GDP includes how much we’re spending on things like education, the police and health… But it isn’t designed to measure the outcomes of all that spending – are our kids getting smarter, our streets safer, our hospitals more effective? OECD produces many comparable indicators that can help assess progress. Visit: www.oecd.org/statistics
The document discusses various measures used to assess economic performance and well-being, including GDP, inflation, unemployment, balance of payments, exchange rates, as well as non-economic measures like quality of life, environment, health, education, and taxation. It provides details on how each indicator is defined and calculated, factors that influence them, and their impacts.
The document discusses several indicators used to measure and compare economic development levels between countries. It explains that while natural resources were historically important, productivity is now seen as the main indicator of development. The Human Development Index (HDI) is the most widely used composite measure, assessing health, education and income. However, no single measure can fully capture development, so indices continue evolving to include more factors like environment, gender equality and technology. GDP and GNP per capita also provide comparisons, but have limitations and do not show income distribution or quality of life factors. Overall development analysis requires considering multiple economic, social and environmental indicators.
The document discusses different ways to measure the output and economic growth of a country. It defines national income or GDP as the total value of goods and services produced domestically over a period of time. GDP can be measured by total output, total expenditure, or total income. Economic growth is defined as an increase in national income or GDP over time after accounting for inflation through real GDP. While economic growth can improve living standards, it may also increase environmental damage and resource depletion. Alternative measures of welfare and quality of life beyond GDP are also discussed, such as GDP per capita, the Human Development Index, and social indicators related to health, education, poverty, and the environment.
This document discusses various measures used to assess national income, living standards, and economic well-being. It explains that gross national income (GNI) per capita is a baseline measure but has limitations. Other indicators discussed include the human development index, index of sustainable economic welfare, Gini coefficient for inequality, and quality of life indicators. The document examines factors like remittances, purchasing power adjustments, and difficulties in accurately measuring concepts like standard of living.
1. The document discusses measuring GDP and economic growth. It defines GDP and explains how the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures US GDP using the expenditure and income approaches.
2. Real GDP is discussed as a way to separate economic growth from inflation. It explains how real GDP is calculated using base year prices or chain-weighted indexes.
3. The limitations of using real GDP as a welfare measure are outlined, as it does not capture all aspects of economic well-being.
The document discusses economic growth in several countries and regions. It provides data showing some of the fastest growing countries in 2015, with Papua New Guinea having the highest growth rate at 19.33%. It also discusses factors that have contributed to rapid economic growth in many African countries in recent years, such as rising commodity prices and increasing foreign direct investment. The document analyzes sources of economic growth in China, finding that over 60% has come from increasing capital and labor inputs, while 30-40% has come from rising productivity.
GDP includes how much we’re spending on things like education, the police and health… But it isn’t designed to measure the outcomes of all that spending – are our kids getting smarter, our streets safer, our hospitals more effective? OECD produces many comparable indicators that can help assess progress. Visit: www.oecd.org/statistics
The document discusses various measures used to assess economic performance and well-being, including GDP, inflation, unemployment, balance of payments, exchange rates, as well as non-economic measures like quality of life, environment, health, education, and taxation. It provides details on how each indicator is defined and calculated, factors that influence them, and their impacts.
The document discusses several indicators used to measure and compare economic development levels between countries. It explains that while natural resources were historically important, productivity is now seen as the main indicator of development. The Human Development Index (HDI) is the most widely used composite measure, assessing health, education and income. However, no single measure can fully capture development, so indices continue evolving to include more factors like environment, gender equality and technology. GDP and GNP per capita also provide comparisons, but have limitations and do not show income distribution or quality of life factors. Overall development analysis requires considering multiple economic, social and environmental indicators.
The document discusses different ways to measure the output and economic growth of a country. It defines national income or GDP as the total value of goods and services produced domestically over a period of time. GDP can be measured by total output, total expenditure, or total income. Economic growth is defined as an increase in national income or GDP over time after accounting for inflation through real GDP. While economic growth can improve living standards, it may also increase environmental damage and resource depletion. Alternative measures of welfare and quality of life beyond GDP are also discussed, such as GDP per capita, the Human Development Index, and social indicators related to health, education, poverty, and the environment.
This document discusses various measures used to assess national income, living standards, and economic well-being. It explains that gross national income (GNI) per capita is a baseline measure but has limitations. Other indicators discussed include the human development index, index of sustainable economic welfare, Gini coefficient for inequality, and quality of life indicators. The document examines factors like remittances, purchasing power adjustments, and difficulties in accurately measuring concepts like standard of living.
1. The document discusses measuring GDP and economic growth. It defines GDP and explains how the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures US GDP using the expenditure and income approaches.
2. Real GDP is discussed as a way to separate economic growth from inflation. It explains how real GDP is calculated using base year prices or chain-weighted indexes.
3. The limitations of using real GDP as a welfare measure are outlined, as it does not capture all aspects of economic well-being.
