running acceleration is a key feature of physical performance in team sports, and recent
literature shows that the ability to generate large magnitudes of horizontal ground reaction force
and mechanical effectiveness of force application are paramount. We tested the hypothesis that
very-heavy loaded sled sprint training would induce an improvement in horizontal force
production, via an increased effectiveness of application. Training-induced changes in sprint
performance and mechanical outputs were computed using a field method based on velocity-
time data, before and after an 8-week protocol (16 sessions of 10x20-m sprints). 16 male
amateur soccer players were assigned to either a very-heavy sled (80% body-mass sled load)
or a control group (unresisted sprints). The main outcome of this pilot study is that very-heavy
sled resisted sprint training, using much greater loads than traditionally recommended, clearly
increased maximal horizontal force production compared to standard unloaded sprint training
(effect size of 0.80 vs 0.20 for controls, unclear between-group difference) and mechanical
effectiveness (i.e. more horizontally applied force; effect size of 0.95 vs -0.11, moderate
between-group difference)
Acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to high intensity interval trai...Fernando Farias
Results from the present study quantify the effects of altering either the intensity of the
work or the recovery interval when performing interval sessions consisting of 60s of work and
60s of recovery for multiple repetitions. The information provided may aid those interested in
designing interval training sessions by providing ranges of values that could be expected for
individuals who possess moderate levels of cardiopulmonary fitness. Using a work intensity of
80% or 100% VGO2peak and a recovery intensity of 0% or 50% VGO2peak, subjects were able to
exercise within the ACSM recommended range for exercise intensity. Based upon the data it
would appear that a protocol such as the 80/0 may be appropriate for those individuals who
are just beginning a program or have little experience with interval-type activity. By contrast, a
100/50 protocol could not be completed by all of the subjects and therefore may be too intense
for some individuals.
Os resultados atuais indicaram que a ocorrência de lesões de isquiotibiais podem estar associadas a uma mudança hierárquica na distribuição da atividade metabólica dentro do complexo muscular do isquiotibial após o trabalho excêntrico em que o Semitendinoso provavelmente deveria tomar a parte principal, seguido pelo BÍceps Femural e Semimembranoso. Quando o BF aumenta sua contribuição e é ativado em uma extensão proporcionalmente maior, o risco de sofrer uma lesão do isquiotibial pode aumentar substancialmente.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...Fernando Farias
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
a literatura apresenta dados sugerindo
que o alongamento estático, realizado como componente do
aquecimento, pode diminuir o desempenho subsequente
para movimentos que exigem força máxima e potência
muscular, como em “sprints” simples, ou diminuindo
a capacidade de sua execução múltipla, em inglês
conhecida como “Repeated Sprint Ability” (RSA)
Hamstring injuries are among the most com-
mon non-contact injuries in sports. The Nordic hamstring
(NH) exercise has been shown to decrease risk by
increasing eccentric hamstring strength.
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown hamstring
strain injuries (HSIs) to have a high prevalence rate in many
sports, such as sprinting (11%; Lysholm & Wiklander, 1987),
Australian Rules Football (16–23%; Orchard, 2001; Orchard,
Marsden, Lord, & Garlick, 1997) and football (12–14%:
Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Hawkins, Hulse,
Wilkinson, Hodson, & Gibson, 2001). The epidemiology and
aetiology of HSI in football has received extensive attention in
the scientific literature (Ekstrand et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2004),
given the economic burden associated with professional
players missing training and competitive fixtures (Woods,
Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2002). b
Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer playersFernando Farias
Current findings might help individuals involved within the physical preparation of players (e.g. technical coaches, fitness coaches, and sport science staff) when developing training programs and training sessions in line with the playing positions, and with the levels of high speed running targeted to reach during specific training drills like sided-games.
Indeed, the closer to match-play situations regarding the rules with goals, goalkeepers, the larger pitch sizes and greater number of players involved, the higher sprinting speed running players would reach during sided-games. However, coaches are advised to add specific speed drills to sided-games in order to elicit a stimulus of high-speed running high enough to prepare players for competition.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Profess...Fernando Farias
To analyze the effects of two resistance training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs. 30% (VL30). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 years, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8) that followed a 6-week (18 sessions) velocity-based squat training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included: estimated one- repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests; countermovement jump (CMJ); 30-m sprint (T30); and Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).
Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annuallyFernando Farias
Muscle injuries are a substantial problem for pro-
fessional football players. They constitute more
than one-third of all time-loss injuries and cause
more than a quarter of the total injury absence in
high-level European professional football clubs.1
Hamstring injury is the most common injury
subtype, representing 12% of all injuries, and a
team with a 25 player-squad typically suffers about
5–6 hamstring injuries each season, equivalent to
more than 80 days involving football activities
(training or matches) lost due to injury.
Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forcesFernando Farias
The purposes of this study were to assess unilateral and bilateral vertical jump performance
characteristics, and to compare the vertical ground reaction force characteristics of the impulse and landing
phase of a vertical jump between the dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players.
Differences in strength and speed demands between 4v4 and 8v8 SSGFernando Farias
Small-sided games (SSGs) have been extensively used in training
footballers worldwide and have shown very good efficacy in
improving player performance (Hill-Haas, Dawson, Impellizzeri,
& Coutts, 2011). As an example, it has been shown that the
technical performance (Owen, Wong del, McKenna, & Dellal,
2011) and physical performance (Chaouachi et al., 2014; Dellal,
Varliette, Owen, Chirico, & Pialoux, 2012) of footballers can be
enhanced using SSG-based football training programmes.
In the last two decades, extensive research has been pub-
lished on physical and physiological response during SSGs in
football (for refs, see Halouani, Chtourou, Gabbett, Chaouachi,
& Chamari, 2014). It was found that the time-motion charac-
teristics of SSGs could vary greatly depending on certain
structural (e.g., pitch size, number of players, type and number
of goals) and rule (e.g., number of ball touches) constraints.
For example, it was observed that higher maximum speeds are
reached during SSGs played on bigger pitches (Casamichana &
Castellano, 2010). Furthermore, heart rate (HR) and lactate
concentrations were shown to be sensitive to structural and
rule changes in SSGs.
Hamstring strain prevention in elite soccer playersFernando Farias
Hamstring strains are among the most
common injury in sport and are most
often observed in sports that involve
sprinting, turning, and jumping
(8,38,63). The prevalence of hamstring
strains has been measured between 11
and 16% in studies of soccer, Australian
rules football, and cricket (92). This can
result in an average of 6 players per squad
suffering a hamstring injury (defined as
“preventing player participation in
a match”) each season in professional
soccer and Australian rules football
Nossos dados sugerem que um macrociclo com ênfase na capacidade técnica e tática foi capaz de promover aumentos no desempenho físico e tático de jovens jogadores de futebol em situações reais de disputa. Assim, a distribuição das cargas de treinamento utilizadas neste estudo, além de possibilitar uma formação mais específica e contextual, proporcionou um aumento da intensidade do jogo no final da temporada, variável diretamente relacionada ao resultado do jogo (17). Além disso, verificou-se que o protocolo de treinamento causou reduções nos marcadores de danos musculares, revelando um estímulo benéfico para o sistema muscular, o que pode contribuir para a prevenção de lesões por sobreentrenamento ao longo da temporada. Apesar da importância bem documentada da avaliação de parâmetros sangüíneos (ie, marcadores de dano) durante a prática de futebol (3, 4, 23, 29), verificamos que a redução relacionada foi associada com maior taxa de trabalho durante o jogo, Através de um treinamento técnico-tático de periodização, mostrando a importância do monitoramento desses parâmetros em longo prazo.
Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and IllnessFernando Farias
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the litera-
ture that has reported the monitoring of longitudinal
training load and fatigue and its relationship with injury
and illness. The current findings highlight disparity in the
terms used to define training load, fatigue, injury and ill-
ness, as well as a lack of investigation of fatigue and
training load interactions. Key stages of training and
competition where the athlete is at an increased risk of
injury/illness risk were identified. These included periods
of training load intensification, accumulation of training
load and acute change in load. Modifying training load
during these periods may help reduce the potential for
injury and illness.
Short inter-set rest blunts resistance exercise-inducedFernando Farias
Manipulating the rest-recovery interval between sets of resistance exercise may influence
training-induced muscle remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine the acute muscle
anabolic response to resistance exercise performed with short or long inter-set rest intervals.
In a study with a parallel-group design, 16 males completed four sets of bilateral leg-press and
knee-extension exercise at 75% of one-repetition maximum to momentary muscular failure,
followed by ingestion of 25 g of whey protein. Resistance exercise sets were interspersed by
1 min (n = 8) or 5 min of passive rest (n = 8). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 0, 4, 24
and 28 h postexercise during a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine to
determine myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling.
