A command is normally entered in a line by typing from the keyboard.
Commands , options and command arguments must be seperated by white space or tabs.
This document discusses several Linux commands used for process management and file manipulation. It describes the dd command which copies and converts files between formats. It also covers the expand, nl, tac, tail, ps, kill, nohup, and batch commands. The ps command displays running processes. Kill terminates processes, including background ones, using their process ID (PID). Nohup runs processes in the background even after logging out. And batch executes commands when the CPU is free.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections:
1. General purpose utilities such as date, echo, printf, calculator applications
2. Linux file system structure and commands for viewing file attributes, permissions, ownership
3. Commands for file handling, concatenation, pagination and comparing files
we need to have a good amount of basic or in-depth knowledge on Linux Basics. This will help one's job easy in resolving the issues and supporting the projects.
Are you a system admin or database admin? Or working on any other technology which is deployed or implemented on linux/UNIX machines? Then you should be good with Linux basic concepts and commands. We will cover this section very clearly.
The document provides syntax and descriptions for various Linux commands including bc, cal, cat, cd, cp, date, echo, grep, id, last, lastlog, ls, man, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sort, shutdown, who, whois, more, less, clear, cmp, wc, whoami, head, and tail. It explains what each command is used for and provides the basic syntax.
The document provides syntax and descriptions for various Linux commands including bc, cal, cat, cd, cp, date, echo, grep, id, last, lastlog, ls, man, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sort, shutdown, who, whois, more, less, clear, cmp, wc, whoami, head, and tail. It explains what each command is used for and provides the basic syntax.
The document provides descriptions of Linux commands including their purpose, syntax, and usage. It covers common commands like bc, cal, cat, cd, cp, date, echo, grep, id, last, lastlog, ls, man, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sort, shutdown, who, whois, more, less, clear, cmp, wc, whoami, head, and tail. For each command, it lists the command name, brief description, and syntax.
A command is normally entered in a line by typing from the keyboard.
Commands , options and command arguments must be seperated by white space or tabs.
This document discusses several Linux commands used for process management and file manipulation. It describes the dd command which copies and converts files between formats. It also covers the expand, nl, tac, tail, ps, kill, nohup, and batch commands. The ps command displays running processes. Kill terminates processes, including background ones, using their process ID (PID). Nohup runs processes in the background even after logging out. And batch executes commands when the CPU is free.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections:
1. General purpose utilities such as date, echo, printf, calculator applications
2. Linux file system structure and commands for viewing file attributes, permissions, ownership
3. Commands for file handling, concatenation, pagination and comparing files
we need to have a good amount of basic or in-depth knowledge on Linux Basics. This will help one's job easy in resolving the issues and supporting the projects.
Are you a system admin or database admin? Or working on any other technology which is deployed or implemented on linux/UNIX machines? Then you should be good with Linux basic concepts and commands. We will cover this section very clearly.
The document provides syntax and descriptions for various Linux commands including bc, cal, cat, cd, cp, date, echo, grep, id, last, lastlog, ls, man, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sort, shutdown, who, whois, more, less, clear, cmp, wc, whoami, head, and tail. It explains what each command is used for and provides the basic syntax.
The document provides syntax and descriptions for various Linux commands including bc, cal, cat, cd, cp, date, echo, grep, id, last, lastlog, ls, man, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sort, shutdown, who, whois, more, less, clear, cmp, wc, whoami, head, and tail. It explains what each command is used for and provides the basic syntax.
The document provides descriptions of Linux commands including their purpose, syntax, and usage. It covers common commands like bc, cal, cat, cd, cp, date, echo, grep, id, last, lastlog, ls, man, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, sort, shutdown, who, whois, more, less, clear, cmp, wc, whoami, head, and tail. For each command, it lists the command name, brief description, and syntax.
