This document is a student's submission form and essay on the abuse of sporting supplements among adolescents. The submission form provides the student's name, ID number, course of study, year, lecturer name, and date of submission. The essay introduction states that the research aims to discover factors influencing adolescent use of legal supplements and illegal anabolic steroids, and to determine what percentage of youth consume supplements and their reasons for doing so. The literature review summarizes two articles on influences on adolescent supplement use and androgenic steroid use among male adolescents. The proposed method of investigation is a quantitative survey distributed to sports clubs and gym users at the University of Limerick to answer the research questions.
This document discusses a literature review on the impact of physical activity on medication dosage for patients taking antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications. Several studies are summarized that show physical activity can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and may decrease the need for medication. The PICOT question asks how daily physical activity compared to a sedentary lifestyle affects medication dosage over one year for patients currently prescribed these medications. The background provides evidence that exercise positively impacts mental health through neurotransmitter release and reducing harmful immune chemicals.
This study tested whether recalling a positive or negative past exercise experience could increase future exercise intentions and behavior. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to recall a positive exercise memory, a negative exercise memory, or no memory. They completed surveys about exercise attitudes, motivation, and intentions at two time points, with a one-week period in between. Students who recalled a positive exercise memory reported higher levels of exercise during that week than those in the control group, while those who recalled a negative memory reported intermediate levels. Activating a positive motivational memory had a significant effect on subsequent self-reported exercise, even after accounting for prior attitudes and motivation.
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Understanding the College Lifestyle_ A research proposal by Jeff HarmeyerJeff Harmeyer
The document summarizes several research studies that examined factors affecting stress levels in college students. One study found that females reported higher stress than males, and that stressors included academic demands and social adjustments to college life. Another study found over 90% of medical students reported experiencing stress, with common stressors being exams, academics, relationships, and finances. A third study found that higher aspiration levels, poorer study habits, and more study problems were correlated with higher reported academic stress in pre-university students. The studies suggest implementing wellness programs and counseling to help students better cope with stress.
Abstract
Go to
The motivation and habits of rock climbers were investigated using mixed methodology in order to better understand exercise participation. Forty-one patrons of a south eastern United States climbing gym completed a demographics form and adapted Sports Motivation Scale II (SMS-II), while thirty-six participants completed the Rock Climbing Motivation Survey (RCMS). Those with higher climbing frequency reported significantly higher levels of identified regulation than individuals who climbed less often (p=0.011). According to a thematic analysis, exercise balance and personal growth and challenges were the most commonly reported themes of motivation for rock climbing. The most frequently cited barriers were injury and time. Participants reported external motivators to climb upon initiation of the sport, but appeared to rely more on internal motivators to continue climbing. These findings, which are supported by current literature on physical activity, may be applicable to promoting exercise participation and maintenance.
This study examined the relationship between exercise levels and perceived stress in 112 college students. The students completed a survey assessing their gender, class standing, exercise habits, and perceived stress levels. The results showed that stress levels decreased as exercise duration increased from under 20 minutes to 40 minutes to an hour. However, students exercising over an hour had higher stress levels, possibly due to athletic training regimens. The study suggests moderate exercise may help reduce stress for college students and warrants further research into exercise types and amounts. It also found females reported higher stress than males on average and that stress varied by class year. This initial study provides ground for establishing an educational program on the mental health benefits of physical activity.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between a person's level of knowledge about bees and their attitude towards bees. The hypothesis is that those who are less knowledgeable about bees will be more likely to have a negative attitude. A quantitative survey experiment will be conducted where participants are either given an informational article about bees beforehand or not. The extent to which providing background knowledge influences self-reported attitudes will determine if knowledge level impacts perception of bees. The findings could help address harmful misconceptions that negatively impact endangered bee populations.
This document is a proposal for a study examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mental health status. It hypothesizes that people with higher BMI, classified as overweight or obese, may have higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than those with average weight. The study aims to investigate this association among students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. It will measure BMI and mental health status using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. The proposal provides background on related previous research and operational definitions of key terms to be used in the study.
This document discusses a literature review on the impact of physical activity on medication dosage for patients taking antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications. Several studies are summarized that show physical activity can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and may decrease the need for medication. The PICOT question asks how daily physical activity compared to a sedentary lifestyle affects medication dosage over one year for patients currently prescribed these medications. The background provides evidence that exercise positively impacts mental health through neurotransmitter release and reducing harmful immune chemicals.
This study tested whether recalling a positive or negative past exercise experience could increase future exercise intentions and behavior. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to recall a positive exercise memory, a negative exercise memory, or no memory. They completed surveys about exercise attitudes, motivation, and intentions at two time points, with a one-week period in between. Students who recalled a positive exercise memory reported higher levels of exercise during that week than those in the control group, while those who recalled a negative memory reported intermediate levels. Activating a positive motivational memory had a significant effect on subsequent self-reported exercise, even after accounting for prior attitudes and motivation.
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Understanding the College Lifestyle_ A research proposal by Jeff HarmeyerJeff Harmeyer
The document summarizes several research studies that examined factors affecting stress levels in college students. One study found that females reported higher stress than males, and that stressors included academic demands and social adjustments to college life. Another study found over 90% of medical students reported experiencing stress, with common stressors being exams, academics, relationships, and finances. A third study found that higher aspiration levels, poorer study habits, and more study problems were correlated with higher reported academic stress in pre-university students. The studies suggest implementing wellness programs and counseling to help students better cope with stress.
Abstract
Go to
The motivation and habits of rock climbers were investigated using mixed methodology in order to better understand exercise participation. Forty-one patrons of a south eastern United States climbing gym completed a demographics form and adapted Sports Motivation Scale II (SMS-II), while thirty-six participants completed the Rock Climbing Motivation Survey (RCMS). Those with higher climbing frequency reported significantly higher levels of identified regulation than individuals who climbed less often (p=0.011). According to a thematic analysis, exercise balance and personal growth and challenges were the most commonly reported themes of motivation for rock climbing. The most frequently cited barriers were injury and time. Participants reported external motivators to climb upon initiation of the sport, but appeared to rely more on internal motivators to continue climbing. These findings, which are supported by current literature on physical activity, may be applicable to promoting exercise participation and maintenance.
This study examined the relationship between exercise levels and perceived stress in 112 college students. The students completed a survey assessing their gender, class standing, exercise habits, and perceived stress levels. The results showed that stress levels decreased as exercise duration increased from under 20 minutes to 40 minutes to an hour. However, students exercising over an hour had higher stress levels, possibly due to athletic training regimens. The study suggests moderate exercise may help reduce stress for college students and warrants further research into exercise types and amounts. It also found females reported higher stress than males on average and that stress varied by class year. This initial study provides ground for establishing an educational program on the mental health benefits of physical activity.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between a person's level of knowledge about bees and their attitude towards bees. The hypothesis is that those who are less knowledgeable about bees will be more likely to have a negative attitude. A quantitative survey experiment will be conducted where participants are either given an informational article about bees beforehand or not. The extent to which providing background knowledge influences self-reported attitudes will determine if knowledge level impacts perception of bees. The findings could help address harmful misconceptions that negatively impact endangered bee populations.
