Linked Data and SKOS

•

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This document discusses Linked Data and the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). It explains that Linked Data is about publishing and linking structured data on the web. It also describes SKOS as a language for describing controlled vocabularies like taxonomies and classification schemes using Linked Data principles. The document provides examples of how SKOS can be used to publish vocabulary terms and relations as Linked Data.

Education Technology

Linked Data and SKOS
2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation, Boston
November 28th, 2011

Bernhard Haslhofer | Cornell University, Information Science

Linked Data

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Web Architecture

HTML HTML HTML

hyperlinks hyperlinks

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

But sometimes we need programmatic
access the underlying content, metadata, and
vocabularies.

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Web APIs

API API API API API

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Web APIs - Drawbacks

• Each Web API has a proprietary interface
• Datasources must be known in advance
• Information entities (papers, authors,
subjects, etc.) are not linked

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Linked Open Data Vision
• Publish and link structured data on the Web
• Create a single global data space based on
the Architecture of the World Wide Web

RDF RDF RDF

RDF links RDF links

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Linked Data Example
http://xmlns.com/foaf/
spec/#term_Person

N. M. R. Peres
...
rdf:type
http://purl.org/ontology/
bibo/Article foaf:name

http://arxiv.org/authors/ http://aps.org/authors/
owl:sameAs
Peres_N peres_nmr

rdf:type
dcterms:creator dcterms:creator

http://arxiv.org/resource/ http://prb.aps.org/resource/
owl:sameAs
cond-mat/0512091 PRB/v73/i12/e125411

dc:title

...
Electronic Properties of Disordered
Two-Dimensional Carbon

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Publishing Linked Data

• Distinguish between non-information (NIR) and
information resource (IR)
• Sample NIR
• http://arxiv.org/resource/cond-mat/0512091
• Sample IRs
• http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0512091 (HTML)
• http://arxiv.org/data/cond-mat/0512091 (RDF)

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

The Simple Knowledge
Organization System (SKOS)

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

What is SKOS?

• A language for describing controlled
vocabularies (taxonomies, classiﬁcation
schemes, thesauri)
• Builds on Linked Data principles

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

SKOS Examples

skos:Concept

rdf:type

arxiv:cond-mat

@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix arxiv: <http://arxiv.org/subjects/> .

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

SKOS Examples

"Condensed Matter
Physics"@en
skos:prefLabel

skos:Concept "Kondensierte Materie
skos:prefLabel
arxiv:cond-mat Physik"@de
skos:altLabel

"Physics"@en

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

SKOS Examples

skos:broader

skos:Concept "Condensed Matter
skos:prefLabel
arxiv:cond-mat Physics"@en

skos:narrower skos:broader

skos:Concept "Physics - Statistical
skos:prefLabel
arxiv:cond-mat.stat-mech Mechanics"@en

skos:narrower

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

SKOS Example

skos:broader
skos:Concept
...

skos:Concept
skos:related
arxiv:cond-mat

skos:narrower
skos:closeMatch
dbpedia:
Condensed_matter_
physics

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

SKOS Examples
ex1:someConceptScheme ex2:otherConceptScheme

skos:Concept skos:Concept
arxiv:cond-mat aps:....
skos:exactMatch

skos:Concept skos:broadMatch skos:Concept
arxiv:physics.data-
aps:....
an

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Summary

• Linked Data is about exposing and linking
structured data on the Web
• SKOS is a language for expressing
controlled vocabularies
• SKOS vocabularies can be published as
Linked Data

2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

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1. Linked Data and SKOS 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation, Boston November 28th, 2011 Bernhard Haslhofer | Cornell University, Information Science

2. Linked Data 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

5. Web Architecture HTML HTML HTML hyperlinks hyperlinks 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

6. But sometimes we need programmatic access the underlying content, metadata, and vocabularies. 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

7. Web APIs API API API API API 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

8. Web APIs - Drawbacks • Each Web API has a proprietary interface • Datasources must be known in advance • Information entities (papers, authors, subjects, etc.) are not linked 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

9. Linked Open Data Vision • Publish and link structured data on the Web • Create a single global data space based on the Architecture of the World Wide Web RDF RDF RDF RDF links RDF links 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

10. Linked Data Example http://xmlns.com/foaf/ spec/#term_Person N. M. R. Peres ... rdf:type http://purl.org/ontology/ bibo/Article foaf:name http://arxiv.org/authors/ http://aps.org/authors/ owl:sameAs Peres_N peres_nmr rdf:type dcterms:creator dcterms:creator http://arxiv.org/resource/ http://prb.aps.org/resource/ owl:sameAs cond-mat/0512091 PRB/v73/i12/e125411 dc:title ... Electronic Properties of Disordered Two-Dimensional Carbon 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

11. Publishing Linked Data • Distinguish between non-information (NIR) and information resource (IR) • Sample NIR • http://arxiv.org/resource/cond-mat/0512091 • Sample IRs • http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0512091 (HTML) • http://arxiv.org/data/cond-mat/0512091 (RDF) 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

12.

13. The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

14. What is SKOS? • A language for describing controlled vocabularies (taxonomies, classiﬁcation schemes, thesauri) • Builds on Linked Data principles 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

15. SKOS Examples skos:Concept rdf:type arxiv:cond-mat @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix arxiv: <http://arxiv.org/subjects/> . 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

16. SKOS Examples "Condensed Matter Physics"@en skos:prefLabel skos:Concept "Kondensierte Materie skos:prefLabel arxiv:cond-mat Physik"@de skos:altLabel "Physics"@en 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

17. SKOS Examples skos:broader skos:Concept "Condensed Matter skos:prefLabel arxiv:cond-mat Physics"@en skos:narrower skos:broader skos:Concept "Physics - Statistical skos:prefLabel arxiv:cond-mat.stat-mech Mechanics"@en skos:narrower 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

18. SKOS Example skos:broader skos:Concept ... skos:Concept skos:related arxiv:cond-mat skos:narrower skos:closeMatch dbpedia: Condensed_matter_ physics 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

19. SKOS Examples ex1:someConceptScheme ex2:otherConceptScheme skos:Concept skos:Concept arxiv:cond-mat aps:.... skos:exactMatch skos:Concept skos:broadMatch skos:Concept arxiv:physics.data- aps:.... an 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

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22. Summary • Linked Data is about exposing and linking structured data on the Web • SKOS is a language for expressing controlled vocabularies • SKOS vocabularies can be published as Linked Data 2011 Workshop on Physics Classiﬁcation | Boston, MA | Nov. 28th, 2011

Linked Data and SKOS

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