The document discusses economic growth in several countries and regions. It provides data showing some of the fastest growing countries in 2015, with Papua New Guinea having the highest growth rate at 19.33%. It also discusses factors that have contributed to rapid economic growth in many African countries in recent years, such as rising commodity prices and increasing foreign direct investment. The document analyzes sources of economic growth in China, finding that over 60% has come from increasing capital and labor inputs, while 30-40% has come from rising productivity.
This chapter discusses key macroeconomic concepts including:
1) The two major issues in macroeconomics are economic growth and business cycles which include unemployment and inflation.
2) Important measures used to evaluate macroeconomic performance are GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and potential GDP.
3) Macroeconomic policies implemented by governments include fiscal policy related to government spending and taxation and monetary policy which controls money supply and interest rates. These policies aim to promote growth, reduce unemployment, and lower inflation.
Here are my responses to your review questions:
1. Some key government policies that can promote economic growth discussed in the document include encouraging saving and investment, education and training, securing property rights and maintaining political stability, promoting free trade, controlling population growth, and promoting research and development.
2. The influx of more women in universities could positively influence the economy by expanding the overall human capital and skills in the labor force. Educating and training more women would increase productivity over the long run and potentially lead to more innovation. It could also help reduce gender imbalances in the labor market and certain occupations. Overall, greater educational attainment and workforce participation of women has the potential to boost economic growth.
(1) Economic growth is the expansion of an economy's production capabilities over time, as measured by the increase in potential GDP. Growth occurs through increases in population, productivity, capital, technology and other factors.
(2) The US has experienced steady economic growth since the 1950s, driven primarily by productivity gains. Labor productivity has increased on average 1.5-2.8% annually due to advances in technology, education, capital investment and other factors.
(3) While economic growth has lifted living standards in the US, growth has slowed recently and the country lags others in math/science skills. Sustained growth requires continued productivity improvements through education, innovation and efficient resource allocation.
This document discusses economic growth. It defines economic growth as increases in national output over time, often measured by GDP. Potential economic growth is the growth in an economy's productive potential, while actual economic growth is the extent to which an economy grows to its potential. The document outlines objectives to revise economic growth, understand how to generate it, explain its causes, and examine advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses generating growth through stimulating aggregate demand, and explains causes of growth like technological progress. Finally, it outlines advantages like improved living standards and tax revenue, and disadvantages like inequality and environmental damage.
This document discusses economic growth and factors that influence it. It defines economic growth as an increase in potential GDP over time, measured by expanding production capabilities. Growth rates are calculated by comparing GDP values between years. Economic growth increases standards of living by raising GDP per capita. While population growth reduces growth in GDP per person, productivity gains can outweigh this effect and allow sustained increases in living standards over long periods. Factors driving productivity and growth include investment in physical and human capital, technology advances, and strong economic institutions.
This document examines the measurement of economic growth in Nigeria using gross domestic product (GDP) data from 1980 to 2014. It defines GDP and related terms like gross national product, real GDP, nominal GDP, and GDP deflator. GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Real GDP accounts for inflation to measure actual economic output. The author analyzes Nigeria's GDP figures over the period and finds little significant economic growth. They recommend the government improve infrastructure to aid business and formulate sound monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate inflation and boost productivity.
This document provides an overview of business cycles, unemployment, and inflation. It discusses the phases of the business cycle including expansion, recession, peaks and troughs. It also examines causes of business cycles and different types of unemployment including frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Key labor market indicators like the unemployment rate, labor force participation rate, and natural rate of unemployment are defined. The relationship between actual and potential GDP over the business cycle is also explored.
Economic growth and development and IncomeAbinash Pandia
Economic growth measures the value of goods and services produced, while economic development measures human welfare. Economic growth is affected by factors like natural resources, capital formation, technology, education and political stability. Countries can be measured based on GDP, GNP, HDI and other indicators. GDP can be calculated using production, expenditure and income approaches by summing value added, expenditures and incomes. International comparisons use market exchange rates or purchasing power parity rates.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Nominal GDP is unadjusted for inflation, while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect true economic growth. GDP and real GDP per capita can be used to measure and compare living standards and economic output between countries.
Economic growth refers to an increase in real GDP or real GDP per capita over time. It is important because it lessens the burdens of scarcity. Two key factors that lead to long-term economic growth are increases in the quantity of labor through population growth and increases in the quality of labor through productivity gains. Together, steady growth in the labor force and productivity allow countries to experience sustainable increases in real GDP and living standards over generations.
This document discusses how economic growth is measured and the factors that influence it. It begins by explaining that a country's economic growth is measured by its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total value of goods and services produced in one year. It then outlines the four main factors that determine a country's GDP: natural resources, human capital, capital goods, and entrepreneurship. Each of these factors is then defined and their role in influencing a country's economic growth and standard of living is described.