This document is a proposal for a study examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mental health status. It hypothesizes that people with higher BMI, classified as overweight or obese, may have higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than those with average weight. The study aims to investigate this association among students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. It will measure BMI and mental health status using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. The proposal provides background on related previous research and operational definitions of key terms to be used in the study.
Este documento muestra fotos de varias celebridades famosas sin maquillaje, incluyendo a Miley Cyrus, Britney Spears, Lady Gaga, Lindsay Lohan, Jennifer Lopez y Cameron Diaz, para demostrar cómo el maquillaje y Photoshop pueden transformar drásticamente la apariencia de alguien.
120 students participated in a survey about body image consisting of questions on knowledge, physical activity, environment, and attitude. The majority were sophomores aged 21, with 76 living off-campus and 44 on-campus. Results showed that knowledge of nutrition and exercise recommendations was highest for grains and fruits/vegetables, and lowest for oils. 31.7% engaged in low-impact activity 8+ times a week, with 63.3% of off-campus students attending the gym more than on-campus (26.7%). Females and younger students relied more on friends/family for health info and had less knowledge. The study aims to determine the dominant factor influencing body image and support past findings
draft adult participation in excercise-3Oliver Oxby
This study examined barriers and motivations for exercise participation among adults in South Bradford. Questionnaires were given to two groups - a weight maintenance group and weight loss group. Barriers identified included lack of time, cost, lack of confidence in joining a gym, and associating exercise with boredom. The weight maintenance group exercised more minutes per week than the weight loss group, but the weight loss group exercised more times per week. Limitations included a small sample size focused only on clients of one company.
The document summarizes a journal article that examines college athletes' comfort levels with seeking behavioral health services. It finds that college athletes are less comfortable seeking mental health services compared to academic or athletic services. Division I athletes reported feeling significantly less comfortable than Division II or III athletes. The profile of the sport played did not significantly impact comfort levels. The study suggests addressing barriers related to mental health stigma, athletic culture, and service delivery to improve college athletes' willingness to seek needed behavioral health support.
This document summarizes Brian Senior's research proposal on how nutritional knowledge and education affect American obesity. The proposal examines two concepts: 1) nutritional education, which could be improved through nutrition classes in schools and providing healthy cafeteria options, and 2) the rising rates of obesity in America as measured by BMI. The proposal outlines a study that would qualitatively research the relationship between these concepts by observing nutrition promotion and student choices at schools in Buffalo, New York. Interviews with students and staff would provide idiographic explanations for how education may influence obesity trends.
This document provides an overview of a study on the market status of physical fitness gyms in Lopez, Quezon, Philippines. It introduces the topic of physical fitness and health, noting that some Filipinos experience heart attacks due to lack of exercise and an unbalanced diet. It outlines the study's objectives, research questions, assumptions, scope, significance, and definitions of key terms. The research questions focus on gathering profiles of respondents and gym instructors/owners, understanding exercise habits and perceptions of gym facilities. The study will use a descriptive research method with questionnaires distributed to gym customers to collect data on perceptions of gym services.
Factors contributing to obesity of students ages 9-17 and its lo.docxmydrynan
Factors contributing to obesity of students ages 9-17 and its long term effects
Introduction
Obesity has been an increasingly worldwide epidemic, that has brought many researchers to look at many factors that contribute to obesity and diabetes. What is obesity? Obesity is a condition of chronic nutrient overload. Many health problems such as diabetes are known to be linked to obesity. Obesity is affecting individuals worldwide and it is very crucial to bring forth awareness when trying to address such an issue. It is stated by the National Institutes of health that 1 in 6 American children between the ages of 2-19 are diagnosed as obese (National Institutes of Health, 2012). Aside from genetic factors, which an individual does not have so much control over, there are many lifestyle changes an individual can make to reduce their risk of becoming obese. One of the most important lifestyle changes that we do have control over is physical activity. Children need to be educated on the importance of daily physical activity at a young age in order to be able to understand how the body reacts when there is a lack of physical activity and its long term effect.
Another important factor that contributes to obesity is the amount of sugar that the body consumes. This has brought many researcher interest in determining how much of an influence it has on obesity. It is sometimes difficult for an individual to keep track of their daily sugar consumption. There are food regulations that are put into place whether it is in schools or on the market, to help and guide individuals into choosing the healthier choice of meals, however, these regulations do not always have a positive impact.
As a strategic planning committee we researched the factors contributing to obesity and its long term effects on students ages 9-17 and we will be making a recommendation on a position Health Maintenance Organizations should be taking due to our findings.
Research Question
What are the factors contributing to obesity of students ages 9-17 and its long term effect?
Methods
Resources Used
Our peer reviewed articles were found by using Google Scholar, PsycINFO and Csun OneSearch. In addition to the peer reviewed articles, we also used the National Institute of Health to further our research findings. We used these search engines to the best of our knowledge and by taking the course HSCI 391 it helped in the search for narrowing down to our main focus.The main focus was to locate articles that would suggest the factors contributing to obesity and its long term effect on preadolescent and adolescent children. The following keywords were used, “ obesity”, “sugar intake”, “regulations”, “physical activity”, “adolescence” and “long-term”. Our first method was going into Csun’s very own OneSearch tool to start our research process. One of the things we had trouble with was narrowing down the articles that had the full text available to us instead of just an abstract p ...
The document discusses research conducted on eating disorders in athletes. A survey assessed factors contributing to eating disorders and sports most focused on body weight. Focus groups asked about diagnostic criteria and prevention. Interviews revealed coaches and athletes should be educated young to prevent disorders. The data helped narrow the topic to how society influences disorders in athletes and that coaches and athletes are the key targets for education to decrease prevalence.
This document summarizes a research study that explored young adults' perspectives on using smartphone technology for weight loss through three focus groups. Key findings were that young adults have little knowledge about using smartphones for weight loss but are open to it with support. They struggle making healthy food choices when priorities outweigh exercise and need guidance. In conclusion, young adults would use smartphones for weight loss if provided feedback and guidance to make better decisions.
The document summarizes a proposed study that aims to investigate the relationship between perceived academic pressure and non-prescription stimulant use among college students. The study would use a survey to collect data on students' perceived academic pressure and frequency of non-prescription stimulant use. The hypothesis is that there is a positive correlation between perceived academic pressure and use of non-prescription stimulants. If validated, the findings could help universities better understand factors influencing illegal stimulant use and provide appropriate support for students.
Gender Difference in Response to Preventative Health Careiowafoodandfitness
Luther College Students prepared the following community assessments as part of their Psychology of Health and Illness class in the Fall Semester 2008.