The document discusses various Linux commands for communication and general purposes. Some key communication commands are write for online messaging between users, mail for offline messaging, and wall to broadcast a message to all logged-in users. General purpose commands covered include date to view the system time and date, who to see logged-in users, man to view command manuals, and lpr to print files.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands, including man for accessing manual pages, ls for listing directory contents, mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for printing the working directory, and ~ for accessing the home directory. It also covers commands for copying, moving, removing files, clearing the screen, viewing file contents, searching within files, counting words, piping commands together, using wildcards, and changing file permissions with chmod. The document encourages learning through manual pages and understanding error messages.
The document describes various Linux commands for displaying system information, manipulating files and directories, and filtering data. It provides examples of commands like date, cal, who, ls, cat, cp, mv, rm, pwd and others along with descriptions and sample outputs. Cut, paste, sort commands are described for filtering specific fields from files based on delimiters.
Linux is an open source operating system where everything can be done via commands. It was developed by Linus Torvalds and the first official version 0.02 was released in 1991. The shell is a program that takes commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform tasks. Common shells include BASH, KSH, and TCSH. Vi is a basic text editor used on Linux systems to create, edit, and view text files. It has two modes - command mode to enter commands and insert mode to add/edit text. Basic file management, text processing and other useful commands are also described.
Vim is a powerful text editor with three main modes: command, insert, and ex. It has advantages like speed, simplicity, and availability. Vim can open, modify, save, and exit files. Users can move around text, search/replace, cut/copy/paste, and customize Vim using options and mappings. Learning Vim's modes, commands, and shortcuts allows users to efficiently edit text.
The document provides descriptions of common Linux commands and their usage:
- ls lists the files in the current directory and options to modify the output
- lp prints files to the printer
- passwd changes user passwords
- paste joins lines from files and displays the output
- path specifies directories to search for commands
- pg displays files one page at a time
- pipe takes the output of one command as input to another
The document provides descriptions of common Linux commands and their usage:
- ls lists the files in the current directory and options to modify the output
- lp prints files to the printer
- passwd changes user passwords
- paste joins lines from files and displays the output
- pg displays files one page at a time
- pipe takes the output of one command as input to another
- ps provides information about running processes
- pwd prints the current working directory
- rm removes files permanently
- shift changes the order of command line arguments
- mesg controls display of messages on the terminal
- mkdir creates new directories
- more displays files one screen at a time
This document provides an overview of 27 basic Linux commands, including ls to list files, rm to remove files, rmdir to remove empty directories, cat to display file contents, cd to change directories, mv to move/rename files, who to display logged in users, mkdir to create directories, cp to copy files, and man to view command manuals. It also covers commands for permissions (chmod), clearing the screen (clear), viewing users (w), remote login (telnet), creating files (touch), editing files (vi), displaying date and time (date), viewing calendar (cal), showing IP address (ifconfig), and hostname.
This document provides commands for basic file management and system utilities in Linux/Unix systems. It includes commands for listing, moving, copying, deleting and changing permissions of files and directories. It also includes commands for editing files, finding files, archiving files, printing files, managing processes, debugging programs, I/O redirection and setting environment variables.
Linux Commands mentioned here includes basic as well advanced linux commands which we use on a daily basis. These commands can also help you to crack interview.
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with a dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx notation; and variables can be assigned text for repeated use.
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx scheme; and variables can store long text for repeated use.
This document provides instructions for 27 common Linux commands: mkdir, rmdir, ls, cd, cat, touch, wc, who, pwd, rm, mv, chmod, cp, grep, cal, date, vi, tput, ps, export, type, tail, sudo, head, man, clear, and adduser. For each command, it lists the syntax and provides 1-3 examples of common uses. The document is presented over 28 pages with the commands organized topic-by-topic and includes formatting like headings and indentation to aid readability.
This document provides information about various file commands in Linux. It discusses commands to display file contents like cat and more, copy files with cp, remove files and directories with rm, use wildcards to match filenames, edit commands, move and rename files with mv, and view the system date and time with date. The document contains detailed syntax and examples for these common file manipulation tasks in Linux.
This document provides summaries of common Linux commands, including ls, mkdir, cd, rmdir, rm, cp, mv, touch, echo, head, tail, less, more, grep, find, man, wc, pipe (|), cat, and mv. It describes the basic syntax and common examples for using each command to list, create, delete, copy, move, view, and filter files and directories from the command line.
