The document discusses lifestyle diseases, defined as chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) influenced by factors like genetics and behavior, which pose significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Major lifestyle diseases include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, with rising prevalence and mortality rates, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Prevention strategies focus on modifying risk factors through lifestyle changes, national programs, and improved healthcare infrastructure to combat these diseases.

1. LIFESTYLE DISEASES
PRESENTOR- DR SHIVANI S BANDEKAR
GUIDE- DR SUDESH V GANDHAM
MD PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE
R.C.S.M. Govt Medical college
KOLHAPUR, MAHARASHTRA
1

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Characteristics of lifestyle diseases
 List of lifestyle diseases
 The problem
 Socioeconomic impact
 Epidemiological transition ratio
 Risk factors
 Common lifestyle diseases
 Prevention and control
 National programmes
 Newer advancements
2

3. INTRODUCTION
 WHAT ARE LIFESTYLE DISEASES?
 NCDs are chronic in nature and cannot be communicated from one
person to another. They are a result of a combination of factors
including genetics, physiology, environment and behaviors.
 Internationally they are known as non-communicable and chronic
diseases, part of the degenerative diseases group. Chronic disease can
result in loss of independence, years of disability, or death, and
impose a considerable economic burden on health services.
3

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
 Complex etiology
 Multiple risk factors
 Long latency period
 Non-contagious origin
 Prolonged course of illness
 Indefinite onset
 Functional impairment or disability
4

5. MAJOR LIFESTYLE DISEASES
 Cardiovascular diseases
 Cancer
 Chronic respiratory diseases
 Diabetes
 Obesity
5

6. OTHER LIFESTYLE DISEASES
 Blindness
 Oral diseases
 Accidents and injuries
 Mental
 Musculoskeletal
6

7. THE PROBLEM DUE TO
NCDs IN THE WORLD
• A total of 55.4 million deaths
worldwide during 2019
• 41 million deaths – NCDs
• Significant morbidity and mortality
7

8. PROBLEM continued..
 Leading cause –
• cardiovascular diseases(17.9 million)
• cancers(9.3 million)
• respiratory diseases(4.1 million)
• diabetes(2.0 million)
8

9. 9

10. 10

11. PROBLEM DUE TO NCDs IN INDIA
 India shares more than two thirds of the total deaths due to
NCDs in the SEAR of WHO.
 Considerable loss in potentially productive years (35 to 64
years) of life
11

12. 12

13. THE BURDEN OF NCDs
BY 2030
13

14. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT
 NCDs threaten progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
 Poverty is closely linked with NCDs
 In low-resource settings, health-care costs for NCDs quickly drain household
resources.
14

15. 15

16. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION
RATIO
• Ratio of DALYs caused by CMNNDs (Communicable, Maternal, Neonatal and
Nutritional Diseases) to those caused by NCDs and injuries.
• >1 indicates higher burden of CMNNDs (1990)
• <1 indicates higher burden of NCDs and injuries (2016)
16

17. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION LEVELS
 Four Epidemiological transition levels
1. Lowest ETL- 0.56-0.75
2. Lower middle ETL- 0.41-0.55
3. Higher middle ETL- 0.31-0.40
4. Highest ETL- less than 0.30
17

18. RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
 MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
 Tobacco
 Stress
 Insufficient physical activity
 Harmful use of alcohol
 Unhealthy diet
18

19. RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
continued..
 Raised blood pressure
 Overweight and obesity
 Raised cholesterol
 Cancer associated infections
 Environmental risk factors
19

20. RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES continued..
NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
 Age
 Sex
 Family history
 Genetic factors
 Personality
20

21. TOBACCO
 Almost 8 million people die from tobacco use each year, both
from direct tobacco use and second hand smoke. 6 lakh deaths
are caused by second hand smoke, of which 1.7 lakh are
children.
 Smoking is estimated to cause about 71% of lung cancer, 42%
chronic respiratory diseases and 10% of cardiovascular diseases.
21

22. TOBACCO
 Incidence of smoking is high in lower middle income countries
 Prevalence of smoking in total population is highest in upper
middle income countries.
22

23. INSUFFICIENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 Up to 5 million deaths a year could be averted if the global
population was physically more active. People who are insufficiently
active have a 20 to 30 % increased risk of death compared to
sufficiently active people.
23

24. INSUFFICIENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 Globally, 1 in 4 adults do not meet the global recommended
levels of physical activity.
 More than 80% of the world’s adolescent population is
insufficiently active.
24

25. RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE
 Raised blood pressure is estimated to cause 9.4 million deaths,
about 12.8% of all deaths. It is a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease.
 Number of people living with hypertension has doubled
between 1990 and 2019, from 650 million to 1.3 billion.
25

26. ALCOHOL
 Alcohol is accounting for 5.9% of all deaths in the world and
5.1% DALYs were attributed to alcoholism. Approximately 3.3
million people die due to the harmful use of alcohol.
 Alcohol is a toxic, psychoactive, dependence –producing
substance and has been classified as a group 1 carcinogen
26

27. UNHEALTHY DIET
 Most populations consume higher levels of salt, free sugars,
saturated fats and trans fatty acids.
 High salt consumption is an important determinant of high
Blood Pressure and cardiovascular risk.
 1.8 million deaths from CVD causes have been attributed to
excess salt/sodium intake.
27

28. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY
 At least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being
overweight or obese. Risks of heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
certain cancers increase steadily with increase in BMI.
 The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled
between 1975 and 2016.
28

29. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY continued..
 Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity,
premature deaths and disability in adulthood, experiencing
breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures, HTN, CVDs,
insulin resistance and psychological effects.
29

30. RAISED CHOLESTEROL
 Raised cholesterol is estimated to cause 2.6million deaths
annually, which increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.
30

31. CANCER ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
 At least 2 million cancer cases per year are attributable to a
few specific chronic infections, the agents being, HPV, HBV,
HCV, H .Pylori
31

32. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
 Occupational hazards, air and water pollution, and possession
of destructive weapons in case of injuries contribute to
environmental risk factors.
32

33. 33

34. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISAESE
34

35. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
 Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels
and include:
1. Ischemic heart disease
2. Hypertension
3. Stroke
4. Peripheral arterial disease
5. Congenital heart disease
35

36. CVDs
 CVDs are the number 1 cause of death globally and account for
more than 17 million deaths per year. The number is estimated
to rise by 2030 to more than 23 million a year.
 An estimated 2.59 million people died of CVDs in India during
2016. India suffers the highest loss of potentially productive
years of life due to deaths from CVD in people aged 35 to 64
years.
36

37. 37

38. CVDs
 82% of world’s death from CVDs occur in low and middle
income countries where people do not have the benefit of
integrated primary heath care programs for early
detection and treatment of risk factors.
38

39. 39

40. PREVENTION SPECIFIC TO CVDs
 Screening of CVDs in
• Age above 30 years
• Family h/o HTN
• h/o other co-morbidities
 Recommendations-
• Adopt DASH diet
• Dietary sodium reduction to no more than 100mEq/day(2.4g of
sodium or 6g of sodium chloride)
• Stop smoking, moderation of alcohol consumption, physical
activity.
• Routine BP monitoring 40

41. CANCER
41

42. CANCER
 Cancer may be regarded as a group of diseases characterized by
1. Abnormal growth of cells
2. Ability to invade adjacent tissues and distant organs
3. Eventual death of the affected patient
42

43. CANCER
 In 2020, the global burden of cancer rose to an estimated 19.29
million new cases with 9.95 million deaths.
 Most common cancer diagnosed were breast Ca, lung Ca,
prostate Ca, colon Ca and stomach Ca and the most common
cause of death due to cancer was lung Ca, liver Ca, stomach Ca
and breast Ca.
43

44. 44

45. 45

46. CANCER
 In India, in the year 2020, the number of prevalent cases was
about 27 lakh, new cases were about 13 lakh, and the number
of deaths were 8.5 lakh.
46

47. CANCER
 Cancer in males were mostly tobacco related and in women, cervical cancer is
closely related to poor genital hygiene, early consummation of marriage,
multiple pregnancies, and multiple sexual partners.
 Breast cancer is also proportionately on the increase , which is related to late
marriage, birth of 1st child at late age, fewer children and shorter periods of
breast feeding.
47

48. PRIMARY PREVENTION SPECIFIC TO CANCER
1. getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B
2. avoiding ultraviolet radiation exposure
3. ensuring safe and appropriate use of radiation in health care
4. minimizing occupational exposure to ionizing radiation
5. Treatment of precancerous lesions like cervical tear, intestinal polyposis,
warts, chronic gastritis, chronic cervicitis etc.
6. Cancer education directed to high risk groups.
48