To examine the acute effects of generic (Running Drills, RD) and specific (Small-
Sided Games, SSG) Long Sprint Ability (LSA) drills on internal and external load of male
soccer-players. Methods: Fourteen academy-level soccer-players (mean±SD; age 17.6±0.61
years, height 1.81±0.63 m, body-mass 69.53±4.65 kg) performed four 30s LSA bouts for
maintenance (work:rest, 1:2) and production (1:5) with RD and SSG drills. Players’ external-
load was tracked with GPS technology (20Hz) and heart-rate (HR), blood-lactate
concentrations (BLc) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to characterize players’
internal-load. Individual peak BLc was assessed with a 30s all-out test on a non-motorized
treadmill (NMT). Results: Compared to SSGs the RDs had a greater effect on external-load
and BLc (large and small, respectively). During SSGs players covered more distance with
high-intensity decelerations (moderate-to-small). Muscular-RPE was higher (small-to-large)
in RD than in SSG. The production mode exerted a moderate effect on BLc while the
maintenance condition elicited higher cardiovascular effects (small-to-large). Conclusion:
The results of this study showed the superiority of generic over specific drills in inducing
LSA related physiological responses. In this regard production RD showed the higher post-
exercise BLc. Interestingly, individual peak blood-lactate responses were found after the
NMT 30s all-out test, suggesting this drill as a valid option to RD bouts. The practical
physiological diversity among the generic and specific LSA drills here considered, enable
fitness trainers to modulate prescription of RD and SSG drills for LSA according to training
schedule.
Effect of cold water immersion on skeletal muscle contractile properties in s...Fernando Farias
This study shows that repeated cold-water immersions (4
4 mins at 4-C) cause considerable alterations to muscle behavior. These alter-
ations signififiantly affect the state of muscles and their response capacity, partic-
ularly in relation to muscle stiffness and muscle contraction velocity.
Sprint running acceleration is a key feature of physical performance in team sports, and recent
literature shows that the ability to generate large magnitudes of horizontal ground reaction force
and mechanical effectiveness of force application are paramount. We tested the hypothesis that
very-heavy loaded sled sprint training would induce an improvement in horizontal force
production, via an increased effectiveness of application. Training-induced changes in sprint
performance and mechanical outputs were computed using a field method based on velocity-
time data, before and after an 8-week protocol (16 sessions of 10x20-m sprints). 16 male
amateur soccer players were assigned to either a very-heavy sled (80% body-mass sled load)
or a control group (unresisted sprints). The main outcome of this pilot study is that very-heavy
sled resisted sprint training, using much greater loads than traditionally recommended, clearly
increased maximal horizontal force production compared to standard unloaded sprint training
(effect size of 0.80 vs 0.20 for controls, unclear between-group difference) and mechanical
effectiveness (i.e. more horizontally applied force; effect size of 0.95 vs -0.11, moderate
between-group difference)
Acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to high intensity interval trai...Fernando Farias
Results from the present study quantify the effects of altering either the intensity of the
work or the recovery interval when performing interval sessions consisting of 60s of work and
60s of recovery for multiple repetitions. The information provided may aid those interested in
designing interval training sessions by providing ranges of values that could be expected for
individuals who possess moderate levels of cardiopulmonary fitness. Using a work intensity of
80% or 100% VGO2peak and a recovery intensity of 0% or 50% VGO2peak, subjects were able to
exercise within the ACSM recommended range for exercise intensity. Based upon the data it
would appear that a protocol such as the 80/0 may be appropriate for those individuals who
are just beginning a program or have little experience with interval-type activity. By contrast, a
100/50 protocol could not be completed by all of the subjects and therefore may be too intense
for some individuals.
Os resultados atuais indicaram que a ocorrência de lesões de isquiotibiais podem estar associadas a uma mudança hierárquica na distribuição da atividade metabólica dentro do complexo muscular do isquiotibial após o trabalho excêntrico em que o Semitendinoso provavelmente deveria tomar a parte principal, seguido pelo BÍceps Femural e Semimembranoso. Quando o BF aumenta sua contribuição e é ativado em uma extensão proporcionalmente maior, o risco de sofrer uma lesão do isquiotibial pode aumentar substancialmente.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...Fernando Farias
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
a literatura apresenta dados sugerindo
que o alongamento estático, realizado como componente do
aquecimento, pode diminuir o desempenho subsequente
para movimentos que exigem força máxima e potência
muscular, como em “sprints” simples, ou diminuindo
a capacidade de sua execução múltipla, em inglês
conhecida como “Repeated Sprint Ability” (RSA)
SPRINT SPEED IS RELATED TO
THE ABILITY TO DEPLETE LARGE
AMOUNTS OF HIGH-ENERGY
PHOSPHATES AT A FAST RATE.