Week 4Assignment 4a Annotated BibliographyInstructions You ne.docxhelzerpatrina
This document contains abstracts for 15 scholarly articles related to ethical issues in sports. The articles cover a wide range of topics including concussions in hockey, ethical decision making in sports medicine, performance enhancing drugs, and legal/ethical issues of social media and blogging for dietitians. Many of the articles discuss balancing the health and well-being of athletes with pressures to return them to play or maximize performance, as well as managing conflicts between various stakeholders in sports like teams, leagues, and medical professionals. The document appears to be providing source material for an annotated bibliography assignment on ethics in sports or a related topic.
Views Toward Nutrition and Healthful Eating Among MillennialsFood Insight
This report presents the results of six focus groups with Millennials about their nutrition knowledge and behavior. The main objective was to gain an understanding of Millennials’ current eating habits as well as their views toward nutrition and healthful eating in order to help them balance their food and drink consumption and activity. What influences Millennials' decisions about what to eat?
What are the barriers to more healthful eating patterns? From what sources do they receive information about nutrition and balancing caloric intake with physical activity? Whom do Millennials trust for nutrition information?
Installing preventive measures like signs, video surveillance, and safety barriers at known suicide hotspots can significantly reduce suicide attempts the following year according to a new study. The study found implementing such interventions reduced suicides by 66% when compared to the previous year's data.
Health officials are warning that hand sanitizer can be dangerous to young children as calls regarding children under 12 consuming hand sanitizer increased significantly between 2010-2013. Parents and teachers are advised to keep hand sanitizer out of children's reach.
A study found that the regular consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods is associated with poorer mental health among children according to analysis of California health surveys from 2007 and 2009.
April 24, 2012Choosing Pills over Bills Use of Dietary Supple.docxjewisonantone
April 24, 2012
Choosing Pills over Bills: Use of Dietary Supplements to Avoid Health Care Costs
Introduction
Over the past few decades, nutritional supplements have come into prominence as a widely accepted method to improve one’s health. Currently, a wide variety of supplements exist in an equally wide variety of forms and they are available to general public at relatively affordable prices. Collectively, supplements offer the chance to augment one’s diet and move towards complete nutrition, which is a critical feature of overall health. Although supplement usage appears to be a simple concept, it is, in fact, complex with multiple underlying dynamics including conflicting scientific research findings, differing insights from professionals, diverse consumer opinions, and underlying economic considerations. A particular factor existing in this spectrum is the possibility of supplement usage to replace the use of health care.
There has been a substantial amount of research conducted in regards to nutritional supplements. Overwhelmingly, published research regarding dietary supplements fall under distinct and recurring categories. These domains include: benefits of supplement use, dangers of supplement use, supplement use in the hospital or clinical settings, trends in supplement use, and consumer motivations for supplement use. As a whole, supplement research is extensive but not complete. Specifically, no research thus far has focused on the usage motivation question: do supplement consumers choose supplements to avoid the high costs of health care?
Research was conducted to answer the question above. Additional aspects of the research study were constructed to re-evaluate some statistics and confirmed motivations from previous research in order to secure this study in the context of existing literature. Supplementary results on related variables were also collected to determine if they were correlated to results of the primary research question. Research was conducted via a ten question survey on health supplement usage motivations and an interview with a certified sports nutritionist, Neena Mathur. The survey, the primary research method, was distributed to thirty pharmacy customers of Dick’s Pharmacy in Altoona, PA and to thirty biology students attending Penn State University, University Park campus. Pharmacy customers were selected as random clients of the pharmacy. Biology student were chosen from one section each of Biology 129 and Biology 473. The interview was conducted via electronic correspondence due to geographic distance from the interviewee. All findings were analyzed to answer the research question and its related factors.
Literature Review
In order to conduct my specific research to determine if supplement consumers choose supplement in order to avoid the high costs of health care, it was first necessary to explore the relevant existing information on supplements. This specific information consisted of scholarly literat.
Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use AmongCollege Student-AthletesAbramMartino96
Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use Among
College Student-Athletes∗
James N. Druckman, Northwestern University
Mauro Gilli, Northwestern University
Samara Klar, University of Arizona
Joshua Robison, Aahus University
Objective. Few issues in athletics today receive more attention than drug and alcohol usage, especially
when it comes to college athletics. We seek to address self-report biases related to drug usage and
heavy drinking. Methods. We employ an experimental measurement technique. Results. Our results
suggest that a greater percentage of student-athletes from a major conference knowingly engage in
these two behaviors than self-reports indicate. Specifically, we find 37 percent of respondents seem
to have taken banned performance-enhancing drugs (compared to 4.9 percent who directly admit
to doing so when asked), and 46 percent seem to have consumed more than five drinks in a week
(compared to about 3 percent who openly admit to doing so). Conclusions. We provide evidence for
the extent of self-underreporting when it comes to drug and alcohol usage among college athletes.
That said, future work is needed to accurately pinpoint specific substances and the frequency with
which they are taken; for example, it could be the percentage of individuals using banned substances
stems from consuming significant concentrations of caffeine (e.g., multiple cups of coffee).
Drug and alcohol use by college students is a frequently debated and often controversial
topic. This subject has received particular attention when it comes to student-athletes.
Evidence of the importance of assessing drug and alcohol usage among student-athletes
is exemplified by a 2012 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) report whose
“primary objective [was] to update NCAA policy makers with both current and historical
information concerning levels of drug and alcohol use by student-athletes within college
athletics” (2012: 4). In this article, we employ an experimental technique that allows us
to offer a more accurate assessment of usage than extant studies provide. We begin in the
next section with a literature review that leads us to an explication of our approach. We
then present results from our survey. Our evidence demonstrates that the commonly used
self-report method for estimating drug and alcohol use found in existing studies, including
in the aforementioned NCAA report, seem to understate usage.
The Challenge of Measuring Drug and Alcohol Usage
To our knowledge, there is surprisingly little written on drug use among college student-
athletes and, when it comes to student-athletes’ own input on this controversial issue,
∗Direct correspondence to James N. Druckman, Department of Political Science, Northwestern
University, Scott Hall, 601 University Place, Evanston, IL 60208 〈[email protected]〉. All
data and coding for replication purposes are available at James N. Druckman’s professional webpage
〈http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/�jnd260/publications. ...
Este documento muestra fotos de varias celebridades famosas sin maquillaje, incluyendo a Miley Cyrus, Britney Spears, Lady Gaga, Lindsay Lohan, Jennifer Lopez y Cameron Diaz, para demostrar cómo el maquillaje y Photoshop pueden transformar drásticamente la apariencia de alguien.