Economic growth and economic development and the differencesAquatix Pharma
Economic growth refers to an increase in a country's real GDP or output, measured quantitatively. It does not necessarily improve living standards. Economic development is a broader concept that involves qualitative progress such as improved literacy, life expectancy, and standards of living. Development measures progress using indexes like the Human Development Index that account for social and environmental factors beyond just GDP. True economic development leads to sustainable gains for society as a whole, while growth can sometimes only benefit a small group.
AS Macro: Introduction to Economic Developmenttutor2u
This document provides an introduction to economic development. It defines economic development as improving human freedoms and reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment. The key goals of economic development are outlined in the Millennium Development Goals and are measured by indicators such as the Human Development Index which considers education, life expectancy, and income. However, the HDI has limitations as it does not account for other important factors like political freedoms, income distribution, or qualitative changes over time. Common characteristics of lower income countries are also presented such as lower productivity and incomes as well as higher inequality, which can lead to social and economic costs if left unaddressed.
- Section 1 discusses economic growth, defining it as a persistent increase in real GDP and potential output. It examines how growth is presented on a PPC curve and discusses the determinants and measurement of economic growth.
- Section 2 defines economic development as the process of improving living standards and quality of life for all citizens through improvements in economic, social, and cultural aspects. It discusses different approaches to defining and measuring development.
- Section 3 likely discusses factors affecting the economic growth and development process, including investments, savings, productivity, technology, education and other macroeconomic factors.
This document defines and provides examples of key terms related to economic growth. It discusses:
- Economic growth is defined as an increase in a country's production of goods and services, and is positively associated with quality of life. It is measured in currency terms.
- Economic growth rate is the percentage change in real GDP from one period to the next.
- GDP per person divides a country's total GDP by its population to compare living standards between countries and over time.
- Population growth rate is the percentage change in a population from one period to the next.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating growth rates of real GDP, population, and real GDP per person.
This document provides an overview of business cycles, unemployment, and inflation in the United States. It discusses how GDP and the economy fluctuate in cycles, with alternating periods of expansion and recession. Unemployment rates and types of unemployment, including frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal, are also examined. Key labor market indicators like the unemployment rate and labor force participation rate are defined. The concept of potential GDP and the natural rate of unemployment are introduced.
Potential GDP
0
ASLR1
ASLR2
Long-run aggregate supply increases when productivity or the quantity of resources increases permanently. This shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve rightward, increasing the potential GDP of the economy.
Economic growth refers to an increase in real output through higher consumption, government spending, investment or net exports. It brings quantitative changes. Economic development implies progressive socio-economic changes that improve quality of life through increasing income, savings, investment, education and decreasing inequality. Development brings qualitative and quantitative changes. It is possible to have economic growth without development if benefits do not reach the population through factors like concentrated wealth or spending on military instead of social services. Growth can lead to development and vice versa by raising living standards and spending. While India has a large economy, it is still developing due to challenges like corruption, population, poverty and infrastructure that limit quality of life improvements despite high growth rates.
This document summarizes key concepts in economics including:
1) National economic performance is measured by variables like growth, inflation, unemployment, and the current account, but tradeoffs may occur when trying to achieve all goals at once.
2) The circular flow of income shows how households supply factors to firms in exchange for income, which is then used to buy goods and services in a continuous flow.
3) Economic growth is defined as increases in productive capacity and output over time, measured by variables like GDP, and it contributes to improved living standards but also has critics regarding sustainability and negative externalities.
Public expenditure has increasingly grown over time to fulfill three main roles: protecting society, protecting individuals, and funding public works. The growth can be attributed to several causes like increased income, welfare state ideology, effects of war, increased resources and ability to finance expenditures, inflation, and effects of democracy, socialism, and development. There are also canons that govern public spending like benefits, economy, and approval by authorities. The effects of public expenditure include impacts on consumption, production through efficiency, incentives and allocation, and distribution of resources.
Infrastructure Development in South Africa, Stephen Labson slEconomicsStephen Labson
Budgeted public sector infrastructure spending of roughly R845 billion is planned for from 2012/13 to 2014/15 of which R300 billion is targeted to the energy sector and R262 billion in transport.
While funding would appear to be sufficient to support South Africa’s infrastructure investment requirements, there are some challenges to address. We examine some of the key issues ahead in our Overview.
This chapter discusses key macroeconomic concepts including:
1) The two major issues in macroeconomics are economic growth and business cycles which include unemployment and inflation.
2) Important measures used to evaluate macroeconomic performance are GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and potential GDP.
3) Macroeconomic policies implemented by governments include fiscal policy related to government spending and taxation and monetary policy which controls money supply and interest rates. These policies aim to promote growth, reduce unemployment, and lower inflation.
Here are my responses to your review questions:
1. Some key government policies that can promote economic growth discussed in the document include encouraging saving and investment, education and training, securing property rights and maintaining political stability, promoting free trade, controlling population growth, and promoting research and development.
2. The influx of more women in universities could positively influence the economy by expanding the overall human capital and skills in the labor force. Educating and training more women would increase productivity over the long run and potentially lead to more innovation. It could also help reduce gender imbalances in the labor market and certain occupations. Overall, greater educational attainment and workforce participation of women has the potential to boost economic growth.