49.  Early warning signs (danger signals) of cancer.
1. Lump in breast
2. Change in wart or mole
3. Persistent change in digestive and bowel habits
4. Persistent cough or hoarseness
5. Abnormal menstrual bleeding
6. Blood loss from any natural orifice
7. Unexplained weight loss
49

50. DIABETES MELLITUS
50

51. DIABETES MELLITUS
 Diabetes describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized
and identified by the presence of hyperglycemia having
heterogenous aetio-pathology including defects in insulin
secretion, disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein
metabolism.
51

52. DIABETES MELLITUS
 The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in
1980 to 422 million in 2014. Prevalence has been rising more
rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-
income countries.
52

53. 53

54. DIABETES MELLITUS
 Between 2000 and 2019, there was a 3% increase in diabetes
mortality rates by age.
 In 2019, diabetes caused an estimated 2 million deaths.
54

55. DIABETES MELLITUS
 The population of India has an increased susceptibility to diabetes
mellitus.
 India is a home for 77 million diabetics. The govt of India and
diabetic retinopathy survey 2019 found 11.8% prevalence of
diabetes in India. Males showed prevalence of 12% and females
showed 11.7%
 The prevalence was higher in urban areas ranging between 10.9% to
14.2% and in rural areas it was ranging between 3.0% to 7.8 %.
55

56. 56

57. 57

58.  SCREENING OF DIABETES
i. Age 40 and above
ii. Family h/o diabetes
iii. Women who have had baby weighing >4.5kgs
iv. Excess weight gain during pregnancy
v. Premature atherosclerosis
 Routine Urine examination
 Routine Blood sugar testing
58

59. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY
DISEASE
59

60. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung
disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. It is
sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third
leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths
in 2019.
60

61. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
 COPD is the seventh leading cause of poor health worldwide.
 Tobacco smoking accounts for over 70% of COPD cases in high-
income countries. In LMIC tobacco smoking accounts for 30–40%
of COPD cases, and household air pollution is a major risk
factor.
61

62. SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES OF COPD
62

63. PREVENTION SPECIFIC TO CHRONIC
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
 Avoid smoking
 Staying away from second-hand smoke
 Avoid indoor/outdoor air pollution, and wear masks.
63

64. OBESITY
64

65. OBESITY
 Obesity is defined as abnormal growth of the adipose tissue due
to an enlargement of fat cell size or an increase in fat cell
number or a combination of both.
 It is often expressed in terms of BMI. A body mass index (BMI)
over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese.
65

66. OBESITY
 It is primarily caused by reduced levels of physical activity,
rather than changes in food intake or by other factors.
 Overweight and obesity are the 5th leading risk of global deaths.
66

67. OBESITY
 From 1975 to 2016, the prevalence of overweight or obese
children and adolescents aged 5–19 years increased more than
four-fold from 4% to 18% globally.
67

68. OBESITY PREVALENCE
 In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, of which
650 million were obese.
 Almost 4 million people die each year as a result of being
overweight or obese.
68

69. 69

70. OBESITY PREVALENCE
 In 2019, more than 38.2 million children under 5 years of age
were overweight.
 Around 30 million overweight children are living in developing
countries, and 10 million children are living in developed
countries.
70

71. DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION
71

72. 72

73. 73

74. 44% diabetes, 23% IHD and 7 to 41% of certain cancers are
attributable to overweight and obesity
74

75. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF LIFESTYLE
DISEASES
 Preventing these diseases will require changes in behaviors
related to smoking, physical activity, diet, investments in
education, food policies, and urban physical infrastructure are
needed to support and encourage these changes.
75

76. Interventions to be undertaken
 Banning smoking in public places, warning about the dangers of
tobacco use, enforcing bans of tobacco advertising, promotion
and sponsorships while rising the taxes on tobacco.
 Restricting access to retailed alcohol, enforcing bans on alcohol
advertising and rising the taxes.
 Replacing trans-fat in food with PUF fat
 Reducing salt content in foods
 Promoting public awareness about diet and physical activity,
through mass media
76

77. Population wide interventions that can reduce risk
factors for NCDs.
 Nicotine dependence treatment
 Enforcing drinking-driving laws
 Restrictions on marketing of foods and beverages high in salt, fat and sugar
 Food taxes and subsidies to promote healthy diet
 Healthy nutrition environment in schools
 National physical activity guidelines
 Nutritional information and counselling in health care.
77