This document provides a summary of a workshop on advanced Linux skills including scripting, archiving, file manipulation and shell scripts. It discusses using scripts for automation with wildcards, loops and conditionals. Specific commands covered include tar, gzip, bzip2, xz for archiving, cut, paste and sort for file manipulation and if/then, for and while loops for scripting logic. The use of shell scripts in HPC job submission is also demonstrated.
The document provides summaries of common Linux utilities used for file and directory management. Some key utilities summarized include:
pwd displays the current working directory. cd changes directories. ls lists directory contents. cat displays file contents. mkdir creates directories. rm removes files. chmod changes file permissions. cp copies files. mv renames or moves files/directories. diff compares files.
The document also provides examples for using each utility and explains options to filter output or modify file attributes. Special characters, quoting, wildcards, and comparing/printing files are also summarized in the document.
This document provides an overview of the basics of Unix including its history and development. It describes Unix as a command user interface (CUI) operating system that is case sensitive and allows multitasking. Various flavors of Unix are then listed along with common commands like date, cal, uname and their usage. The document also covers working with files and directories through commands like cat, touch, rm, mkdir and managing files through commands like cp, mv and viewing files with ls.
Unix , Linux Commands
Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 1960's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language.
This document provides information about various Linux commands. It begins by defining what a command is and explaining the different types of commands - built-in shell commands and external commands. It then discusses command navigation shortcuts and various file manipulation commands like mkdir, rmdir, touch, cp, rm, man, head, tail, cat, tac, more and files. The document also covers the Linux filesystem hierarchy standard and describes the main directories for binaries, configuration, data and memory. Overall, the document serves as a guide to common Linux commands and filesystem structure.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management, viewing and shell programming. It describes common commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir which allow navigating and manipulating files and directories. It also covers commands for viewing file contents like cat, head, tail, grep. Commands for compression like tar, gzip, zip and decompression like gunzip, unzip are mentioned. The document also has a section on shell programming which explains how to write shell scripts using commands and variables. It provides examples of using pipes, redirections and command options.
The document provides an introduction to Linux commands and lists the top 50 commands. It includes brief descriptions of common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, ps, kill, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, grep, sed and more. It then provides a lab exercise with 17 steps to practice basic file navigation and directory creation/deletion using these commands.
The document discusses various Linux commands for communication and general purposes. Some key communication commands are write for online messaging between users, mail for offline messaging, and wall to broadcast a message to all logged-in users. General purpose commands covered include date to view the system time and date, who to see logged-in users, man to view command manuals, and lpr to print files.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands, including man for accessing manual pages, ls for listing directory contents, mkdir for creating directories, cd for changing directories, pwd for printing the working directory, and ~ for accessing the home directory. It also covers commands for copying, moving, removing files, clearing the screen, viewing file contents, searching within files, counting words, piping commands together, using wildcards, and changing file permissions with chmod. The document encourages learning through manual pages and understanding error messages.
The document describes various Linux commands for displaying system information, manipulating files and directories, and filtering data. It provides examples of commands like date, cal, who, ls, cat, cp, mv, rm, pwd and others along with descriptions and sample outputs. Cut, paste, sort commands are described for filtering specific fields from files based on delimiters.
Linux is an open source operating system where everything can be done via commands. It was developed by Linus Torvalds and the first official version 0.02 was released in 1991. The shell is a program that takes commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform tasks. Common shells include BASH, KSH, and TCSH. Vi is a basic text editor used on Linux systems to create, edit, and view text files. It has two modes - command mode to enter commands and insert mode to add/edit text. Basic file management, text processing and other useful commands are also described.
Vim is a powerful text editor with three main modes: command, insert, and ex. It has advantages like speed, simplicity, and availability. Vim can open, modify, save, and exit files. Users can move around text, search/replace, cut/copy/paste, and customize Vim using options and mappings. Learning Vim's modes, commands, and shortcuts allows users to efficiently edit text.