(1) Economic growth is the expansion of an economy's production capabilities over time, as measured by the increase in potential GDP. Growth occurs through increases in population, productivity, capital, technology and other factors.
(2) The US has experienced steady economic growth since the 1950s, driven primarily by productivity gains. Labor productivity has increased on average 1.5-2.8% annually due to advances in technology, education, capital investment and other factors.
(3) While economic growth has lifted living standards in the US, growth has slowed recently and the country lags others in math/science skills. Sustained growth requires continued productivity improvements through education, innovation and efficient resource allocation.
This document discusses economic growth. It defines economic growth as increases in national output over time, often measured by GDP. Potential economic growth is the growth in an economy's productive potential, while actual economic growth is the extent to which an economy grows to its potential. The document outlines objectives to revise economic growth, understand how to generate it, explain its causes, and examine advantages and disadvantages. It then discusses generating growth through stimulating aggregate demand, and explains causes of growth like technological progress. Finally, it outlines advantages like improved living standards and tax revenue, and disadvantages like inequality and environmental damage.
This document discusses economic growth and factors that influence it. It defines economic growth as an increase in potential GDP over time, measured by expanding production capabilities. Growth rates are calculated by comparing GDP values between years. Economic growth increases standards of living by raising GDP per capita. While population growth reduces growth in GDP per person, productivity gains can outweigh this effect and allow sustained increases in living standards over long periods. Factors driving productivity and growth include investment in physical and human capital, technology advances, and strong economic institutions.
This document examines the measurement of economic growth in Nigeria using gross domestic product (GDP) data from 1980 to 2014. It defines GDP and related terms like gross national product, real GDP, nominal GDP, and GDP deflator. GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Real GDP accounts for inflation to measure actual economic output. The author analyzes Nigeria's GDP figures over the period and finds little significant economic growth. They recommend the government improve infrastructure to aid business and formulate sound monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate inflation and boost productivity.
This document provides an overview of business cycles, unemployment, and inflation. It discusses the phases of the business cycle including expansion, recession, peaks and troughs. It also examines causes of business cycles and different types of unemployment including frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Key labor market indicators like the unemployment rate, labor force participation rate, and natural rate of unemployment are defined. The relationship between actual and potential GDP over the business cycle is also explored.
Economic growth and development and IncomeAbinash Pandia
Economic growth measures the value of goods and services produced, while economic development measures human welfare. Economic growth is affected by factors like natural resources, capital formation, technology, education and political stability. Countries can be measured based on GDP, GNP, HDI and other indicators. GDP can be calculated using production, expenditure and income approaches by summing value added, expenditures and incomes. International comparisons use market exchange rates or purchasing power parity rates.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Nominal GDP is unadjusted for inflation, while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect true economic growth. GDP and real GDP per capita can be used to measure and compare living standards and economic output between countries.
Economic growth refers to an increase in real GDP or real GDP per capita over time. It is important because it lessens the burdens of scarcity. Two key factors that lead to long-term economic growth are increases in the quantity of labor through population growth and increases in the quality of labor through productivity gains. Together, steady growth in the labor force and productivity allow countries to experience sustainable increases in real GDP and living standards over generations.
This document discusses how economic growth is measured and the factors that influence it. It begins by explaining that a country's economic growth is measured by its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total value of goods and services produced in one year. It then outlines the four main factors that determine a country's GDP: natural resources, human capital, capital goods, and entrepreneurship. Each of these factors is then defined and their role in influencing a country's economic growth and standard of living is described.
Economic growth and economic development and the differencesAquatix Pharma
Economic growth refers to an increase in a country's real GDP or output, measured quantitatively. It does not necessarily improve living standards. Economic development is a broader concept that involves qualitative progress such as improved literacy, life expectancy, and standards of living. Development measures progress using indexes like the Human Development Index that account for social and environmental factors beyond just GDP. True economic development leads to sustainable gains for society as a whole, while growth can sometimes only benefit a small group.
AS Macro: Introduction to Economic Developmenttutor2u
This document provides an introduction to economic development. It defines economic development as improving human freedoms and reducing poverty, inequality, and unemployment. The key goals of economic development are outlined in the Millennium Development Goals and are measured by indicators such as the Human Development Index which considers education, life expectancy, and income. However, the HDI has limitations as it does not account for other important factors like political freedoms, income distribution, or qualitative changes over time. Common characteristics of lower income countries are also presented such as lower productivity and incomes as well as higher inequality, which can lead to social and economic costs if left unaddressed.
- Section 1 discusses economic growth, defining it as a persistent increase in real GDP and potential output. It examines how growth is presented on a PPC curve and discusses the determinants and measurement of economic growth.
- Section 2 defines economic development as the process of improving living standards and quality of life for all citizens through improvements in economic, social, and cultural aspects. It discusses different approaches to defining and measuring development.