78. HEALTHY DIET
 Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk
for CVDs, stomach cancer and colorectal cancer.
 Fat intake, especially saturated fat and industrially produced
trans fat can be reduced by
• Steaming, boiling instead of frying
• Replacing butter, ghee, lard with oils rich in PUFs such as
soyabean, canola, corn, safflower and sunflower oils.
• Avoiding dairy products and trimming visible fats from meat.
• Limiting baked, fried, pre-packaged snacks.
78

79. 79

80. HEALTHY DIET continued..
 The intake of free sugars should be reduced to <10% of total
energy intake. A reduction to less than 5% of total energy intake
will provide additional health benefits.
 Sugar intake can be reduced by
• Limiting the foods and drinks containing high amount of sugars
like sugary snacks, candies, beverages containing free sugars.
• Eating fresh fruits and raw vegetables as snacks instead of
sugary snacks.
80

81. 81

82. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 WHO defines physical activity as any bodily movement
produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.
 It has significant health benefits for heart, body and mind.
 It contributes in preventing and managing CVDs, cancer and
diabetes, reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety, it
enhances thinking, learning and judgment skills, it ensures
healthy growth and development in young and ensures overall
well-being. 82

83. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY continued..
 People living with chronic conditions should do at least 150-300
minutes of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity or 75-
150 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity
throughout the week.
83

84. 84

85. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY continued..
 They should also do muscle strengthening activities at
moderate or greater intensity that involves all major muscle
groups on 2 or more days a week.
 Older adults should do varied multicomponent physical
activities and strength training on 3 or more days a week that
emphasizes functional balance and enhances functional
capacity and prevent falls.
 They should limit the amount of time spent being sedentary and
replace it with physical activity of any intensity . 85

86. 86

87. NPCDCS
 In order to prevent and control major NCDs, the National
Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes,
Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) was launched in
2010 with focus on strengthening infrastructure, human
resource development, health promotion, early diagnosis,
management and referral.
 NCD Cells are being established at National, State and District
levels for programme management, and NCD Clinics are being
set up at District and CHC levels. 87

88. NPCDCS
 During the period 2010-2012, the programme was implemented
in 100 districts across 21 States.
 The modified strategies are as follows:
• Health promotion through behavior change with involvement of
community, civil society, community based organizations, media
etc.
• Outreach Camps -for opportunistic screening at all levels from
sub-centre and above for early detection of diabetes,
hypertension and common cancers.
88

89. NPCDCS
• Management of chronic Non-Communicable diseases through
early diagnosis, treatment and follow up through setting up of
NCD clinics.
• Build capacity at various levels of health care.
• Provide support for diagnosis and cost effective treatment at
primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health care.
• Provide support for development of database of NCDs through a
robust Surveillance System and to monitor NCD morbidity,
mortality and risk factors. 89

90. NPCDCS
 Total cost of the programme for period 2012-2017 is Rs. 8,096
crore
 For the Cancer component, there is the Tertiary Care Cancer
Centers (TCCC) scheme, which aims at setting up/strengthening
of 20 State Cancer Institutes (SCI) and 50 TCCCs for providing
comprehensive cancer care in the country.
90

91. NPCDCS
 Under the scheme there is provision for giving a ‘one time
grant’ of Rs. 120 crore per SCI and Rs. 45 crore per TCCC, to be
used for building construction and procurement of equipment,
with the Centre to State share in the ratio of 60:40 (except for
North-Eastern and Hilly States, where the share is 90:10).
91

92. RECENT INITIATIVES UNDER NPCDCS
 Inclusion of guidelines for prevention and management of
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD) under NPCDCS
 initiating “Population-based Screening of common NCDs” for
early detection of Diabetes, Hypertension and common Cancers
in the community
92

93. NPCDCS
 Integration of AYUSH with NPCDCS, wherein the practice of Yoga
is an integral part of the intervention.
 Pilot intervention has been initiated for the prevention and
control of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease under
the platforms of NPCDCS and RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya
Karyakram).
93

94. NPCDCS
 Integration of RNTCP with NPCDCS, wherein the “National
Framework for Joint Tuberculosis-Diabetes collaborative
activities” has been developed to articulate a national strategy
for ‘bi-directional screening’, early detection and better
management of Tuberculosis and Diabetes comorbidities in India
94

95. 95
WHO Global
Action Plan
For
Prevention
And Control
Of NCDs

96. WHO global action plan for prevention
and control of NCDs(2013-2020)
 The Global Action Plan provides Member States, international partners and
WHO with a road map and menu of policy options which, when implemented
collectively between 2013 and 2020, will contribute to progress on 9 global
NCD targets to be attained in 2025, including a 25% relative reduction in
premature mortality from NCDs by 2025.
96

