LINUX:Control statements in shell programming
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The document discusses control statements in shell programming including if/then/else statements, test commands, and case statements. If statements allow running commands conditionally based on the success or failure of a conditional command. Test commands return exit statuses to check conditions like string equality, numerical comparisons, and empty/non-empty strings. Case statements provide multi-branch functionality to run different command blocks based on pattern matches.
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Operator & control statements in C are used to perform operations and control program flow. Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %) are used for mathematical calculations on integers and floating-point numbers. Relational operators (<, <=, >, >=, ==, !=) compare two operands. Logical operators (&&, ||, !) combine conditions. Control statements like if-else, switch, while, for, break, continue and goto alter program execution based on conditions.
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- 4. • If the specified <conditional_command> is executed successfully then the commands in between then and else will be executed. • Otherwise if the specified <conditional_command>is not executed successfully then the commands in between else and fi will be executed.
- 5. Test command • This command is used to test the validity of its arguments . And mostly this command is used in conditional _commands. • This test command returns an exit status 0 if test succeeds and 1 false if the test fails. General format is, Test expression String comparision : general format is , test operation Where the operation can be, String 1=string2 - compares two strings ; returns true if both are equal else return false String1!=string2 - compares two strings; strings ; returns true if both are equal else return false -z string - checks whether the specified string is of zero or not, returns true if the string is null, else return false -n string - checks whether the specified string is of zero or not,returns true if the string is null,else return false
- 6. Numerical comparision operations meaning -eq Returns true if number1 is equal to number2..else false. -ne Returns true if number1 is not equal to number2 else returns false. -gt Returns true if number1 is greater than number2 else returns false. -lt Returns true if number1 is less than number2 else returns false. -ge Returns true if number1 is less than number2 else returns false. -le Returns true if number1 is less than or equal to number2 else returns false. General format is, Test number1 operator number2
- 7. Case statement This is a multi- branch control statement. General format is, Case value is, Pattern1) <commands>;; Pattern2)<commands>;; .. patternN)<commands>;; Esac
- 8. • This statement compares the value to the patterns from the top to bottom , and performs the commands associated with the matching pattern. • The commands for each pattern must be terminated by double semicolon.