- Section 3 likely discusses factors affecting the economic growth and development process, including investments, savings, productivity, technology, education and other macroeconomic factors.
This document defines and provides examples of key terms related to economic growth. It discusses:
- Economic growth is defined as an increase in a country's production of goods and services, and is positively associated with quality of life. It is measured in currency terms.
- Economic growth rate is the percentage change in real GDP from one period to the next.
- GDP per person divides a country's total GDP by its population to compare living standards between countries and over time.
- Population growth rate is the percentage change in a population from one period to the next.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating growth rates of real GDP, population, and real GDP per person.
This document provides an overview of business cycles, unemployment, and inflation in the United States. It discusses how GDP and the economy fluctuate in cycles, with alternating periods of expansion and recession. Unemployment rates and types of unemployment, including frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal, are also examined. Key labor market indicators like the unemployment rate and labor force participation rate are defined. The concept of potential GDP and the natural rate of unemployment are introduced.
Potential GDP
0
ASLR1
ASLR2
Long-run aggregate supply increases when productivity or the quantity of resources increases permanently. This shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve rightward, increasing the potential GDP of the economy.
Economic growth refers to an increase in real output through higher consumption, government spending, investment or net exports. It brings quantitative changes. Economic development implies progressive socio-economic changes that improve quality of life through increasing income, savings, investment, education and decreasing inequality. Development brings qualitative and quantitative changes. It is possible to have economic growth without development if benefits do not reach the population through factors like concentrated wealth or spending on military instead of social services. Growth can lead to development and vice versa by raising living standards and spending. While India has a large economy, it is still developing due to challenges like corruption, population, poverty and infrastructure that limit quality of life improvements despite high growth rates.
This document summarizes key concepts in economics including:
1) National economic performance is measured by variables like growth, inflation, unemployment, and the current account, but tradeoffs may occur when trying to achieve all goals at once.
2) The circular flow of income shows how households supply factors to firms in exchange for income, which is then used to buy goods and services in a continuous flow.
3) Economic growth is defined as increases in productive capacity and output over time, measured by variables like GDP, and it contributes to improved living standards but also has critics regarding sustainability and negative externalities.
Public expenditure has increasingly grown over time to fulfill three main roles: protecting society, protecting individuals, and funding public works. The growth can be attributed to several causes like increased income, welfare state ideology, effects of war, increased resources and ability to finance expenditures, inflation, and effects of democracy, socialism, and development. There are also canons that govern public spending like benefits, economy, and approval by authorities. The effects of public expenditure include impacts on consumption, production through efficiency, incentives and allocation, and distribution of resources.
Infrastructure Development in South Africa, Stephen Labson slEconomicsStephen Labson
Budgeted public sector infrastructure spending of roughly R845 billion is planned for from 2012/13 to 2014/15 of which R300 billion is targeted to the energy sector and R262 billion in transport.
While funding would appear to be sufficient to support South Africa’s infrastructure investment requirements, there are some challenges to address. We examine some of the key issues ahead in our Overview.
Maryland's manufacturing sector is relatively small compared to the rest of the US, accounting for only 4% of employment and 5.8% of GDP. While Maryland has gained some jobs recently, they are not in traditional manufacturing industries. Manufacturing is important not just for jobs but for driving broader competitiveness through productivity gains, technology innovation, exports, and R&D spending. New disruptive technologies could transform manufacturing by changing economies of scale and democratizing innovation beyond just large firms. Policies to link small and medium firms to large firms and education, attract foreign investment, support exports, and provide access to technology could help revitalize US manufacturing ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of the BCG matrix and GE/McKinsey matrix as portfolio analysis tools. The BCG matrix uses market growth rate and relative market share to evaluate products in a company's portfolio. It was developed in 1970 by Boston Consulting Group. The GE/McKinsey matrix evaluates business units based on their market attractiveness and business unit strength. It was developed jointly by McKinsey and GE in the 1970s. Both tools are useful for strategic planning and resource allocation, though each has certain limitations when used in isolation.
McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm. Consultants at McKinsey can follow two career paths - client service support or administration staff. Client service consultants focus on establishing relationships with clients and building skills in demand. Administration staff focus on practice expertise, management, and knowledge transfer. Despite most consultants leaving after 7-8 years, McKinsey remains coveted due to opportunities for advancement, prestige, and working with talented colleagues globally. The most challenging assignment discussed was setting up European telecom networks. The assignment with the best career prospect involved creating marketing documents and a center of competence for the firm. McKinsey's core competencies are their client focus, expertise in many fields, knowledge sharing infrastructure, and innovative
This document discusses sectoral infrastructure development in India. It notes that infrastructure investment plays an important role in economic growth and development. Large investments are planned for various infrastructure sectors like roads, ports, railways, and airports to support India's growing economy. Public-private partnerships are seen as key to funding these infrastructure improvements. The regulatory environment is also being reformed and liberalized to encourage greater private and foreign investment in India's infrastructure development.