The document provides descriptions of common Linux commands and their usage:
- ls lists the files in the current directory and options to modify the output
- lp prints files to the printer
- passwd changes user passwords
- paste joins lines from files and displays the output
- path specifies directories to search for commands
- pg displays files one page at a time
- pipe takes the output of one command as input to another
The document provides descriptions of common Linux commands and their usage:
- ls lists the files in the current directory and options to modify the output
- lp prints files to the printer
- passwd changes user passwords
- paste joins lines from files and displays the output
- pg displays files one page at a time
- pipe takes the output of one command as input to another
- ps provides information about running processes
- pwd prints the current working directory
- rm removes files permanently
- shift changes the order of command line arguments
- mesg controls display of messages on the terminal
- mkdir creates new directories
- more displays files one screen at a time
This document provides an overview of 27 basic Linux commands, including ls to list files, rm to remove files, rmdir to remove empty directories, cat to display file contents, cd to change directories, mv to move/rename files, who to display logged in users, mkdir to create directories, cp to copy files, and man to view command manuals. It also covers commands for permissions (chmod), clearing the screen (clear), viewing users (w), remote login (telnet), creating files (touch), editing files (vi), displaying date and time (date), viewing calendar (cal), showing IP address (ifconfig), and hostname.
This document provides commands for basic file management and system utilities in Linux/Unix systems. It includes commands for listing, moving, copying, deleting and changing permissions of files and directories. It also includes commands for editing files, finding files, archiving files, printing files, managing processes, debugging programs, I/O redirection and setting environment variables.
Linux Commands mentioned here includes basic as well advanced linux commands which we use on a daily basis. These commands can also help you to crack interview.
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with a dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx notation; and variables can be assigned text for repeated use.
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx scheme; and variables can store long text for repeated use.
This document provides instructions for 27 common Linux commands: mkdir, rmdir, ls, cd, cat, touch, wc, who, pwd, rm, mv, chmod, cp, grep, cal, date, vi, tput, ps, export, type, tail, sudo, head, man, clear, and adduser. For each command, it lists the syntax and provides 1-3 examples of common uses. The document is presented over 28 pages with the commands organized topic-by-topic and includes formatting like headings and indentation to aid readability.
This document provides information about various file commands in Linux. It discusses commands to display file contents like cat and more, copy files with cp, remove files and directories with rm, use wildcards to match filenames, edit commands, move and rename files with mv, and view the system date and time with date. The document contains detailed syntax and examples for these common file manipulation tasks in Linux.
This document provides summaries of common Linux commands, including ls, mkdir, cd, rmdir, rm, cp, mv, touch, echo, head, tail, less, more, grep, find, man, wc, pipe (|), cat, and mv. It describes the basic syntax and common examples for using each command to list, create, delete, copy, move, view, and filter files and directories from the command line.
This document provides a summary of a workshop on advanced Linux skills including scripting, archiving, file manipulation and shell scripts. It discusses using scripts for automation with wildcards, loops and conditionals. Specific commands covered include tar, gzip, bzip2, xz for archiving, cut, paste and sort for file manipulation and if/then, for and while loops for scripting logic. The use of shell scripts in HPC job submission is also demonstrated.
The document provides summaries of common Linux utilities used for file and directory management. Some key utilities summarized include:
pwd displays the current working directory. cd changes directories. ls lists directory contents. cat displays file contents. mkdir creates directories. rm removes files. chmod changes file permissions. cp copies files. mv renames or moves files/directories. diff compares files.
The document also provides examples for using each utility and explains options to filter output or modify file attributes. Special characters, quoting, wildcards, and comparing/printing files are also summarized in the document.
This document provides an overview of the basics of Unix including its history and development. It describes Unix as a command user interface (CUI) operating system that is case sensitive and allows multitasking. Various flavors of Unix are then listed along with common commands like date, cal, uname and their usage. The document also covers working with files and directories through commands like cat, touch, rm, mkdir and managing files through commands like cp, mv and viewing files with ls.