120 students participated in a survey about body image consisting of questions on knowledge, physical activity, environment, and attitude. The majority were sophomores aged 21, with 76 living off-campus and 44 on-campus. Results showed that knowledge of nutrition and exercise recommendations was highest for grains and fruits/vegetables, and lowest for oils. 31.7% engaged in low-impact activity 8+ times a week, with 63.3% of off-campus students attending the gym more than on-campus (26.7%). Females and younger students relied more on friends/family for health info and had less knowledge. The study aims to determine the dominant factor influencing body image and support past findings
draft adult participation in excercise-3Oliver Oxby
This study examined barriers and motivations for exercise participation among adults in South Bradford. Questionnaires were given to two groups - a weight maintenance group and weight loss group. Barriers identified included lack of time, cost, lack of confidence in joining a gym, and associating exercise with boredom. The weight maintenance group exercised more minutes per week than the weight loss group, but the weight loss group exercised more times per week. Limitations included a small sample size focused only on clients of one company.
The document summarizes a journal article that examines college athletes' comfort levels with seeking behavioral health services. It finds that college athletes are less comfortable seeking mental health services compared to academic or athletic services. Division I athletes reported feeling significantly less comfortable than Division II or III athletes. The profile of the sport played did not significantly impact comfort levels. The study suggests addressing barriers related to mental health stigma, athletic culture, and service delivery to improve college athletes' willingness to seek needed behavioral health support.
This document summarizes Brian Senior's research proposal on how nutritional knowledge and education affect American obesity. The proposal examines two concepts: 1) nutritional education, which could be improved through nutrition classes in schools and providing healthy cafeteria options, and 2) the rising rates of obesity in America as measured by BMI. The proposal outlines a study that would qualitatively research the relationship between these concepts by observing nutrition promotion and student choices at schools in Buffalo, New York. Interviews with students and staff would provide idiographic explanations for how education may influence obesity trends.
This document provides an overview of a study on the market status of physical fitness gyms in Lopez, Quezon, Philippines. It introduces the topic of physical fitness and health, noting that some Filipinos experience heart attacks due to lack of exercise and an unbalanced diet. It outlines the study's objectives, research questions, assumptions, scope, significance, and definitions of key terms. The research questions focus on gathering profiles of respondents and gym instructors/owners, understanding exercise habits and perceptions of gym facilities. The study will use a descriptive research method with questionnaires distributed to gym customers to collect data on perceptions of gym services.
Factors contributing to obesity of students ages 9-17 and its lo.docxmydrynan
Factors contributing to obesity of students ages 9-17 and its long term effects
Introduction
Obesity has been an increasingly worldwide epidemic, that has brought many researchers to look at many factors that contribute to obesity and diabetes. What is obesity? Obesity is a condition of chronic nutrient overload. Many health problems such as diabetes are known to be linked to obesity. Obesity is affecting individuals worldwide and it is very crucial to bring forth awareness when trying to address such an issue. It is stated by the National Institutes of health that 1 in 6 American children between the ages of 2-19 are diagnosed as obese (National Institutes of Health, 2012). Aside from genetic factors, which an individual does not have so much control over, there are many lifestyle changes an individual can make to reduce their risk of becoming obese. One of the most important lifestyle changes that we do have control over is physical activity. Children need to be educated on the importance of daily physical activity at a young age in order to be able to understand how the body reacts when there is a lack of physical activity and its long term effect.
Another important factor that contributes to obesity is the amount of sugar that the body consumes. This has brought many researcher interest in determining how much of an influence it has on obesity. It is sometimes difficult for an individual to keep track of their daily sugar consumption. There are food regulations that are put into place whether it is in schools or on the market, to help and guide individuals into choosing the healthier choice of meals, however, these regulations do not always have a positive impact.
As a strategic planning committee we researched the factors contributing to obesity and its long term effects on students ages 9-17 and we will be making a recommendation on a position Health Maintenance Organizations should be taking due to our findings.
Research Question
What are the factors contributing to obesity of students ages 9-17 and its long term effect?
Methods
Resources Used
Our peer reviewed articles were found by using Google Scholar, PsycINFO and Csun OneSearch. In addition to the peer reviewed articles, we also used the National Institute of Health to further our research findings. We used these search engines to the best of our knowledge and by taking the course HSCI 391 it helped in the search for narrowing down to our main focus.The main focus was to locate articles that would suggest the factors contributing to obesity and its long term effect on preadolescent and adolescent children. The following keywords were used, “ obesity”, “sugar intake”, “regulations”, “physical activity”, “adolescence” and “long-term”. Our first method was going into Csun’s very own OneSearch tool to start our research process. One of the things we had trouble with was narrowing down the articles that had the full text available to us instead of just an abstract p ...
The document discusses research conducted on eating disorders in athletes. A survey assessed factors contributing to eating disorders and sports most focused on body weight. Focus groups asked about diagnostic criteria and prevention. Interviews revealed coaches and athletes should be educated young to prevent disorders. The data helped narrow the topic to how society influences disorders in athletes and that coaches and athletes are the key targets for education to decrease prevalence.
This document summarizes a research study that explored young adults' perspectives on using smartphone technology for weight loss through three focus groups. Key findings were that young adults have little knowledge about using smartphones for weight loss but are open to it with support. They struggle making healthy food choices when priorities outweigh exercise and need guidance. In conclusion, young adults would use smartphones for weight loss if provided feedback and guidance to make better decisions.
The document summarizes a proposed study that aims to investigate the relationship between perceived academic pressure and non-prescription stimulant use among college students. The study would use a survey to collect data on students' perceived academic pressure and frequency of non-prescription stimulant use. The hypothesis is that there is a positive correlation between perceived academic pressure and use of non-prescription stimulants. If validated, the findings could help universities better understand factors influencing illegal stimulant use and provide appropriate support for students.
Gender Difference in Response to Preventative Health Careiowafoodandfitness
Luther College Students prepared the following community assessments as part of their Psychology of Health and Illness class in the Fall Semester 2008.
Week 4Assignment 4a Annotated BibliographyInstructions You ne.docxhelzerpatrina
This document contains abstracts for 15 scholarly articles related to ethical issues in sports. The articles cover a wide range of topics including concussions in hockey, ethical decision making in sports medicine, performance enhancing drugs, and legal/ethical issues of social media and blogging for dietitians. Many of the articles discuss balancing the health and well-being of athletes with pressures to return them to play or maximize performance, as well as managing conflicts between various stakeholders in sports like teams, leagues, and medical professionals. The document appears to be providing source material for an annotated bibliography assignment on ethics in sports or a related topic.
Views Toward Nutrition and Healthful Eating Among MillennialsFood Insight
This report presents the results of six focus groups with Millennials about their nutrition knowledge and behavior. The main objective was to gain an understanding of Millennials’ current eating habits as well as their views toward nutrition and healthful eating in order to help them balance their food and drink consumption and activity. What influences Millennials' decisions about what to eat?
What are the barriers to more healthful eating patterns? From what sources do they receive information about nutrition and balancing caloric intake with physical activity? Whom do Millennials trust for nutrition information?
Installing preventive measures like signs, video surveillance, and safety barriers at known suicide hotspots can significantly reduce suicide attempts the following year according to a new study. The study found implementing such interventions reduced suicides by 66% when compared to the previous year's data.
