2. LIGHTI
NG
Light is a form of energy without
which there can be no vision. When
light strikes an object, It may be
reflected, absorbed or allowed to
pass through.
3. TYPES OF
LIGHT
[ON THE BASIS OF SOURCES]
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
INCANDESCENT
/ FILAMENT
FLUORESCENT
/ DISCHARGE LED
4. NATURAL
LIGHT
The bright radiant
energy of the sun,
daylight, is a major
determining factor in
the design of hotel
guestrooms and
homes, especially
where large wall areas
have been decorated
with glass.
5. ARTIFICIAL
LIGHT
Artificial Lighting Is
Lighting Which Is Man
Made, Such As
Fluorescent, Tungsten,
Mercury Vapor, Sodium
Vapor, Halogen, Compact
Fluorescent, Et Cetera. It
Can Be Turned On And
Off At A Flick Of A
Switch.
6. INCANDESCEN
T / FILAMENT
Light is produced by
heating any material,
usually metal to a
temperature at which
it glows. Typical
incandescent bulbs
have tungsten
filament in a sealed
glass container. Many
gas filled and halogen
lamps with halogen
mixed gas filling are
also available.
7. FLUORESCEN
T /
DISCHARGE
A glass tube with inside
coating of fluorescent
powder is filled with
vaporized mercury and
argon. The ends are then
sealed with cathodes.
When electric current
activates the gases in it,
invisible UV rays cause
the fluorescent coating to
produce visible light.
8. LED
LAMP
LEDs are very small in
size, consume very little
power, and are able to
produce extremely high
light intensity outputs.
10. DIRECT
LIGHTING
This kind of light
comes from the
sources such as
ceiling fixtures or
luminous ceiling that
shed light downward,
or from lamps with
translucent shades
spreading light in all
directions
11. INDIRECT
LIGHTING
Lighting in which
the light emitted by a source
is diffusely reflected . It may
also come from a lamp with
an opaque shade open only
at the top. Light is then
thrown against the ceiling
or washes against the wall
and is reflected back into
the room . It is softer than
direct lighting, but often
more costly in both
installation and operation.
12. DIFFUSED
LIGHTING
When light fittings are
completely enclosed or
concealed, as with
some globes and ceiling
panels, the light is
diffused since it passes
through the glass or
plastic. Diffused
lighting is also glare-
free and produces a flat
appearance.
13. SEMI-INDIRECT
LIGHTING
It is possible to have some
light passing through a
diffusing bowl and some
reflecting off the ceiling
where the fixture is open on
top.
16. VALANCE
LIGHTING
A method of indirect
lighting, by
concealing th e
fixture behind a
suspen ded valance,
whereby th e light
can be directed up
ward or downward.
The panel parallel to
the wall at the top of
the window.
17. CORNICE
LIGHTING
A cornice is installed
under the ceiling,
with a fixture hidden
beneath so as to
direct light
downwards only.
This can give a
dramatic effect on
drapery, pictures and
wall coverings.
18. COVE
LIGHTING
This consists of
placing continuous
series of fluorescent
tubes in a groove
along one or more
walls of a room,
about 12 inches from
the ceiling. The light
reflects off the ceiling
and bathes the room
in indirect light.
19. TRACK
LIGHTING
Track lighting consists of
lamps fixed to the ceiling
or wall in an array to
offer great variety. One
strip often holds spot
light, floodlights, and
even hanging fixtures
that may be turned
around to follow
furniture placement. The
tracks can themselves be
movable as well for even
more flexible
arrangements.
20. SOFFIT
LIGHTING
This refers to built in
light source under a
panel. It may be
fixed to a ceiling or
under a cabinet.
Soffit lighting is
often used over a
sink or other work
areas.
22. CEILING
FIXTURES
The definition of a
troffer is a long
recessed
light fixture,
especially on in the
ceiling or for a
fluorescent light.
EXAMPLE
A troffer is a
fluorescent light
fixture recessed in
the ceiling.
24. WALL
FIXTURE
These remain out of
the way and free
table and desk
surfaces for other
things. At the same
time, they give direct
light where it is
needed.
EXAMPLE
Fancy lights.
27. SAFETY
LIGHTING
As the name
suggests this type
of bright lighting is
used for safety
reasons in areas
such as stairways,
along corridors
swimming pools
and by way of
emergency lighting
28. Light Fittings should
be:-
Well positioned
Emit light in direction &
quantity required
Pleasant- lit & unlit
Well made, durable
Mechanically sound &
electrically safe
Not prone to overheating
Easily cleaned