TO SPRINT REPEATEDLY,
THE AEROBIC SYSTEM MUST
RESYNTHESIZE POLYMERASE
CHAIN REACTION, REMOVE
ACCUMULATED INTRACELLULAR
INORGANIC PHOSPHATE, AND
OXIDIZE LACTATE DURING REST
PERIODS. WHETHER THIS CAN
BE APPRECIABLY IMPROVED
VIA A HIGH V̇
O2MAX REMAINS
CONTROVERSIAL. HOWEVER, IT IS
LIKELY IMPROVED VIA ANAEROBIC
QUALITIES SUCH AS STRENGTH,
POWER, AND SPEED, ALONG
WITH THE ATHLETE’S VELOCITY
AT ONSET OF BLOOD LACTATE
ACCUMULATION. WHEN
REPORTING REPEAT SPRINT
ABILITY TEST RESULTS, TOTAL
OR MEAN TIME SHOULD BE USED.
Consideraciones sobre la manifestación y el desarrollo de la fuerza y la pot...Fernando Farias
La mejora de la fuerza muscular se ha atribuido tanto al aumento de la sección
transversal del músculo como a la coordinación neuromuscular. Típicamente,
para el aumento de la masa muscular se utilizan cargas medias (70-80% de
1RM), con las que se realiza el máximo o casi máximo número de repeticiones
por serie posible, mientras que la mejora de los factores neuromusculares se
asocia con la aplicación de cargas altas, iguales o superiores al 85% de 1RM. No
obstante, tanto los cambios estructurales como la activación y mejora de la
función neuromuscular parece que dependen también en gran medida de la
intención del sujeto en alcanzar la máxima producción de fuerza en la unidad de
tiempo en cada acción muscular, cualquiera que sea la carga que se utilice.
(González-Badillo y Serna, 2002, Behm y Sale, 1993). Por tanto, factores de tipo
dinámico y cinemático, como la fuerza y la velocidad relativas alcanzadas al
desplazar una carga, constituyen una parte importante del desarrollo y la
manifestación de la fuerza.
Periodização “Convencional” Transporta a noção de que não é possível manter a "forma" durante toda a época competitiva. Originando a procura de "picos de forma", com base nos efeitos retardados das cargas.
Con excepción del fútbol de alto nivel, en el que el refuerzo
de los equipos técnicos permite al entrenador contar con
el apoyo de un gran número de asistentes, expertos y
especialistas en sus respectivos campos, la mayoría de los
entrenadores y sus asistentes se enfrentan con frecuencia a
los mismos problemas:
– Cómo mantener o desarrollar las cualidades físicas de los
jugadores: cualidades fundamentales del rendimiento.
– Cómo reforzar el nivel técnico-táctico de su equipo:
cualidad esencial para apoyar eficazmente un proyecto
de juego y para asegurar un equilibrio permanente del
sistema de juego mediante la recuperación colectiva del
balón y su conservación y circulación eficaz, para optimizar
la definición.
O programa de estabilização central é indicado para várias lesões, dentre as quais podemos citar as lombalgias crônicas, as discopatias, as artroses, as alterações posturais importantes; preparação de atletas de alto nível; síndrome cruzada; processo traumático; e situação que levam desequilíbrio biomecânico da coluna lombar. Um atraso na resposta dos músculos do tronco para perturbação tem um grande potencial para provocar uma instabilidade central, com isso há um grande risco para lombalgia crônica, pois uma das causas de lombalgia é a instabilidade da coluna lombar (O’SULLIVAN, 2000).
Common Sports Injuries amongst the Elite Women Basketball Players of IndiaIOSR Journals
Abstract: An injury is a common phenomenon in the field of sports. Ranging from amateurs to the most
seasoned sports personalities, almost every one faces the brunt of an injury at some point in their sporting
careers. To gauge the effect and extent of these injuries, the members of the Indian women basketball team were
examined for common sports injuries. While they represent the country at various international tournaments
round the year, the results of the survey painted a very dismal picture.
The longevity of a sports person’s career depends critically on the severity of an injury. In some cases, severe
injuries have an intense impact immediately. While on the other hand, there are also instances when an injury is
ignored and remains untreated; this becomes worse and hinders the crucial functioning of a sports person on
the field. Irrespective of the case, it is essential that all such injuries be avoided at all levels of the sport for its
growth and development.