Health officials are warning that hand sanitizer can be dangerous to young children as calls regarding children under 12 consuming hand sanitizer increased significantly between 2010-2013. Parents and teachers are advised to keep hand sanitizer out of children's reach.
A study found that the regular consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods is associated with poorer mental health among children according to analysis of California health surveys from 2007 and 2009.
April 24, 2012Choosing Pills over Bills Use of Dietary Supple.docxjewisonantone
April 24, 2012
Choosing Pills over Bills: Use of Dietary Supplements to Avoid Health Care Costs
Introduction
Over the past few decades, nutritional supplements have come into prominence as a widely accepted method to improve one’s health. Currently, a wide variety of supplements exist in an equally wide variety of forms and they are available to general public at relatively affordable prices. Collectively, supplements offer the chance to augment one’s diet and move towards complete nutrition, which is a critical feature of overall health. Although supplement usage appears to be a simple concept, it is, in fact, complex with multiple underlying dynamics including conflicting scientific research findings, differing insights from professionals, diverse consumer opinions, and underlying economic considerations. A particular factor existing in this spectrum is the possibility of supplement usage to replace the use of health care.
There has been a substantial amount of research conducted in regards to nutritional supplements. Overwhelmingly, published research regarding dietary supplements fall under distinct and recurring categories. These domains include: benefits of supplement use, dangers of supplement use, supplement use in the hospital or clinical settings, trends in supplement use, and consumer motivations for supplement use. As a whole, supplement research is extensive but not complete. Specifically, no research thus far has focused on the usage motivation question: do supplement consumers choose supplements to avoid the high costs of health care?
Research was conducted to answer the question above. Additional aspects of the research study were constructed to re-evaluate some statistics and confirmed motivations from previous research in order to secure this study in the context of existing literature. Supplementary results on related variables were also collected to determine if they were correlated to results of the primary research question. Research was conducted via a ten question survey on health supplement usage motivations and an interview with a certified sports nutritionist, Neena Mathur. The survey, the primary research method, was distributed to thirty pharmacy customers of Dick’s Pharmacy in Altoona, PA and to thirty biology students attending Penn State University, University Park campus. Pharmacy customers were selected as random clients of the pharmacy. Biology student were chosen from one section each of Biology 129 and Biology 473. The interview was conducted via electronic correspondence due to geographic distance from the interviewee. All findings were analyzed to answer the research question and its related factors.
Literature Review
In order to conduct my specific research to determine if supplement consumers choose supplement in order to avoid the high costs of health care, it was first necessary to explore the relevant existing information on supplements. This specific information consisted of scholarly literat.
Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use AmongCollege Student-AthletesAbramMartino96
Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use Among
College Student-Athletes∗
James N. Druckman, Northwestern University
Mauro Gilli, Northwestern University
Samara Klar, University of Arizona
Joshua Robison, Aahus University
Objective. Few issues in athletics today receive more attention than drug and alcohol usage, especially
when it comes to college athletics. We seek to address self-report biases related to drug usage and
heavy drinking. Methods. We employ an experimental measurement technique. Results. Our results
suggest that a greater percentage of student-athletes from a major conference knowingly engage in
these two behaviors than self-reports indicate. Specifically, we find 37 percent of respondents seem
to have taken banned performance-enhancing drugs (compared to 4.9 percent who directly admit
to doing so when asked), and 46 percent seem to have consumed more than five drinks in a week
(compared to about 3 percent who openly admit to doing so). Conclusions. We provide evidence for
the extent of self-underreporting when it comes to drug and alcohol usage among college athletes.
That said, future work is needed to accurately pinpoint specific substances and the frequency with
which they are taken; for example, it could be the percentage of individuals using banned substances
stems from consuming significant concentrations of caffeine (e.g., multiple cups of coffee).
Drug and alcohol use by college students is a frequently debated and often controversial
topic. This subject has received particular attention when it comes to student-athletes.
Evidence of the importance of assessing drug and alcohol usage among student-athletes
is exemplified by a 2012 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) report whose
“primary objective [was] to update NCAA policy makers with both current and historical
information concerning levels of drug and alcohol use by student-athletes within college
athletics” (2012: 4). In this article, we employ an experimental technique that allows us
to offer a more accurate assessment of usage than extant studies provide. We begin in the
next section with a literature review that leads us to an explication of our approach. We
then present results from our survey. Our evidence demonstrates that the commonly used
self-report method for estimating drug and alcohol use found in existing studies, including
in the aforementioned NCAA report, seem to understate usage.
The Challenge of Measuring Drug and Alcohol Usage
To our knowledge, there is surprisingly little written on drug use among college student-
athletes and, when it comes to student-athletes’ own input on this controversial issue,
∗Direct correspondence to James N. Druckman, Department of Political Science, Northwestern
University, Scott Hall, 601 University Place, Evanston, IL 60208 〈[email protected]〉. All
data and coding for replication purposes are available at James N. Druckman’s professional webpage
〈http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/�jnd260/publications. ...
The document discusses several ethical issues that may arise when conducting research, including attributing quotes fairly, avoiding harming participants, obtaining informed consent, ensuring voluntary participation, and maintaining participant confidentiality and privacy. It provides examples of topics like interviewing students about physical activity and eating disorders that require careful consideration of these ethical principles. The document examines questions researchers should ask themselves regarding social benefits, potential harms, consent, and data handling when designing and carrying out a study.
Project Management
Yaumara Cano
Kaplan University
1
introduction
Clinical studies are purposed to help physicians and other interested parties to make health improvements on how issues are handles.
The United States currently faces a large number of health issues.
Obesity is among the common health issues that the country is facing, which requires intervention.
The country is currently the leading place with the largest number of people with this condition (Booth, Charlton, & Gulliford, 2016).
Obesity has been an issues of concern to many in the United States, mainly because the country is the leading nation in the world with the largest population of obese individuals.
The need to implement effectiveness and ensure that people regain their health is essential for the health industry of the country.
This presentation aims to present a research study on this issue and it provide recommendation of effective intervention measures that should be taken to address the issue.
2
Over view of the study
Obesity is currently affecting more than 37.9 percent of all the adults in the United States.
Annually, the government spends about 147 million dollars to address issues related to obesity only.
With this issue being extremely important, the study aims to obtain more information about the issue in the country.
The study then aims to use the findings that will be obtained to make recommendations of appropriate intervention strategies.
Statistical evidence clarify that obesity is a significant problem in the United States. Through this condition, more than 37.9 percent of the United States feel adverse negative effects, and are considered less healthy compared to other people.
This study has its main purpose being to make sure that effective strategies have been developed through which the issue will become less significant in terms of effect and money.
3
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
PICOT is a research explanation model which stands for people/population, intervention, comparison, outcome and time.
The population that is aimed to benefit from this study is both the young, the youths and the old who can obtain the condition of obesity (Mehta, Elo, Aromaa, & Koskinen, 2017).
The study facts and results are however based on data collected from people between the age of 20 and 30 years
The population under focus on this study is thus youths of between 20 and 30 years of age. This sample population was mainly chosen because it constitutes of the largest population of obese people in the country.