The document discusses key concepts related to measuring a country's economic output, including:
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a period.
- Gross National Product (GNP) includes output produced abroad by a country's citizens and excludes foreign-produced domestic output.
- GDP is calculated using the expenditure, income, and production approaches.
- Per capita GDP divides a nation's total GDP by its population for a measure of individual economic well-being.
- Real GDP adjusts for inflation to measure output in constant prices.
This document provides information on various economic indicators and statistics. Section A defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real GDP, Gross National Product (GNP), per capita GDP, and net factor income. Section B discusses limitations of GDP and effects of the black market. Section C presents 2012 GDP, GDP growth rates, unemployment rates, inflation rates, and UN Human Development Index rankings for Ireland, UK, USA, Canada, Congo, China, and Moldova.
Dependency theory posits that peripheral, less developed nations are dependent on core countries for their economic development, which hinders their ability to develop and benefits core nations. It was developed by Raul Prebisch in response to global disparities and argues that the structure of the world economy favors core countries over peripheral ones. The theory is illustrated through Haiti's history as a peripheral nation dependent on France during colonial rule, which left it impoverished despite producing valuable exports.
Can ehealth solve China's Healthcare challenges (McKinsey presentation)Franck Le Deu
Xingshulin is a leading physician social network and clinical
tools provider in China. It aims to:
1) Connect physicians through an online community platform
2) Provide clinical decision support tools leveraging big data
3) Monetize through various means including advertising and big data
analytics
In summary, Xingshulin is transforming physician communities and
enhancing healthcare delivery in China by empowering physicians with
online networks and clinical tools.
A presentation by SMART Infrastructure Facility Advisory Council Member, Dr Richard Sharp (Principal, ARUP) to the International Symposium For Next Generation Infrastructure, Vienna, 30 September - 1 October 2014.
Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, is a measurement of the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time, usually a year. GDP is used to indicate the overall economic performance and health of a nation's economy. It excludes production that occurs abroad and only includes "new" domestic production, not used goods. GDP has limitations as it does not account for non-market activities, distribution of goods, leisure time, or negative externalities like pollution.
The document contains numerous templates for organizing information into structured formats including tables, flows, and Gantt charts. The templates include options for layouts with various numbers of columns, rows, titles, and descriptive text elements. Footnotes and sources are included at the bottom of each template.
How to create a basic power point presentationjoluisae
This document provides instructions for creating a basic PowerPoint presentation in 9 steps:
1) Open PowerPoint and save your project, saving often to prevent data loss.
2) Create a title slide with the presentation title and subtitle.
3) Choose a slide design template.
4) Add new slides and edit the slide layout.
5) Add text to slides by adjusting font settings.
6) Add pictures to slides by inserting images from your computer.
7) Create multiple slides by following steps 4-6.
8) Add slide transitions by selecting different transition styles and settings.
9) Repeat step 8 to add transitions to other slides and preview the completed presentation.
The document summarizes McKinsey & Company's research on promoting gender diversity in organizations over several years from 2007 to 2012. Some of the key findings include: (1) Companies with more women in top executive positions tend to have better financial performance; (2) Leadership behaviors more commonly seen in female leaders (such as people development) improve organizational health; (3) Getting more women into leadership requires action at societal, governmental, company and individual levels.
Joseph E. Stiglitz - HLEG event "Beyond GDP: What counts for economic & socia...StatsCommunications
Keynote by Joseph E. Stiglitz at HLEG event "Beyond GDP: What counts for economic & social performance? Understanding different daily life challenges of Europeans", Jointly organised by Bertelsmann Stiftung & the OECD-hosted HLEG
The R&D projects funded by the European Union. The recent experience of Web-...Wikiprogress_slides
Presentation given by Donatella Fazio of Istat to student of Università di Bologna Corso di laurea in Sviluppo e Cooperazione Internazionale on 27 November 2014
OECD Well-being and Mental Health Conference, Carrie Exton, OECDStatsCommunications
Session on Integrated approaches to mental health: where do we stand, where do we need to go next?, 6 December 2021, more information at www.oecd.org/wise/well-being-and-mental-health.htm
Professor Martin Boddy (Chair, SWO Board and Executive Dean, Faculty of Environment and Technology, University of the West of England) delivers a scene-setting presentation on 'getting the measure of prosperity'.
Social impact investment is a new approach that provides finance with an explicit social return in addition to financial return. This document discusses social impact investment and the evolving market. It describes how social impact investment addresses social challenges through areas like health, education, and housing. The market is growing as social needs increase and public funds face pressure. The document also outlines frameworks, characteristics, challenges in measuring this market, and open policy questions about the role of government intervention.
