The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C including if, if-else, nested if-else, if-else ladder, switch, and goto statements. It provides the syntax and explains the logic and flow of each statement. The if statement executes code if a condition is true. The if-else statement executes one block if true and another if false. Nested if-else tests multiple conditions in sequence. The if-else ladder tests conditions from top to bottom. Switch compares a value to multiple cases and executes the matching block. Goto unconditionally transfers control to a labeled statement.

1. Conditional Statement in
C
S.Muthuganesh M.Sc.,B.Ed

2. if
• The simplest form of the control statement is the If statement. It is very
frequently used in decision making and allowing the flow of program execution.
• Syntax
if(condition)
{
If body code
}

4. if...else statement
• The if...else statement executes some code if the test expression is true (nonzero)
and some other code if the test expression is false (0).

6. • If test expression is true, codes inside the body of if statement is
executed and, codes inside the body of else statement is skipped.
• If test expression is false, codes inside the body of else statement is
executed and, codes inside the body of if statement is skipped.

7. Nested if..else statement
• One block of code will only be executed if two conditions are true.
• Condition 1 is tested first and then condition 2 is tested. The second if condition
is nested in the first.
• The second if condition is tested only when the first condition is true else the
program flow will skip to the corresponding else statement

9. if else ladder statement
• First of all condition_expression_1 is tested and if it is true then statement1 will
be executed and control comes out of whole if else ladder.
• If condition_expression_1 is false then only condition_expression_2 is tested.
Control will keep on flowing downward, If none of the conditional expression is
true.
• The last else is the default block of code which will gets executed if none of the
conditional expression is true

10. if(condition_expression_1)
{
statement1;
}
else if (condition_expression_2)
{
statement2;
}
else if (condition_expression_3)
{
statement3;
}
else
{
default statemnet;
}

12. Switch
• Switch statement is a control statement that allows us to choose only one choice
among the many given choices.
• The switch statement tests the value of given variable (expression) against list of
case values and when match is found, a block statement associated with that
case is executed.
• If there is no match, then default block is executed (If present)

13. The following rules apply to
a switch statement −
• The expression used in a switch statement must have an integral or enumerated type,
or be of a class type in which the class has a single conversion function to an integral or
enumerated type.
• You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is followed by
the value to be compared to and a colon(:).
• The constant-expression for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the
switch, and it must be a constant or a literal.
• When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following that
case will execute until a break statement is reached.
• When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of control
jumps to the next line following the switch statement.
• Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control
will fall through to subsequent cases until a break is reached.
• A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the end of
the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when none of the cases
is true. No break is needed in the default case.

14. switch(expression)
{
case value 1:
block-1;
break;
case value 2:
block-2;
break;
case value 3:
block-3;
break;
case value 4:
block-4;
break;
default:
default-block;
break;
}

16. goto
• In C goto statement to branch unconditionally from one point to another in a
program.
• A label is name, any valid variable name, and must be followed by colon(:).
• A label is placed immediately before the statement where the control is to be
transferred.
goto label;
label:
Statements;