The study however aims at making sure that the identified research study respondents are randomly obtained from different areas and people living in different life styles.
4
Clinical question definition (PICOT)
Intervention that is intended for the patients is to provide recommendation that will help these patients manage to have their lives improved and recovering from the condition.
The study also aims to reduce the rate of pe.
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The Abuse Of Sporting Supplements Amongst Adolescents
1. ESSAY/ASSIGNMENT/PROJECT WORK
Submission Form
Student Name: Killian Vigna
Student ID Number: 10129758
Course of Study: Digital Media Design (LM113)
Year: 2nd
Lecturer Name: Amy Healy
Date of Submission: 22nd November 2011
I ________Killian Vigna________________declare that the attached
essay/project is entirely my own work, in my own words, and that all sources
used in researching it are fully acknowledged and all quotations properly
identified
ESSAYS, ASSIGNMENTS & PROJECTS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY WITHOUT A SIGNED SUBMISSION
FORM
2. The Abuse of Sporting Supplements
amongst Adolescents.
Introduction to Social Research.
So4063
Killian Vigna
(10129758)
3. Contents.
• Introduction.
• Rationale and Significance of Research.
• Research Question(s).
• Literature Review.
• Method of Investigation.
• Ethical Issues.
• Conclusion.
5. Introduction.
The topic I have chosen to research is;
“The Abuse of Sporting supplements amongst Adolescents”.
The aim of this research is to discover the different factors amongst Adolescents and
Supplemental abuse today, either Legal Sporting Supplements, or Androgenic
Anabolic Steroidal (AAS) abuse.
The reason being for this report, is to find out the Percentage of youths who consume
supplements into their diets, and their reasons being, whether it’s athletically related
(substituting for muscular strength gains and performance) or the more popularly
growing, cosmetic use, for a more masculine, muscular defined physique.
Rational and Significance of Research.
The reason being for my research, is to find out,
1.What the average percentage of Adolescents today induce sports nutrition and
supplements into their diets, as opposed to the au-natural sports athletes who choose
to eat cleanly, with real Carbohydrates and Proteins rather than synthetic, chemically
based supplements.
2.How many Gym users include supplements for personal gains in favour of training
for a sport, i.e. to build that muscular physique for a more defined, muscular
appearance?
6. 3.The crucial question of, how many of these athletes are willing to go as far as
challenging their bodies and going beyond extremes, by taking illegal substances for
that added “edge”, with the possibility of the short and/ or long term effects it can
have both physically and emotionally.
7. Research Question(s).
1.What is the average percentage of young people
inducing sporting supplements into their diets?
2.How many Adolescence athletes and/ or frequent Gym
users have admitted to taking Illegal Sports
Supplements?
3.What are the main reasons behind taking these
supplements from such a young age?
8. Literature Review.
1. Giving New Meaning To The Term "Taking One For The Team”: Influences
On The Use/Non-Use Of Dietary Supplements Among Adolescent Athletes.
In this article, the researchers main focus is “to assess intentions, attitudes, and beliefs
of 1737 adolescent athletes regarding dietary supplements”, as it is believed
Adolescence are where supplement companies focus most of their advertising on,
with such “Claims of increased energy, improved performance, and gains in muscular
strength” allowing them to reach a physical peak to that of their sporting idols.
To proceed with this study, the researchers made clear with each individual that, all
information must be clearly understood by each interviewee, to prevent being misled,
and that their study is completely voluntary, carried out with the consent of their
parents (as subjects we’re between 14-19 years of age), and they may discontinue
whenever they feel. With all of this taken into account, the researchers carried out
three main points;
“1) Attitude towards the behaviour - whether something seems good or bad to the
individual”.
“2) Subjective norms - the perception of what others in their life would think about
the individual performing the behaviour and their motivation to comply with that
perception”.
“3) Behavioural intention -- the decision made to either perform or not perform the
behaviour based on the weight of the first two tenets”.
9. Here we have the survey results based “ATTITUDES TOWARDS DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS” (a personal note);
1."Most athletes my age need dietary supplements to improve sports performance" -
17.7% Yes.
2."Taking dietary supplements would help all athletes do better in sports" - 27.4 Yes.
3."Taking dietary supplements is a safe way for athletes to improve sports
performance" - 32.7% Yes.
4."Taking dietary supplements is safe because they are tested by scientists” - 25.1%
Yes, 36% Unsure.
5."Taking dietary supplements give you more energy" - 41% Yes.
6."Taking dietary supplements is a safe way to improve strength" - 32.7% Yes.
7.“Taking dietary supplements is a good way to build muscle." - 44.8% Yes.
8.“Dietary supplements are safe because pro athletes take them" - 63% No.
9."Dietary supplements work because pro athletes take them" - 62.9% No.
Now they show the survey results based on “SUBJECTIVE NORMS” (What they
think their Coaches, Parents, Doctors and Teammates, would feel;
1."My coach would support my using dietary supplements to improve sports
performance" - 41.8% No Answer, 32.7% Yes, 25.4% No.
2.“My parents would support my using dietary supplements to improve sports
performance" 36% - Yes.
3."My doctor would support my using dietary supplements to improve sports
performance" - 25% Yes.
4."My teammates would support my using dietary supplements to improve sports
performance" - 45.9% Yes.
10. The final survey was based on “Behavioural Intentions”, meaning would they take
supplements they knew worked, or we’re given to them by an elder.
The results of this showed high percentages of teens agreeing they would take
supplements they knew worked, and how they are more inclined to take supplements off
of a coach or athlete, as opposed to their own parents for sporting benefits.
The reason behind this study is it was “one of the first to use theory as a framework in an
effort to determine underlying determinates of dietary supplement use among adolescent
athletes”. The results clearly show, that although Coaches specialise in managing a team,
they are not as nutritionally knowledgeable as some may think, however it is still the
Coach a young person will look up to, and if given supplements by them, they would
take them quicker than off a parent or teammate, regardless if they work or not, as
according to this article “Dietary supplements are not tested by any government
regulatory agency” and the only safety requirement, is only down to labelling.
2. Androgenic Anabolic drug use among male adolescents in Falkenburg
The aim of this article is to highlight the dangers and increasing misuse of steroidal
abuse amongst teenagers found through studies in Falkenburg. The “study was
undertaken to investigate the prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroid use among
teenagers in a small town and to create a platform for future work with the aim of
decreasing the misuse of these drugs.” The reason for including this survey, is, as
stated above, their research was not based on the intake of anabolic steroids by
athletes, but disturbingly by teenagers who wanted a better physical appearance, and
to appear more masculine.
11. This form of research was done through quantitative study, by means of “an
anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire distributed to high school students in
Falkenburg” with over 1,000 students between 14 and 19 filling out questionnaire
sheets. “The misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids was ascertained by the following
questions:
"Have you ever eaten doping pills with muscle-stimulating and anabolic effects?"