Unix , Linux Commands
Unix, which is not an acronym, was developed by some of the members of the Multics team at the bell labs starting in the late 1960's by many of the same people who helped create the C programming language.
This document provides information about various Linux commands. It begins by defining what a command is and explaining the different types of commands - built-in shell commands and external commands. It then discusses command navigation shortcuts and various file manipulation commands like mkdir, rmdir, touch, cp, rm, man, head, tail, cat, tac, more and files. The document also covers the Linux filesystem hierarchy standard and describes the main directories for binaries, configuration, data and memory. Overall, the document serves as a guide to common Linux commands and filesystem structure.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management, viewing and shell programming. It describes common commands like ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir which allow navigating and manipulating files and directories. It also covers commands for viewing file contents like cat, head, tail, grep. Commands for compression like tar, gzip, zip and decompression like gunzip, unzip are mentioned. The document also has a section on shell programming which explains how to write shell scripts using commands and variables. It provides examples of using pipes, redirections and command options.
The document provides an introduction to Linux commands and lists the top 50 commands. It includes brief descriptions of common commands like ls, cd, mkdir, rmdir, ps, kill, cat, head, cp, mv, comm, ln, history, wget, curl, find, grep, sed and more. It then provides a lab exercise with 17 steps to practice basic file navigation and directory creation/deletion using these commands.
The document discusses Linux commands for file management and viewing. It describes commands for navigating directories (cd), changing file permissions (chmod), copying files (cp), finding files (find), listing directory contents (ls), creating and removing directories (mkdir, rmdir), moving and renaming files (mv), viewing file contents (cat, head, tail), comparing files (cmp, diff), searching files (grep), and more. It also covers commands for compressing, archiving, and backing up files like tar, gzip, zip, and commands for counting, sorting, and filtering file contents.
cp command in Linux with examples
cp stands for copy. This command is used to copy files or group of files or directory. It creates an exact image of a file on a disk with different file name. cp command require at least two filenames in its arguments.
The document provides an overview of basic Linux commands organized into the following sections:
1. General purpose utilities such as date, echo, printf, calculator commands etc.
2. Linux file system structure and commands for viewing file attributes, permissions and ownership.
3. Commands for file handling, concatenating, comparing, viewing and getting statistics of files.
This document provides information on handling files under Unix. It discusses what files are, Unix filenames and conventions, and important Unix commands and tools for working with files, including cat, head, tail, cut, paste, uniq, tr, wc, sort, grep, egrep, fgrep, and tar. Special features like I/O redirection, piping, and standard files are also covered.
This document provides information on handling files under Unix. It discusses what files are, Unix filenames and conventions, and important Unix commands and tools for working with files, including cat, head, tail, cut, paste, uniq, tr, wc, sort, grep, egrep, fgrep, and tar. Special features like I/O redirection, piping, and standard files are also covered.
This document provides an overview of 27 basic Linux commands, including ls to list files, rm to remove files, rmdir to remove empty directories, cat to display file contents, cd to change directories, mv to move/rename files, who to display logged in users, mkdir to create directories, cp to copy files, and man to view command manuals. It also covers commands for permissions (chmod), clearing the screen (clear), viewing users (w), remote login (telnet), file creation (touch), text editing (vi), displaying date and time (date, cal), viewing network settings (ifconfig, hostname), and getting command help (--help).
LINUX:Control statements in shell programmingbhatvijetha
The document discusses control statements in shell programming including if/then/else statements, test commands, and case statements. If statements allow running commands conditionally based on the success or failure of a conditional command. Test commands return exit statuses to check conditions like string equality, numerical comparisons, and empty/non-empty strings. Case statements provide multi-branch functionality to run different command blocks based on pattern matches.