97. Objectives of Global Action Plan
 To raise the priority accorded to the prevention and control of
noncommunicable diseases in global, regional and national
agendas and internationally agreed development goals, through
strengthened international cooperation and advocacy.
 To strengthen national capacity, leadership, governance,
multisectoral action and partnerships to accelerate country
response for the prevention and control of noncommunicable
diseases.
97

98. Objectives continued..
 To reduce modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases
and underlying social determinants through creation of health-
promoting environments.
 To strengthen and orient health systems to address the
prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases and the
underlying social determinants through people-centred primary
health care and universal health coverage.
98

99. Objectives continued..
 To promote and support national capacity for high-quality
research and development for the prevention and control of
noncommunicable diseases.
 To monitor the trends and determinants of noncommunicable
diseases and evaluate progress in their prevention and control.
99

100. The Global Targets
 A 25% relative reduction in risk of premature mortality from
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory
diseases.
 At least 10% relative reduction in the harmful use of alcohol
 A 10% relative reduction in prevalence of insufficient physical
activity.
100

101. The Global Targets continued..
 A 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of
salt/sodium.
 A 30% relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use in
persons aged 15+ years.
 A 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood
pressure or contain the prevalence of raised blood pressure,
according to national circumstances.
 Halt the rise in diabetes and obesity.
101

102. The Global Targets continued..
 At least 50% of eligible people receive drug therapy and
counselling to prevent heart attacks and strokes.
 An 80% availability of the affordable basic technologies and
essential medicines, including generics, required to treat major
noncommunicable diseases in both public and private facilities.
102

103. NATIONAL
TOBACCO
CONTROL
PROGRAMME
103

104. NTCP
 Government of India launched the National Tobacco Control Programme
(NTCP) in the year 2007-08 during the 11th Five-Year-Plan, with the aim to
• Create awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption,
• Reduce the production and supply of tobacco products,
104

105. NTCP
• Ensure effective implementation of the provisions under “The Cigarettes and
Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade
and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003” (COTPA)
• Help the people quit tobacco use.
• Facilitate implementation of strategies for prevention and control of tobacco
advocated by WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control
105

106. NTCP
 The main thrust areas for the NTCP are as under:
• Training of health and social workers, NGOs, school teachers,
and enforcement officers
• Information, education, and communication (IEC) activities
• School programmes
106

107. NTCP
• Monitoring of tobacco control laws
• Coordination with Panchayati Raj Institutions for village level
activities
• Setting-up and strengthening of cessation facilities including
provision of pharmacological treatment facilities at district
level.
107

108. NTCP
 NTCP is implemented through a three-tier structure, i.e.
 National Tobacco Control Cell (NTCC) at Central level
 State Tobacco Control Cell (STCC) at State level &
 District Tobacco Control Cell (DTCC) at District level. There is
also a provision of setting up Tobacco Cessation Services at
District level.
108

109. At National level:
• Public awareness/mass media campaigns for awareness building and
behavioural change
• Establishment of tobacco product testing laboratories.
• Mainstreaming research and training on alternative crops and livelihood with
other nodal Ministries.
• Monitoring and evaluation including surveillance
• Integrating NTCP as a part of health-care delivery mechanism under the
National Health Mission framework. 109

110. State Level:
 Dedicated State Tobacco Control Cells for effective implementation and monitoring of
tobacco control initiatives. The ley activities include
• State Level Advocacy Workshop
• Training of Trainers Programme for staff appointed at DTCC under NTCP.
• Refresher training of the DTCC staff.
• Training on tobacco cessation for Health care providers.
• Law enforcers training / sensitization Programme
110

111. District Level:
 The key activities include:
• Training of Key stakeholders: health and social workers, NGOs, school
teachers, enforcement officers etc.
• Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities.
• School Programmes.
111

112. District Level:
• Monitoring tobacco control laws.
• Setting-up and strengthening of cessation facilities including
provision of pharmacological treatment facilities at the district
level.
• Co-ordination with Panchayati Raj Institutions for inculcating
concept of tobacco control at the grassroots.
112

113. 113

114. MULTI-DICIPLINARY RESEARCH UNIT
 The Department of Health Research was created as a new
Department under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare vide
Presidential Notification dated the 17th September, 2007 by an
amendment to the Government of India (Allocation of Business)
Rules, 1961.
 The Department has been allocated 9 new functions to promote
health research activities, besides the ongoing work relating to
the management and administration of ICMR.
114