It is an endeavor by the research scholars to isolate the most common and frequently occurring injuries so that
the players, coaches, doctors and physiotherapists can concentrate and work on the preventive measures for
them. Key Words: Basketball, Prevention, Sports Injuries, Women
Some Mechanisms of the Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury among Male Sport Activities by
Kasbparast Mehdi in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Presentation by Dr Adnan Saithna, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City University, delivered at American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Annual Meeting 2020. This presentation reports that professional athletes are at higher risk of septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction than recreational athletes
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture With Generalized Joint Laxity Foll...Apollo Hospitals
THE function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is to
provide stability to the knee and minimize stress across the knee joint. It restrains excessive forward movement of the tibia in relation to the femur. It also limits rotational
movements of the knee. A hard twist or excessive pressure on the ACL can tear or rupture the ligament, resulting in high levels of short-term disability and extensive rehabilitation. The cost of treatment & rehabilitation of an ACL injured person is also phenomenal.
The Risk Factors that Affecting the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury i...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
The purpose of the present study was to determine of some risk factors influencing of non-contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in Soccer, basketball and Taekwondo players. If an athlete injured anterior cruciate ligament the most important thing is to identify factors that affect the injury. However, a growing research implicates hormonal, anatomical, environmental and neuromuscular factors that may predispose athletes to these injuries. For this research selected 510 athlete for assess ACL injury factors by two different methods
a. Questionnaire and
b. Interview that information collected among athletes who were play soccer, basketball and taekwondo.
Our results indicate 61.4% of ACL injury occurred in practice time and 38.6% of ACL injury was during competition. Also our finding showed that 69% mechanism of injury was non-contact, 4.7% via accident and 26.3% with unknown reason. Furthermore dynamic alignment at the time of the injury included: Knee-in & Toe- out 44%, Knee-out & Toe-in 22.5 and Hyperextension 11.1%.
The ACL prevents the femur from moving forward during weight bearing. It also helps to prevent rotation of the joint. Injury of the ACL most often occurs when an athlete is pivoting, decelerating suddenly or landing from a jump. The injury can also be caused by another player falling across the knee. ACL injuries are, probably, the most common devastating knee ligament injuries amongst sports persons. Usually these injuries are isolated, mainly in non-contact sports, but many often are a part of more complex ligamentous injuries. They occur more often in contact sports, such as soccer, basketball or taekwondo. In conclusion, our study produced strong evidence in support of a significant some factors influencing of ACL injury in Soccer, basketball and Taekwondo players.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojnh/fulltext/COJNH.000518.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on the Link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For More Articles on Medical Rehabilitation
Please click on the Link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/cojnh/
A universalidade das Regras do Jogo significa que o jogo é essencialmente o
mesmo em todas as partes do mundo e em todos os níveis. Bem como promover um
ambiente justo e seguro para a sua prática, as Regras também devem promover a
participação e a diversão.
O jogo deve ser jogado e arbitrado da mesma maneira em todos os campos de
futebol pelo mundo, desde a final da Copa do Mundo FIFA™ até um jogo em um
vilarejo remoto. No entanto, as características locais de cada país devem determinar
a duração da partida, quantas pessoas podem participar e como algumas atitudes
inapropriadas devem ser punidas.
Acute effect of different combined stretching methodsFernando Farias
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up,
on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height:
177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49
years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a
warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were
divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The
warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min
stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint
test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic
stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between
the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed
better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more
force for a faster execution.
A evidência apresentada sugere que a variação é um componente necessário do planejamento efetivo do treinamento. Apoiando essa perspectiva, outras pesquisas sugerem que a monotonia de treinamento elevado - que pode ser amplamente percebida como uma falta de variação20 - leva a uma maior incidência de síndromes de overtraining21, um mau desempenho e freqüência de infecções banais.22 Inversamente, as reduções na monotonia têm Tem sido associada a uma maior incidência de melhor desempenho pessoal 22, e os índices de monotonia têm sido defendidos como ferramentas benéficas de treinamento-regulação na elite rowing23 e no sprint24.
Capacidade manter as ações de jogo em alto
padrão de execução durante 90 minutos. É
muito importante no segundo tempo que é
onde ocorre o maior número de gols e
normalmente se decidem as partidas.
A literatura atual que mede os efeitos de SMR ainda está emergindo. Os resultados desta análise sugerem que o rolamento de espuma e a massagem com rolo podem ser intervenções eficazes para melhorar a ROM conjunta e o desempenho muscular pré e pós-exercício. No entanto, devido à heterogeneidade dos métodos entre os estudos, atualmente não há consenso sobre o ótimo programa SMR.
Melhorar ou até mesmo manter o desempenho atlético em jogadores de esportes de equipe competitivos durante o longo período da temporada é um dos maiores desafios para qualquer treinador comprometido. Tempo muito limitado está disponível entre as partidas semanais para introduzir sessões intensivas de treinamento de força e poder, com uma freqüência normal de 1-2 unidades por semana. Este fato estimula a busca de métodos de treinamento mais eficientes capazes de melhorar uma ampla variedade de habilidades funcionais, evitando ao mesmo tempo os efeitos de fadiga.
