This slide will explain about the formula that used in Physic SPM for chapter light and wave. There also have simplest way to memorize the formula in easier and creative way. Hope this slide can help all SPM candidates to strive A+ for examination soon. Thank you and good luck.

1. LIGHT &WAVE FORMULA

2. IMPORTANT
FORMULA OF LIGHT

3. REFLECTION OF
LIGHT
Type of mirror
Plane mirror Concex mirror Concave mirror

4. REFLECTION OF PLANE MIRROR
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
Ray Diagram

5. CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANE MIRROR IMAGE
Virtual
Distance of object from mirror = Distance of image from mirror
Upright
SAME SIZE Literally inverted

6. REFLECTION OF CONVEX MIRROR IMAGE
Upright
Virtual
Diminished
ALWAYS

7. REFLECTION OF CONCAVE MIRROR IMAGE

8. SIMPLEST FORMULA OF CONCAVE MIRROR
IMAGE
U= Distance of OBJECT from
mirror
Size of image
U>C = Diminished
U=C = Same size
U<C = Magnified
Position of image
U>F = Inverted + Real
U<F = Upright + Virtual
Same size
MagnifiedDiminished
Upright +
Virtual
Inverted + Real
IF the object
located at the
coloured region,
the image will
follow the
properties given.

9. REFRACTION OF LIGHT
Refraction is the bending of a light ray at the boundary of two medium as
the light ray propagates from a medium to another with difference optical
density.

10. REFRACTION FORMULA
1. Snell’s Law
n = REFRACTIVE INDEX

11. 2. Light velocity
REFRACTION FORMULA

12. 3.Water Depth
REFRACTION FORMULA

13. REFRACTION FORMULA
4. Critical Angle
90°
The critical angle is the angle of incident in an optically denser
medium for which the angle of refraction is 90°.

14. TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Normal
refraction
90° angle of
refraction
Total Internal
Reflection
Only occur when light travel from higher refractive index medium, n1 to lower refractive index
medium, n2. (n1>n2)

15. LENSES
CONVEX LENSE CONCAVE LENSE

16. IMPORTANT FORMULA OF
LENSES
Lens Power of the Lens
Converging (Convex) Positive
Diverging (Concave) Negative
Thick, with short focal length. High
Thin, with long focal length. Low
Lens power formula

17. IMPORTANT FORMULA OF
LENSES
Positive Negative
u Real object Virtual object
v Real image Virtual image
f Convex lens Concave lens
Lens equation
Linear Magnification Formula

18. CHARACTERISTIC OF CONCAVE LENS IMAGE
ALWAYS
Virtual
Upright

19. CHARACTERISTIC OF CONVEX LENS IMAGE

20. SIMPLEST FORMULA OF CONVEX LENS IMAGE
U= Distance of OBJECT from
mirror
Size of image
U>2F = Diminished
U=2F = Same size
U<2F = Magnified
Position of image
U>F = Inverted + Real
U<F = Upright + Virtual
Upright +
Virtual
Same size
Magnified
IF the object
located at the
coloured region,
the image will
follow the
properties given.
Diminished
Inverted + Real

21. IMPORTANT FORMULA
IN WAVE

22. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
FORMULA OF WAVE GRAPH

23. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
REFLECTION FORMULA
• I = r
• Same frequency
• Same wavelength
• Same amplitude
• Changed direction
Wave front changes
depends on the shape
of reflector

24. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
REFRACTION FORMULA
• Same frequency
• Same amplitude
• Changed velocity
• Changed wavelength
• Changed direction
Water
Wave
Lights
Sound Wave

25. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
DIFFRACTION FORMULA
• a > λ= less obvious
• a < λ = very obvious
• Same frequency
• Amplitude decreased
• Same velocity
• Same wavelength
Water wave
Light wave
Sound wave

26. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
INTERFERENCE FORMULA

27. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
INTERFERENS EXPERIMENT Sound wave
Light wave
Water wave

28. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
SOUND WAVE PROPERTIES

29. IMPORTANT FORMULA IN WAVE
Acronym Formula
Radio
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible
Light
Non-ionizing radiation
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma

30. THANK YOU
CREDITED BY:
@radin_misbah