This document discusses different types and methods of lighting. It describes natural light sources like sunlight and artificial sources like incandescent, fluorescent, and halogen lamps. Different lighting methods are direct, indirect, and diffuse lighting using fixtures that can be architectural like cove lighting or non-architectural like portable lamps. Good lighting considers utilizing daylight, energy efficiency, durability, maintenance, and providing appropriate illumination for different areas. Lux and lumen are units used to measure light intensity and total light output. The relationship between them determines how many lumens are needed based on the area to be illuminated. The document concludes with assigning a lighting plan for entrance areas, restaurants, and guest rooms.
i am from final year of IHM CHENNAI.This ppt will help for hotel management students @ 3rd year
this in one of the topic from 5th semester. This i made for my 5th semester housekeeping.
i am from final year of IHM CHENNAI.This ppt will help for hotel management students @ 3rd year
this in one of the topic from 5th semester. This i made for my 5th semester housekeeping.
Meaning Applications & Types of LED Downlights- Soffit Lighting.pdfyamunaNMH
A common form of lighting fixture used in both home and business settings are downlights. These are elegant lighting options that offer a touch of style to any space. These fixtures, which are often ceiling-mounted, emit a focused, directional beam of light that can be utilised for both general & accent lighting.
This presentation explains different types of landscape lighting used for architectural purposes. This can help design and architecture students to study.
Vishal kumar ,B.Sc-ID+ 2 Year Residential & Commercial Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing His Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme www.dezyneecole.com
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Meaning Applications & Types of LED Downlights- Soffit Lighting.pdfyamunaNMH
A common form of lighting fixture used in both home and business settings are downlights. These are elegant lighting options that offer a touch of style to any space. These fixtures, which are often ceiling-mounted, emit a focused, directional beam of light that can be utilised for both general & accent lighting.
This presentation explains different types of landscape lighting used for architectural purposes. This can help design and architecture students to study.
Vishal kumar ,B.Sc-ID+ 2 Year Residential & Commercial Design Diplomadezyneecole
This Project has been Developed by the Student of Dezyne E'cole College Doing His Interior Design Studies Bachelor Degree Programme + 2Yr Residential & Commercial Design Diploma Programme www.dezyneecole.com
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
lighting-150123085307-conversion-gate02.pptx
1. LIGHTING
Lighting is a form of energy without which
there can be no vision. When light strikes an
object, It may be reflected, absorbed or
allowed to pass through.
3. NATURAL LIGHT
The bright radiant
energy of the sun,
daylight, is a major
determining factor
in the design of
hotel guestrooms
and homes,
especially where
large wall areas
have been
decorated with
glass.
5. INCANDESCENT / FILAMENT
Here light is produced
by heating any
material, usually metal
to a temperature at
which it glows. Typical
incandescent bulbs
have tungsten filament
in a sealed glass
container. Many gas
filled and halogen
lamps with halogen
mixed gas filling are
also available.
7. FLUORESCENT / DISCHARGE
Fluorescent tubes are
cold (not produced by
heat) source of light. A
glass tube with inside
coating of fluorescent
powder is filled with
vaporized mercury and
argon. They ends are then
sealed with cathodes.
When electric current
activates the gases in it,
invisible UV rays cause
the fluorescent coating to
produce visible light.
8. DIRECT LIGHTING
This kind of light
comes from the
sources such as
ceiling fixtures or
luminous ceiling
that shed light
downward, or from
lamps with
translucent shades
spreading light in
all directions
9. INDIRECT LIGHTING
This is usually from
concealed sources in
alcoves, cornices, or
valances. It may also
come from a lamp with
an opaque shade open
only at the top – light is
then thrown against the
ceiling or washes against
the wall and is reflected
back into the room. It is
soften than the direct
lighting, but often more
costly in both installation
and operation.
10. DIFFUSED LIGHTING
When light fitting
are completely
enclosed or
concealed, as with
some globes and
ceiling panels, the
light is diffused since
it passes through the
glass or plastic.
Diffused lighting is
also glare- free and
produces a flat
appearance.
11. SEMI-INDIRECT LIGHTING
It is possible to have
some light passing
through a diffusing
bowl and some
reflecting off the
ceiling where the
fixture is open on
top.
12. TYPES OF LIGHT
FUNCTION BASED CLASSIFICATION
•
•
• GENERAL OR AREA
LIGHTING
LOCAL OR SPECIFIC
LIGHTING
SAFETY LIGHTING
13. GENERAL OR AREA LIGHTING
This illuminates the
room more or less
uniformly. It brings
the design and colours
of the whole space to
equal attention. It
minimizes the
bulkiness of furniture,
the darkness of
shadows, and harsh
contrasts.
14. LOCAL OR SPECIFIC LIGHTING
Specific activities
at specific
locations need
specific lighting.
Local lighting can
be provided by
lamps at strategic
points. This
lighting may be
either by way of
task lighting or
accent lighting.
15. SAFETY LIGHTING
As the name
suggests this
type of bright
lighting is used
for safety
reasons in areas
such as
stairways, along
corridors
swimming pools
and by way of
emergency
lighting
18. VALANCE LIGHTING
A horizontal
fluorescent tube is
placed behind a
valance boards,
casting light upward
so that it reflects off
the ceiling and also
downwards to shine
on the drapery, thus
producing both direct
and indirect lighting.
19. CORNICE LIGHTING
A cornice is
installed under the
ceiling, with a
fixture hidden
beneath so as to
direct light
downwards only.
This can give a
dramatic effect on
drapery, pictures
and wall coverings.
20. COVE LIGHTING
This consists of
placing continuous
series of fluorescent
tubes in a groove
along one or more
walls of a room,
about 12 inches from
the ceiling. The light
reflects off the ceiling
and bathes the room
in indirect light.
21. TRACK LIGHTING
Track lighting consists of
lamps fixed to the ceiling
or wall in an array to offer
great variety. One strip
often holds spot light,
floodlights, and even
hanging fixtures that may
be turned around to follow
furniture placement. The
tracks can themselves be
movable as well, for still
more flexible
arrangements.
22. SOFFIT LIGHTING
This refers to
built in light
source under a
panel. It may be
fixed to a ceiling
or under a
cabinet. Soffit
lighting is often
used over a sink
or other work
areas.
24. CEILING FIXTURE
These are recessed
into the ceiling or
set flush with it.
They may soften
light of diffuse.
Some may be in
form of soft
luminous panels
that illuminates
large areas evenly.
25. WALL FIXTURE
These remain out
of the way and
free table and
desk surfaces for
other things. At
the same time,
they give direct
light where it is
needed.
26. PORTABLE LAMPS
Floor and table
lamps can be
moved when
and where
needed. They
also act as
decorative
accessories.
27. CONSIDERATIONS FOR GOOD LIGHTING
• Utilize potential day light
when available
Energy efficient
Good design and
durability
Ease of replacement of
fixture and bulb
Easy to maintain
Proportionate area-light
ratio
•
•
•
•
•
28. LUX
Lux is a
standardized unit of
measurement of
the light intensity
(which can also be
called “illuminance”
or “illumination”)
29. LUMEN
The lumen is a
standardized unit of
measurement of
the total amount of
light that is produced
by a light source, such
as a bulb or tube.
31. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LUX & LUMEN
One Lux is defined as
being equivalent to one
lumen spread over an
area of one square
metre, or to put it
another way – a
measurement of lux
(light intensity) tells you
how many lumens (total
light output) you need
given the area you are
trying to illuminate.