Actualmente la capacidad de repetir sprints es considerada fundamental en el rendimiento del fútbol por
parecerse al patrón de movimiento que se da en el mismo. De esta manera su entrenamiento resulta fundamental
en cualquier planificación. Así, se deben trabajar aquellos aspectos que la limitan para poder acceder a un mayor
rendimiento. Una vez conocido esto se debería elegir la forma en la que se quiere entrenar, teniendo para ello
métodos analíticos (interválico, intermitente) y contextualizados (espacios reducidos). Por último, se proponen
una series de variables de entrenamiento para el trabajo de repetir sprints, orientándolo no solo al aspecto físico,
sino también al técnico, táctico y psicológico, conformando, por tanto, un entrenamiento integrado en el fútbol.
Recovery in Soccer Part I – Post-Match Fatigue and Time Course of RecoveryFernando Farias
In elite soccer, players are frequently required to play consecutive matches
interspersed by 3 days and complete physical performance recovery may not
be achieved. Incomplete recovery might result in underperformance and in-
jury. During congested schedules, recovery strategies are therefore required
to alleviate post-match fatigue, regain performance faster and reduce the risk
of injury. This article is Part I of a subsequent companion review and deals
with post-match fatigue mechanisms and recovery kinetics of physical per-
formance (sprints, jumps, maximal strength and technical skills), cognitive,
subjective and biochemical markers.
Hip extension and Nordic hamstring exercise training both promote the elongation of
biceps femoris long head fascicles, and stimulate improvements in eccentric knee
flexor strength.
Hip extension training promotes more hypertrophy in the biceps femoris long head
and semimembranosus than the Nordic hamstring exercise, which preferentially
develops the semitendinosus and the short head of biceps femoris
No sentido de melhor esclarecer esta forma de operacionalizar o processo
de treino procuramos num primeiro momento sistematizar os aspectos
conceptometodológicos que a definem. Contudo, a “Periodização Táctica”
é uma concepção que se encontra pouco retratada na literatura e por isso,
deparamo-nos com escassas referências bibliográficas levando-nos a
reequacionar o teor deste trabalho. Neste seguimento, decidimos incidir
nos fundamentos conceptometodológicos que a definem, a partir de dados
empíricos do processo de treino-competição do treinador José Guilherme
Oliveira
. A escolha deste treinador deve-se ao facto de ser reconhecido pelo
professor Vítor Frade como um dos treinadores que operacionaliza o processo
de treino tendo em conta as premissas da “Periodização Táctica”.
The quadriceps femoris is traditionally described as a muscle group com-
posed of the rectus femoris and the three vasti. However, clinical experience
and investigations of anatomical specimens are not consistent with the text-
book description. We have found a second tensor-like muscle between the
vastus lateralis (VL) and the vastus intermedius (VI), hereafter named the
tensor VI (TVI). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this intervening
muscle was a variation of the VL or the VI, or a separate head of the exten-
sor apparatus. Twenty-six cadaveric lower limbs were investigated...
Eccentric training using external loads greater than the
relative concentric training intensity is a potent stimulus for
enhancements in muscle mechanical function, and MTU
morphological and architectural adaptations. The inclusion
of eccentric loads above maximal concentric strength is
therefore an avenue to induce novel training stimuli and
effect change in key determinants, and functional metrics,
of strength, power and speed performance. Strength
improvements are largely mode-specific and arise from a
combination of neural, morphological and architectural
adaptations [8]. Increased agonist volitional drive is posited
as the primary contributing factor to the marked increases
in eccentric strength observed following training [54].
Eccentric training improves concentric muscle power and
SSC performance to a greater extent than concentric or
traditional modalities
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
Akshay Ram on Adobe's Creative Strategy and Execution, the Present and Future...Neil Horowitz
On episode 271 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Akshay Ram, Product Manager for Adobe, who also has a lot of knowledge and insight into sports creative.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
Euro Cup fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform www.worldwideticketsandhospitality. Fans can book Spain Vs Croatia Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Mats André Zuccarello Aasen, commonly known as Mats Zuccarello, was born on September 1, 1987, in
Oslo, Norway. He grew up in the bustling neighborhood of Løren, where his passion for ice hockey began
at a young age. His mother, Anita Zuccarello, is of Italian descent, and his father, Glenn Aasen, is
Norwegian. This multicultural background played a significant role in shaping his identity and versatility
on and off the ice.