There are two types of shell variables: built-in shell variables and user-defined shell variables. Built-in shell variables are created and maintained by the Linux system to define the environment and include variables like HOME, LOGNAME, and PATH. User-defined shell variables are created by users with the syntax variable_name=value and must follow naming conventions like starting with a letter or underscore. These variables can then be used within shell scripts.
differences between unix and linux:
Some people think Unix and Linux as synonyms, but that's not true. Many operating systems were developed to be like Unix but none of them got the popularity as Linux. Linux is the clone of Unix. It has several features similar to Unix, still have some key differences let us see in the presentation..
Pipe allows the output of one command to be used as input for another command. The "|" symbol is used to connect commands. Common examples include using "ls | more" to view a directory listing page by page or "who > userlist.txt" to redirect the output of the who command to a file. Linux treats the keyboard, terminal screen, and error messages as standard input, output, and error. Redirectors like "<" and ">" can change where input and output are directed. Commands like sort, grep, and more are examples of filters that take input, manipulate it, and produce output.
The document provides an introduction and history of UNIX. It describes how UNIX originated from MULTICS in 1969 and was ported to new hardware in 1971. To improve portability, Ken Thompson created a new programming language called B and rewrote UNIX in this language. Dennis Ritchie later modified it to use the C programming language. The document also outlines some key features of UNIX including being multi-user, multitasking, portable, secure, and able to communicate through networking. It describes the organization of UNIX with utilities, applications, the shell interface, and the kernel which manages resources and program execution.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. Cat
This cat (catenated –concatenate) command is used
to display the contents of the specified file.
General format :
Cat [-options] <filename1> [<filename2>…]
Where options can be,
S suppresses warning about non-existing files.
d lists the sub-directory entries only
b numbers non blank output lines
n numbers all output lines
2bhatvijetha
3. Example
$cat a.c
This will display the contents of the file , a.c
$cat a.c b.c
This will display the contents of the files a.c and b.c one by
one.
3bhatvijetha
4. Cp
This cp command is used to copy the content of on file into
another file .
If the destination is an existing file,the file is overwritten ;
If the destination is an existing directory ,the file is copied
into that directory.
General format is,
Cp [-options] <source file > <destination file>
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5. rm
The rm (remove )command is used to remove a file from
the specified directory.
To remove a file you must have a write permission for the
directory that contains the file but you need not have
permission on the file itself.
General format is,
Rm [-options] <filename>
Where options can be,
r deletes all directories including the lower order directories.
I prompts before deleting
f removes write protected files also,without prompting.
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6. Example
$ rm a.c
This command deletes the file a.c from the current
directory.
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7. Mv
This command is used to rename the specified
files/directories.
General format is,
Mv <source> <destination>
For move command the user must have both write and
execute permissions on the source.
Example:
$mv a.c b.c
Then file a.c is renamed as b.c.
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8. Wc
This command is used to display the number of lines words
and characters of information stored in a specified file.
General format is,
Wc [-options] <filename>
Where options can be,
l displays the number of lines in the file
W displays the number of words in the file
C displays the number of characters in the file
Examples:
$ wc a.c
It displays the number of lines, words and characters in the
file.
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9. Cmp
This cmp command is used to compare two files.
General format is,
Cmp <filename1><filename2>
This command reports the first instants of differences
between the specified files.
that is the two files are compared byte by byte and the
location of first mismatch is echoed to the screen.
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10. File access permissions
There are 3 types of file in linux.
Ordinary file
Directory file
Special file(device file)
The ordinary file consist of a stream of data that are stored
on some magnetic media.
A directory doesnot contain any data but keeps track o
account of all file and sudirectories that it contains.
Linux treats even physical devices as files.such files are
called as special files.
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11. There are 3 types of modes for accessing thes files as
follows,
Read mode
Write mode
Execute mode
The file permission is displayed in 10 characters.
Bit position: 1 234 567 8910
Meaning:file/directory rwx permission rwx permission rwx permission
for users usergroup others
r readable
w writeable
X executable
- Denial of permission
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12. Touch command
This command is used to create a new empty file.
The length of the file created is zero.
Head command
The head command is used to display few lines at the
beginning of one or more files.
This is used in verifying the contents of a file.
By default it displays the first 10 lines of a file.
The general syntax of this command is
$head[count option] filename[s].
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