National Accounts of Well-being presents a framework for measuring national well-being that goes beyond traditional economic indicators like GDP. It recommends that governments regularly collect data on citizens' subjective well-being, including their experiences, feelings, and perceptions of how their lives are going. This data would be published as National Accounts of Well-being. The framework includes measures of personal well-being, like positive emotions and life satisfaction, and social well-being, like supportive relationships and trust. Analysis of survey data from 22 European countries found that levels of personal and social well-being varied between countries in unexpected ways. National Accounts of Well-being could provide a more holistic view of societal progress and a more informative approach for policymaking
This document discusses progress on the Health 2020 agenda in Europe. It summarizes the key topics and decisions from recent WHO meetings, including adopting a post-2015 health goal to ensure healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages. It also reviews trends showing progress towards reducing premature mortality in Europe, though gaps between countries remain. Implementing Health 2020 requires addressing all determinants of health through public health investments and intersectoral governance approaches. Upcoming priorities include actions on non-communicable diseases, health security, and the environment.
Eva Neitzert: Regional Index of Sustainable Economic WellbeingAndy Dunne
Dr Eva Neitzert (NEF) presents to the Association of Regional Observatories Network Event on the Regional Index of Sustainable Economic Wellbeing. This presentation was delivered in Birmingham on Wednesday 27th January 2010.
From dashboards to decision-making: Adapting complex information on well-bein...StatsCommunications
Session 1 of the virtual event series on Implementing a well-being approach to policy and international partnerships in Latin America, 28-30 June 2022, More information at: https://www.oecd.org/wise/lac-well-being-metrics.htm
Inclusive economic growth;a role for local directors of public health John Middleton
John Middleton discusses inclusive economic growth and public health at a Public Health England conference. He argues that improving population health leads to greater economic prosperity, and outlines several strategies for promoting health and wealth, including: controlling corporate excesses; developing industries and services that improve health; encouraging corporate citizenship in health and local authorities; advocating for health impact assessments; and asset-based community development. Middleton also discusses saving money through sustainable living, community economic development, and protecting resources across generations.
by Robert Costanza, Chair in Public Policy, Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University
and Editor in Chief, Solutions
Presentation given at the 'Beyond-GDP in Africa: Innovative Ideas for a Regional Dashboard' workshop, Centre for the study of Governance Innovation, University of Pretoria. www.governanceinnovation.org
The document summarizes an event discussing developments beyond GDP metrics for measuring societal progress. It includes the agenda for the event, which has presentations on the UN's 2022 Beyond GDP report, the work of the UN Network of Economic Statisticians, and the European Horizon Project. The event aims to discuss international frameworks and initiatives for developing metrics beyond GDP to provide a more holistic assessment of societal progress.
The document discusses several topics related to health and science:
- Professor Giles Vassal from the European Society for Paediatric Oncology outlines the importance of tackling cancer in children and adolescents in Europe.
- Gill Collinson from the National STEM Centre highlights the significance of STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education.
- Judith Shapiro from the Carbon Capture and Storage Association asks if carbon capture and storage can help Europe meet its climate change goals as outlined in the upcoming 2015 Energy Bill.
The document discusses how community engagement can help achieve prosperity without economic growth. It argues that GDP is not a good measure of societal well-being and prosperity. Community-led initiatives like school recycling competition schemes in Lewes, UK increased recycling rates. The document advocates combining formal and informal knowledge and blurring boundaries between educators, services, and civil society to build prosperous communities.
Beyond GDP: Measuring well-being and progress of NationsKübra Bayram
Everyone aspires to a good life. But what does a "good" (or better) life mean? In recent years, concerns have emerged that standard macro-economic statistics, such as GDP, which for a long time had been used as proxies to measure well-being, failed to give a true account of people’s current and future living conditions. The ongoing financial and economic crisis has reinforced this perception and it is now widely recognized that data on GDP provide only a partial perspective on the broad range of factors that matter to people’s lives.
Well-being Analytics for Policy Use in Italy, Michele CecchiniStatsCommunications
Well-being Analytics for Policy Use in Italy: Incorporating Equitable and Sustainable Well-being Indicators in Policy and Budget Decision-making, Virtual conference, 30 May 2022, More information at: https://www.oecd.org/wise/events/Well-being-Analytics-for-Policy-Use-in-Italy-30-May-2022-Agenda.pdf
Asset-Centered Redistributive Policies for Sustainable Developmentpkconference
This document proposes an asset-centered approach to redistributive policies that focuses on stocks of income-generating assets like human capital, wealth, and natural resources. It argues that unequal distribution of these assets contributes to economic inequity and unsustainable development. The document outlines trends showing rising inequality and declining impact of redistribution. It then recommends policies like modernizing tax systems, taxing wealth and environmental externalities, investing in human capital, and international cooperation to promote more progressive redistribution of assets and sustainable development.
Similar to Limitations of GDP as an indicator of social progress and growth (20)
This document provides an introduction to a course on calibration of weights in surveys with nonresponse and frame imperfections. The course aims to study calibration as a general method for estimation in surveys with a focus on problems caused by nonresponse. Nonresponse is a normal but undesirable feature of surveys that causes bias in estimates. The course will discuss approaches to estimation that aim to reduce both bias due to nonresponse and variance. Key concepts that will be covered include sampling design, probability sampling, study variables, auxiliary variables, and ideal versus real-world survey conditions.