115. MULTI-DICIPLINARY RESEARCH UNIT
 Government of India, in July, 2013, approved the scheme for
‘Establishment of Multi -Disciplinary Research Units (MRUs) in
the Government Medical Colleges/Research Institutions’ during
the 12th Plan period as a path- breaking initiative to
develop/strengthen the health research infrastructure in the
country to fulfill the newly allocated function of the
Department related to the “Promotion, Coordination and
Development of Basic, Applied and Clinical Research”.
115

116. MRU continued
 The scheme is implemented by the Department of Health
Research (DHR) with the technical support of ICMR.
 The scheme entails establishment of modern Biological
Lab/ Multi-Disciplinary Research facilities in 80
Government Medical Colleges for promoting medical
research in the country, in a phased manner (35 in 2013-
14 and 45 in 2014-15).
116

117. The objectives of MRUs are
 Encourage and strengthen an environment of research in
medical colleges.
 Bridge the gap in the infrastructure which is inhibiting health
research in the Medical Colleges by assisting them to establish
multidisciplinary research facilities with a view to improving
the health research and health services.
117

118. Objectives continued..
 To ensure the geographical spread of health research
infrastructure, in order to cover un-served and under-served
Medical Colleges and other institutions.
 To improve the overall health status of the population by
creating evidence-based application of diagnostic
procedures/processes/methods.
118

119. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE MRUs
 To undertake research in non-communicable diseases and other
need-based research as recommended by the Local Research
Committee/Expert Committee of the DHR employing newer
tools.
 To promote and encourage quality medical research in the
Institution.
 To constitute the local research committees for identifying the
research priorities and projects with participation of State
health system officials. 119

120. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE
PROJECT:
 One time financial assistance upto Rs. 5.25 crores will be
provided to each Government Medical College/Institution for
setting up of modern biological lab/multi-disciplinary research
unit.
 The financial assistance towards recurring expenditure on
staffing, consumables/training/contingencies would be started
from the second year of the sanctioning of the project.
120

121. Sustainable developmental goals
121

122. Sustainable developmental goals
 3rd SDG-Good health and well being
 6th SDG-Clean water and sanitation
 13th SDG-Climate action
 The above SDGs relate to lifestyle diseases
122

123. WHO themes related to NCDs
 1959 Mental illness and Mental Health in the World of today
 1961 Accidents and their prevention
 1962 Preserve sight- prevent Blindness
 1970 Early detection of Cancer saves Life
 1971 A full life despite Diabetes
 1972 Your Heart is your Health
 1974 Better food for a healthier World
 1976 Foresight Prevents Blindness
 1978 Down with High Blood pressure
 1980 Smoking or Health: Choice is yours
123

124. WHO themes related to NCDs
 1982 Add life to years
 1985 Healthy Youth- Our best Resource
 1986 Healthy living: Every one a winner
 1992 Heart beat: A rhythm of Health
 1994 Oral Health for a healthy life
 1999 Active ageing makes the difference
 2002 Move for Health
 2008 Protecting health from climate change
 2013 High Blood Pressure- Hypertension
 2015 Food Safety- From Farm To Plate ,Make Food Safe
124

125. WHO themes related to NCDs
 2016 Beat Diabetes- Prevent, Treat, Beat Diabetes
 2017 Depression- Let’s Talk
125

126. World health days specific to lifestyle
diseases
 January 01 to 31 - Cervical Health Awareness Month
 February 04 - World Cancer Day
 March 04 - World Obesity Day
 April 19 - World Liver Day
 May 17 - World Hypertension Day
 May 31 - World No Tobacco Day
 June 21 - International Day of Yoga
 July 24 - International Self-care Day
 August 01 to 07 - World Breastfeeding Week
 September 1-7 - National Nutrition Week 126

127. World health days specific to lifestyle
diseases
 September 29 - World Heart Day
 October 10 - World Mental Health Day
 October 01 to 31 - Breast Cancer Awareness Month
 November 7 - National Cancer Awareness Day
 November 14 - World Diabetes Day
 November 15 - World COPD Day (3rd Wednesday, November)
 November 17 - Cervical Cancer Elimination Day of Action
127

128. Facts
 Stroke- more prevalent in developed countries
 IHD, COPD – more prevalent in developing countries
 A country that has banned tobacco completely is Singapore
128

129. References
 Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine
 World Health Organization
 Indian council of Medical Research
129

130. THANK
YOU
130