And
"Have you ever injected anabolic steroids?"
Both these questions were to be answered "yes" or "no."”.
Upon collecting back their data, it was revealed that over 52% of students knew
steroids could be accessed in their small town, and that “One in five boys knew of a
drug-misusing friend his own age”. Along with anabolic effects of the muscle, it was
reported most “were unaware of the adverse effects concerning, e.g. hair and skin
trouble” as well as temperamental issues. According to the questionnaire figures, 5%
of 15 year old males have taken hormonal boosting drugs, which “indicates that 350
boys of this age in the country of Holland use or have used steroid hormones”, “to
improve their appearance and handsomeness and perhaps also for their psychological
effects.”
The conclusion of this article is simply summed up that there will always be steroidal
abuse amongst adolescents as “Today boys want muscles to give them a "macho look"
because they think that girls like this” and likewise “girls display anorectic behaviour
because they think that boys like them to be thin”.
12. Method of Investigation.
There are several methods that could be encountered to find out what percentage
of Adolescents are taking Sports Supplements and/ or Anabolic Steroids for either
athletic reasoning or physical appearance.
Below are the 2 main types of Surveying a researcher may use;
1.Qualitative.
And
1.Quantitative.
Qualitative
Qualitative is of a more personal process revealing exact results, however, this can be
a very time consuming method, usually involving small groups of people over a short
period of time, or a large group of interviewee's, taken over a relatively larger time,
maybe a few weeks, months, or even years depending on the form of research, and
results looking to be attained.
Methods of a Qualitative study can involve such actions as;
1.Focus groups.
Introducing a group of people (usually around 10-20) to a discussion held by
researchers. The role of the surveyors is to throughout some topics of discussions, and
allow to the interviewee's converse on their personal thoughts and expressions. This
form of Study is less of an Interview, and more of an afternoon style talk, where the
focus group members can relax in a room, usually with some light refreshments and
13. openly talk about whatever the researchers will through at them, as opposed to
answering a question. Amongst the Surveyors there will be a scribe, whose job it is to
write and record everything said, and has taken place amongst the group before
heading off to analyse the results.
2.One-on-one interviewing.
One-on-one Interviewing is more formal, with an interviewer citing of a
questionnaire sheet to an individual who in response answers each question, as
opposed to the Focus Group method where individuals and express their opinions in
no controlled manner, the one-on-one interviewee must give straight forward answers
that will give approved results.
3.Telephone surveying.
Usually the most hated form of surveying amongst phone users, it is still very
affective, as just about every household in Ireland has a landline phone, and if not,
Almost every person has a mobile. The reason for its effectiveness being, Telephone
calls can be placed at random, therefore receiving a wide surface area of interviewee's
as opposed to restricting their surveying to one are. A researcher is able to progress on
their survey without having to meet the individual, therefore remaining
confidentiality.
Quantitative.
This form of researching is usually survey based. It's a faster method used to for
statistical results. Quantitative questionnaires are usually displayed as a set number of
questions, with multiple choice answers, such as “yes”, “no”, “maybe” and so on.
14. These forms of surveying are short and brief to allow the results to be published in
statistical form, and represented by means of bar and pie charts for example. This
allows for the researcher to visually see result variations, and allows them to segregate
into different categories for more defined results.
The Method of Investigation chosen for this research is:
Quantitative multiple choice question airing.
The reason being for this method, is due to the area's chosen to study (Anabolic
Steroids and other Sporting Supplements), the main ethical focus is Anonymity
amongst participants in sports teams throughout UL and other participants, therefore,
one-on-one Interviewing and Focus groups would prove difficult to find participants,
and if found, may result in the individuals holding back on certain questions. There is
also the aspect of, being as UL is such a highly acclaimed sporting college, it would
be interesting to try and survey as many people as possible, as opposed to restricting
to just the University Arena Gym users.
To progress this research, there will be enough Multiple choice questionnaires printed
up, with about 10 questions of the same on each, and handed out to every University
of Limerick sports club, plus a further couple of hundred to be handed out at the
University Arena desk by designated researchers as opposed to staff (this makes it less
personal receiving a questionnaire from someone you have never seen, than one you
meet every time you enter the gym) to regular users on a specific week between
opening and closing hours.
15. Willing participants will be asked to go home, and carefully answer as truthfully as
possible, all questions stated (bearing in mind, this is completely voluntary, and if one
wishes not to continue, may hand their survey back on the designated date listed) and
return when stated to where they received it from (again, this will be another surveyor
to keep it imp-personal).
The final results acquired by each participant will be carefully calculated up, and
transferred into SPSS where diagrams and charts can be obtained to compare and
contrast participant’s use of sport supplements visually, and in a presentational format.
The use of SPSS allows researchers to obtain results from several different research
questions, see which sex is more dominant in the use of supplements, what age group
amongst adolescents is most inclined to indulge in steroids, and finally, whether there
is a higher use of drug and/ or supplement abuse amongst athletes, or physical trainers
(individuals training for appearance over sport) and which is consumed more, legal, or
illegal substances.
For this Research paper, SPSS allows for the answering of the three main Research
Questions listed at the start;
1.What is the average percentage of young people inducing sporting supplements into
their diets?
2.How many Adolescence athletes and/ or frequent Gym users have admitted to
taking Illegal Sports Supplements?
3.What are the main reasons behind taking these supplements from such a young age?
16. In forms of Graphs and Pie charts to really highlight the main concerns between
taking legal sporting supplements, too going beyond limits and inducing illegal
anabolic supplements.
Conclusion.
Due to the fact, this research will not be going ahead, there is no real conclusive
evaluation to be shown, based on this quantitative survey in UL. Had this had
gone ahead, there would be an open door to access the real truth about legal and
illegal sports supplements induced by not only Athletes, but by frequent gym users
too amongst the University of Limerick, and other Irish Colleges. As there is so
much controversy now a-days of the intake of banned substances, and regular
drug testing from such a young age, this survey will be one of the first amongst
Irish Universities and Colleges to show the real percentages of users, and from
what ages substance abuse, or excessive supplement intake can start from for not
only athletic gains, but the split survey of non-athletic gains, but the increase of
substance intake for appearances alone, due to mass media pressure to look good!
17. Ethical Issues.
The Ethical issues of this research will take these following titles into account.
1.Informed consent.
2.Anonymity
3.Harm
Informed Consent;
The research subjects participating in this quantitative study will be highly informed
that the multiple choice questionnaire they are participating in is 100% voluntarily,
and under no circumstances should they feel in anyway obliged to continue/ finish off
their survey at hand. The participants may discontinue the survey whenever they
please.
Anonymity;
As stated under the Questionnaire title placed at the top of the survey, all rights of
Confidentiality are remained under strict order due to the researchers' aims of Sport's
Supplement and Anabolic Steroidal abuse. Participants will be asked to enter an age
group they fall into, a sporting activity (if any) they take place in, and several other
impersonal questions, however, it would be of a strict breach of ethical rules for any
user to enter any personal details (names, addresses, etc.) that may give away their
identification.