In the last two decades, Web or Internet surveys have had a profound impact on the survey
world. The change has been felt mostly strongly in the market research sector, with many
companies switching from telephone surveys or other modes of data collection to online surveys.
The academic and public policy/social attitude sectors were a little slower to adopt, being more
careful about evaluating the effect of the change on key surveys and trends, and conducting
research on how best to design and implement Web surveys. The public sector (i.e., government
statistical offices) has been the slowest to embrace Web surveys, in part because the stakes are
much higher, both in terms of the precision requirements of the estimates and in terms of the
public scrutiny of such data. However, National Statistical Offices (NSOs) are heavily engaged
in research and development with regard to Web surveys, mostly notably as part of a mixedmode
data collection strategy, or in the establishment survey world, where repeated measurement
and quick turnaround are the norm. Along with the uneven progress in the adoption of Web
surveys has come a number of concerns about the method, particularly with regard to the
representational or inferential aspects of Web surveys. At the same time, a great deal of research
has been conducted on the measurement side of Web surveys, developing ways to improve the
quality of data collected using this medium.
This seminar focuses on these two key elements of Web surveys — inferential issues and
measurement issues. Each of these broad areas will be covered in turn in the following sections.
The inferential section is largely concerned with methods of sampling for Web surveys, and the
associated coverage and nonresponse issues. Different ways in which samples are drawn, using
both non-probability and probability-based approaches, are discussed. The assumptions behind
the different approaches to inference in Web surveys, the benefits and risks inherent in the
different approaches, and the appropriate use of particular approaches to sample selection in Web
surveys, are reviewed. The following section then addresses a variety of issues related to the
design of Web survey instruments, with a review of the empirical literature and practical
recommendations for design to minimize measurement error.
Este documento presenta un seminario internacional de estadística organizado por EUSTAT en 2010. El seminario trata sobre el muestreo equilibrado eficiente mediante el método del cubo, presentado por Yves Tillé de la Universidad de Neuchâtel. El documento incluye la presentación de Tillé con secciones sobre población, diseño muestral, estimación, muestreo simple, estratificación y muestreo con probabilidades desiguales.
Este documento presenta el primer Panorama de la Salud en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco en 2008. El Panorama de la Salud tiene como objetivo proporcionar una visión integral del estado de salud en la región, compilando datos estadísticos de varias fuentes. Se estructura en cinco capítulos que cubren el contexto socioeconómico, los determinantes no médicos de la salud, el estado de salud, el sistema de salud y una comparación internacional. Algunos hallazgos clave incluyen que la población de
El documento resume los principales cambios en el mercado laboral español durante el período 2007-2009 debido a la crisis económica, incluida una caída general de la ocupación, especialmente en la industria. La ocupación autónoma disminuyó un 17,8% desde 1997, y su peso en la ocupación total cayó del 15,1% al 9,9%. El desempleo aumentó en todas las regiones, especialmente entre los hombres y los extranjeros, y el desempleo de larga duración también creció.
Kasu honetan, Euskal AEko Industriaren Panoramikak euskal industri sektorearen ahalik eta panoramika zabalena eta
konparatuena eman nahi du ikuspegi ezberdinetatik; horretarako, batez ere Eustatek egindako estatistiketako azken
datuak erabili ditu oinarritzat.
La Panorámica Industrial de la C.A. de Euskadi pretende ofrecer, desde distintos enfoques, una visión lo más completa
posible y comparada del sector industrial vasco, a partir de los últimos datos recogidos por las distintas estadísticas realizadas
fundamentalmente por Eustat.
Euskal Estatistika Erakundea (Eustat), 80ko hamarkadatik ari da burutzen zenbait estatistika-eragiketa
non lortzen baita informazioa Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko biztanleria taxutzen duten gertakari
demografikoen eta adin eta sexu egituren gainean: Jaiotzen Estatistika, Heriotzen Estatistika eta
Migrazio-mugimenduen Estatistika.
El Euskal Estatitistka Erakundea/Instituto Vasco de Estadística (Eustat) viene realizando desde los
años 80 una serie de operaciones estadísticas en las que se obtiene información sobre los
fenómenos demográficos que determinan la población de la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi y la
estructura de edad y sexo: la Estadística de Nacimientos, la Estadística de Defunciones y la
Estadística de Movimientos Migratorios.
Eustat es el organismo público encargado de recoger, analizar y difundir la información estadística oficial de la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi. Mantiene una estricta independencia profesional del gobierno vasco en el proceso de producción y difusión de estadísticas. Su misión es proporcionar información estadística de calidad a las administraciones, agentes sociales y ciudadanos, orientándose a satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. Limits of GDP as Indicator of Economic Growth and Social progress Communication on GDP and beyond: Measuring progress in a changing world Recommendation of Stiglitz-Sen-Fidoussi commission