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Narrated Business Proposal for the Philadelphia Eaglescamrynascott12
Slide 1:
Welcome, and thank you for joining me today. We will explore a strategic proposal to enhance parking and traffic management at Lincoln Financial Field, aiming to improve the overall fan experience and operational efficiency. This comprehensive plan addresses existing challenges and leverages innovative solutions to create a smoother and more enjoyable experience for our fans.
Slide 2:
Picture this: It’s a crisp fall afternoon, driving towards Lincoln Financial Field. The atmosphere is electric—tailgaters grilling, fans in Eagles jerseys creating a sea of green and white. The air buzzes with camaraderie and anticipation. You park, join the throng, and make your way to your seat. The stadium roars as the Eagles take the field, sending chills down your spine. Each play is a thrilling dance of strategy and skill. This is what being an Eagles fan is all about—the joy, the pride, and the shared experience.
Slide 3:
But now, the day is marred by frustration. The excitement wanes as you struggle to find a parking spot. The congestion is overwhelming, and tempers flare. The delays mean you miss the pre-game excitement, the tailgate camaraderie, and even the opening kick-off. After the game, the joy of victory or the shared solace of defeat is overshadowed by the stress of navigating out of the parking lot. The gridlock, honking horns, and endless waiting drain the energy and joy from what should have been an unforgettable experience.
Our proposal aims to eliminate these frustrations, ensuring that from arrival to departure, your experience is extraordinary. Efficient parking and smooth traffic flow are key to maintaining the high spirits and excitement that make game days special.
Slide 4:
The Philadelphia Eagles are not just a premier NFL team; they are an integral part of the community, hosting games, concerts, and various events at Lincoln Financial Field. Our state-of-the-art stadium is designed to provide a world-class experience for every attendee. Whether it's the thrill of game day, the excitement of a live concert, or the camaraderie of community events, we pride ourselves on delivering a fan-first experience and maintaining operational excellence across all our activities. Our commitment to our fans and community is unwavering, and we continuously strive to enhance every aspect of their experience, ensuring they leave with unforgettable memories.
Slide 5:
Recent trends show an increasing demand for efficient event logistics. Our customer feedback has consistently highlighted frustrations with parking and traffic. Surveys indicate that a significant number of fans are dissatisfied with the current parking situation. Comparisons with other venues like Citizens Bank Park and Wells Fargo Center reveal that we lag in terms of parking efficiency and convenience. These insights underscore the urgent need for innovation to meet and exceed fan expectations.
Slide 6:
As we delve into the intricacies of our operations, one glaring issue emer
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2. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4
Thus, the current study was performed to investigate the
occurrence of injury in soccer players from a Brazilian pre-
mier league professional soccer team. Secondary aims were
to describe the mechanisms and specific injury patterns of
soccer players in order to enable the development of strate-
gies for injury prevention.
Materials and methods
Theoccurrence,site,andcauseofinjurieswereretrospectively
studied in 35 male Brazilian professional soccer players
from the same team. The squad was composed of three
goalkeepers, eight center backs, six wing-/fullbacks, eight
defensive midfielders, three attacking midfielders, and seven
strikers. The characteristics of the athletes are presented in
Table 1.
Data on occurrence, site, and cause of injuries related
to the 2009 season, particularly in the Brazilian soccer
premier league (played during April to December), were
retrospectively collected from medical records. In this period,
athletes played 38 official matches.The team had a physician
responsible for clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment
of injured athletes. This physician, who was present during
all training sessions and competitions, was responsible for
maintaining the medical records. Information about the injury
was noted, including the type, severity, and site of injury; the
time and mechanism of injury (traumatic or overuse); and
whether it happened during a match or training.
In this study, injury was defined as any physical damage
to the player due to soccer-related activity participation that
caused the player to miss at least one training session or
match. Illnesses, diseases, and mental complaints were not
considered physical complaints.
All experimental procedures were designed according
to the Helsinki Conference for research on human beings
and to the ethical standards in sports-and-exercise science
research.
Statistical analysis
A descriptive statistical analysis was performed (mean, stan-
dard deviation, and absolute and relative frequencies) using
GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA)
version 5.0 for Windows.
Results
In the period of study, 95 injuries were recorded: 42 (44.2%)
were recorded during matches, and 53 (55.8%) during the
training period. Data are presented as absolute frequency
(relative frequency).
Among the injuries that occurred, five (5.3%) injuries
occurred in goalkeepers (1.66 injuries/athlete), 15 (15.8%)
injuries occurred in center backs (1.87 injuries/athlete), eleven
(11.6%) injuries occurred in wing-/fullbacks (1.83 injuries/
athlete), 30 (31.6%) injuries occurred in defensive midfielders
(3.75 injuries/athlete), seven (7.3%) injuries occurred in
attacking midfielders (2.33 injuries/athlete), and 27 (28.4%)
injuries occurred in strikers (3.86 injuries/player).