18. Harm;
Being as this research aims to discover the percentage of UL students engaging in
supplemental and/ or steroidal abuse, the research team will be in conjunction with the
University of Limericks Counselling and Chaplaincy aids for any participants who
feel they might need help, or simply someone to talk to in confidence about whatever
problems may arise.
19. Bibliography.
1.Perko, M. Bartee, R. Dunn, M. Wang, M. & Eddy, J.M. (2000) Giving New
Meaning to the Term “Taking
One for the Team:” Influences on the use/non-use of dietary supplements among
adolescent athletes.
American Journal of Health Studies, 16, 2, 99-106
2.Nilsson, S. (1995). Androgenic anabolic steroid use among male adolescents in
Falkenburg. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY. 48 (1), 9-11.
3.Tian H, Ong W S, Tan C L
http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=96522
Body image and attitudes toward male roles in anabolic androgenic steroid
users
Gen kanayama
20. Appendices.
“The Abuse of Sporting supplements amongst
Adolescents”.
Questionnaire.
Attention: This Is a Social Research Survey Carried Out To Investigate The Use
of Sport's Supplements And Other Such Banned Substances Amongst Young
Irish Athletes, And Frequent Gym Users Today. This Research Respects All
Participants Rights To Privacy, And Therefore JUST The Questions Below Must
Be Answered, With No Further Information Of Personal Details Included.
As This Research Is 100% Voluntary, You Reserve The Right To Discontinue At
Anytime, And Hand Up The Questionnaire Unfinished.
If Under 18, Or Over 22, Please Refrain From Continuing The Questionnaire,
And Return To Place Of Collection On Due Date.
1.Are you a University of Limerick Undergraduate?
Yes.
No.
2.Please select an age group that best represents you.
18-20.
20-22.
3.Do you play for a UL Club and/ or Team?
Yes.
No.
21. 4.If yes, please list the University Sport and/ or Club involved with.
.
5.Are you a frequent Gym user?
Yes.
No.
6.How many times a week do you engage in exercise?
1-2 times.
3-4 times.
5-7 times.
7.Do you use the University Arena/ Boathouse?
Yes.
No.
8.Do you take legal sporting supplements? (Protein, Energy Drinks/ Bars, Creatine,
BCAA's, etc. . .)
Yes.
No.
Sometimes.
9.Have you ever taken Anabolic Steroids, Hormone Boosters, or equivalent?
Yes.
No.
Sometimes.
10.From what age did you begin taking legal Sport's Supplements (Insert “N/A” if
never)?
.
22. 11.From what age did you begin taking Anabolic Steroids, Hormone Boosters, or
equivalent?
.
12.Would you ever take any banned substances if you felt it would increase your
athletic ability?
Yes.
No.
Maybe.
13.Would you ever take Anabolic Steroids, Hormonal Boosters or equivalent to speed
up recovery from a bad injury?
Yes.
No.
Maybe.
14.Would you ever take any banned substances if you felt it would produce a more
muscular appearance?
Yes.
No.
Maybe.
15. How many, and what supplements, would you take a day?
.
Thank You For Your Participation Of This Survey, Please Remember To Return
To One Of The Designated Researchers On Week 12 Of College To Where You
First Received You're Questionnaire.
23. FACULTY OF ARTS, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE
CHECKLIST
All applicants must fill in this checklist. If you answer “No” to all the questions,
please then fill in the application form. If you answer “Yes” to any of these questions,
you must also fill in the Advanced Ethics Application Form (Appendix C) which is
specifically designed with social research methodologies in mind. All applications
must be accompanied by an Information Sheet and Consent Form (Appendices A+B)
1.Does this application involve research with:
a.People under the age of 18 Yes No
b.People with psychological impairments Yes No
c.People under the control or influence of others (eg, people
in care, prisoners) Yes No
d.People with learning difficulties Yes No
e.Relatives or parents of sick people Yes No
f.People who only have a basic knowledge of English Yes No
g.Students with whom the researcher has a teaching or
supervisory relationship Yes
No
2.Does this application deal with:
a.Personally sensitive issues, such as suicide,
bereavement, gender identity, sexuality,
fertility, abortion, gambling, financial arrangements Yes No
b.Illegal activities, illicit drug taking substance abuse,
engaging in criminal behaviour Yes No
c.Any act that might diminish self-respect or cause
shame, embarrassment or regret? Yes No
d.Research into politically sensitive and/or racially/ethically
and/or commercially sensitive areas? Yes No
e.Issues which might otherwise give rise to a risk of loss
of employment for the participant? Yes No
3.Does the proposed research procedures involve:
a.Use of personal records without consent Yes No
b.Deception of participants or use of placebos Yes No
c.The offer of inducements to participate Yes No
d.Audio or visual recording without consent Yes No
e.Invasive physical interventions or treatment Yes No
f.Research that might put researchers or participants
at substantial risk? Yes No
g.Storage of data for less than 7 years? Yes No
h.Revealing the identity of participants? Yes No
i.Dealing with topics, using methodologies, or reporting
24. of findings in a way that is likely to cause pain,
Discomfort, embarrassment, or changes of lifestyle
for the participant? Yes No
25. FACULTY OF ARTS, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE
APPLICATION FORM
All applicants must complete this form and include an information sheet and consent
form with their application. If you have ticked “yes” to any question on the checklist,
please complete this form and the “Advanced Ethics Application Form”.
For Office Use Only: Application No.: ____________
Applicant Details:
Name: Killian Vigna.
ID Number: 10129758.
E-mail Address: 10129758@studentmail.ul.ie
Department/Programme of Study: Digital Media Design (LM113).
Type of Project (FYP/MA/PhD/Faculty): Research Design.
Funding Body (where appropriate): N/A.
Project: The Abuse of Sporting Supplements amongst Adolescents.
Supervisor/Other Investigators:
Signature of Applicant ____________________________ Date
Signature of Supervisor/HoD _______________________ Date
26. FACULTY OF ARTS, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE
APPENDIX B – CONSENT FORM
Consent Section:
I, the undersigned, declare that I am willing to take part in research for the project
entitled “Name of Research Project”.
•I declare that I have been fully briefed on the nature of this study and my role in it
and have been given the opportunity to ask questions before agreeing to participate.
•The nature of my participation has been explained to me and I have full knowledge
of how the information collected will be used.
•I am also aware that my participation in this study may be recorded (video/audio)
and I agree to this. However, should I feel uncomfortable at any time I can request
that the recording equipment be switched off. I am entitled to copies of all recordings
made and am fully informed as to what will happen to these recordings once the study
is completed
•I fully understand that there is no obligation on me to participate in this study
•I fully understand that I am free to withdraw my participation at any time without
having to explain or give a reason
•I am also entitled to full confidentiality in terms of my participation and personal
details
______________________________________ __________________________
Signature of participant Date