Most injuries were tendinopathies (27 injuries [28.4%],
19 during training period and eight during matches), 17
(17.9%) were sprains (seven during training period and ten
during matches), 14 (14.7%) were muscle contractures (nine
during training period and five during matches), 13 (13.7%)
were myalgias (seven during training period and six during
matches), nine (9.4%) were muscular strains (two during
training period and seven during matches), eight (8.4%)
were acute diffuse pain (three during training period and five
during matches), two (2.1%) were periostitis (two during
training period and none during matches), one (1.1%) was
bursitis (during training period), one (1.1%) was a fracture
(during training period), one (1.1%) was synovitis (during
training period), and two (2.1%) were other injuries (one
during training period and one during matches). All injuries
occurred in the lower limb.
Finally, regarding the mechanism of injury, 23 (24.2%)
injuries occurred as a result of collisions with other athletes,
19 (20.0%) injuries as a result of twisting the knee with the
foot planted firmly on the ground, 15 (15.8%) as a result
of running activities, twelve (11.7%) as a result of kicking
activities, eight (8.4%) as a result of jumping activities, six
(6.3%) as a result of ball-crossing activities, five (5.2%) as a
result of an abrupt stop, four (4.2%) as a result of falls, two
(2.1%) as a result of lateral movements, one (1.1%) during
dribbling, and one (1.1%) during heading.
Discussion
Since injury in soccer represents a serious problem in terms
of health and performance for players and clubs, the purpose
of the present study was to describe briefly the number of
injuries in a Brazilian professional soccer team from the
Table 1 Subjects’ characteristics (n = 35)
Mean ± SD
Age (years) 25.7 ± 4.3
Body mass (kg) 79.3 ± 11.2
Body fat (%) 12.7 ± 3.5
Height (cm) 181.0 ± 7.0
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
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premier league.The results of this study suggest that injuries
are more prevalent during the training period and occurred
most frequently in midfielders and strikers. Collisions with
other athletes were referenced as the main mechanism of
injury. In addition, most of the injuries were tendinopathies
and sprains (ligamentous disruption).
Regarding the injury sites, lower limbs were involved
in all injuries described in this study. These findings have
been reported in previous studies.1,11
Indeed, injuries of the
lower limbs, in which the thigh, knee, and ankle are the
most commonly impaired sites,1,2,5–8
constitute 60%–85%
of all soccer injuries in both sexes. These findings are most
likely associated with improper use of protective equipment
during training, insufficient preseason preparation, sudden
movements without proper warm-up, or insufficient
knowledge of team members or type and volume of
exercise.7,12,13
Injury occurrence during the training period was greater
than during matches. There are two possible explanations
for this finding: (1) much more time is spent training than
playing in matches, or (2) the training regimen in soccer is
characterized by overexertion (this is reflective of a higher
emphasis on match-specific speed, power, and agility-
conditioning drills undertaken in the training sessions).
A closer look at injury mechanisms is required for further
investigations. Most of the studies did not distinguish between
contact and noncontact injury patterns. In the present study,
most injuries occurred as a result of collisions with other
athletes. This result is in line with previous studies.12,14
In
the study of mechanisms of injuries in the English Premier
League, the most frequent contacts that led to injury were the
results of being tackled, tackling, and being charged.5
In order
to reduce incidence and severity of contact injuries, more
intense enforcement of rules by referees9
and more emphasis
on proper usage of protective measures could be effective.3
By better planning of strength and proprioceptive exercises
and also improving performance techniques, the incidence
of noncontact injuries may be reduced.
Our results concerning the frequency of injuries in the
six player positions (goalkeepers, center backs, wing-/
fullbacks, defensive midfielders, attacking midfielders, and
strikers) are in accordance with previous studies,7,14
because
in this study, the highest number of injuries occurred in the
strikers and defensive players. This result may be explained
by considering the new style of soccer: strength, speed, and
especially directional changes at high acceleration predispose
both attack and defense players to injuries and increase the
possibility of collisions with opponents.
This study demonstrates that there is a need for greater
safety awareness in the training environment. A trained
sports physician was available for this team, but not all teams
have access to this level of medical support. In addition, an
understanding of the demands of training and the effects that
injuries have on players is essential for the identification of
injury-prevention strategies. Finally, further studies must be
conducted to clarify the relationship between injuries and
field conditions.
Acknowledgment
We are grateful to the directors of Grêmio Barueri Futebol
LTDA.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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