Lifestyle diseases are chronic non-communicable diseases that are primarily caused by modifiable behavioral risk factors like unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol use. Some of the major lifestyle diseases include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. Controlling behavioral risk factors through a healthy diet, exercise, avoiding tobacco and alcohol is key to preventing and managing lifestyle diseases. A comprehensive multi-sectoral approach involving healthcare, education, and policy can help minimize risk factors and ensure early detection and treatment of lifestyle diseases.
Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs) or Chronic Diseases and youth health in Bangl...Jahid Khan Rahat
In this slide you will learn about what is Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) or Chronic Diseases,its risk factors, disease burden and statistic, effect of NCDs in children, its result, cure of diseases, development implications etc.
Epidemiology of Chronic Non- communicable diseases and ConditionsSheetal Singh
This presentation focuses on the most prevailing Non- Communicable diseases of the world. It includes the problem, causes, risk factors, prevention and worldwide statistics of each disease.
Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs) or Chronic Diseases and youth health in Bangl...Jahid Khan Rahat
In this slide you will learn about what is Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) or Chronic Diseases,its risk factors, disease burden and statistic, effect of NCDs in children, its result, cure of diseases, development implications etc.
Epidemiology of Chronic Non- communicable diseases and ConditionsSheetal Singh
This presentation focuses on the most prevailing Non- Communicable diseases of the world. It includes the problem, causes, risk factors, prevention and worldwide statistics of each disease.
Non-communicalbe diseases and its preventionShoaib Kashem
Non communicable disease account for a large and increasing burden of disease worldwide. It is currently estimated that non communicable disease accounts for approximately 60% of global deaths and 43% of global disease burden. This is projected to increase to 73% of deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020.
Jeffrey Meer, Special Advisor for Global Health at the Public Health Institute, discusses the toll of non-communicable diseases on the developing world and what civil society can do, and dispels common myths.
Non-communicalbe diseases and its preventionShoaib Kashem
Non communicable disease account for a large and increasing burden of disease worldwide. It is currently estimated that non communicable disease accounts for approximately 60% of global deaths and 43% of global disease burden. This is projected to increase to 73% of deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020.
Jeffrey Meer, Special Advisor for Global Health at the Public Health Institute, discusses the toll of non-communicable diseases on the developing world and what civil society can do, and dispels common myths.
Epidemiology of chronic non communicable diseases.pptxRomy Markose
Epidemiology of chronic non communicable diseases is the 5th unit in community health nursing subject of 2nd year BSc Nursing students according to their curriculum. this ppt helps to understand regarding the condition, etiological factors, risk factors, signs & symptoms, management at each health care level & prevention.
A lifestyle of a person is the way of living his/her life. In recent times, India has started to observe an increase in various kinds of health-related problems due to change in lifestyle regardless of their gender or age. Lifestyle disorders may occur due to different factors such as dietary patterns, habits and behavior, preferences, and more. An article by the business world states that nearly 61% of people in India die due to lifestyle or non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Lifestyle diseases are not limited to adults alone; nowadays, it is affecting kids as well.
Here is an article providing some of the profound insights on the most common lifestyle disorders, its causes and symptoms, and the preventive measures to be taken to avoid them.
Source : https://blog.tauedu.org/the-most-common-lifestyle-disorders/
NCD, Hypertension, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, heart disease, coronary artery disease
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible for 74% of all deaths worldwide. More than three-quarters of all NCD deaths, and 86% of the 17 million people who died prematurely, or before reaching 70 years of age, occur in low- and middle-income countries.
The epidemic of NCDs poses devastating health consequences for individuals, families and communities, and threatens to overwhelm health systems. The socioeconomic costs associated with NCDs make the prevention and control of these diseases a major development imperative for the 21st century.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
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Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
2. Introduction
Lifestyle diseases are ailments that are primarily based
on the day to day habits of people. Habits that detract
people from activity and push them towards a sedentary
routine can cause a number of health issues that can lead
to chronic non-communicable diseases that can have
near life-threatening consequences.
3. o Non communicable diseases (NCDs) kill around 40 million people
each year, that is around 70% of all deaths globally.
o NCDs are chronic in nature and cannot be communicated from one
person to another. They are a result of a combination of factors
including genetics, physiology, environment and behaviours.
o The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular and chronic respiratory
diseases in addition to cancer. NCDs such as cardiovascular diseases
(CVD), stroke, diabetes and certain forms of cancer are heavily
linked to lifestyle choices, and hence, are often known as lifestyle
diseases.
o NCDs are caused, to a massive extent, by four behavioural risk
factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity
and harmful use of alcohol
4. Causes
The causes of NCDs can be divided into three broad categories: modifiable behavioural
risk factors, non-modifiable risk factors and metabolic risk factors.
1. Modifiable behavioural risk factors:
Behavioural risk factors such as excessive use of alcohol, bad food habits, eating and
smoking tobacco, physical inactivity, wrong body posture and disturbed biological
clock increase the likelihood of NCDs. The modern occupational setting (desk jobs)
and the stress related to work is also being seen as a potent risk factor for NCDs
2. Non-modifiable risk factors:
Risk factors that cannot be controlled or modified by the application of an intervention
can be called non-modifiable risk factors and include:
• Age
• Race
• Gender
• Genetics
5. • Metabolic risk factors: Metabolic risk factors lead to four major changes in the
metabolic systems that increase the possibility of NCDs:
• Increased blood pressure
• Obesity
• Increased blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia
• Increased levels of fat in the blood or hyperlipidemia
• Increased blood pressure is the leading metabolic risk factor globally with 19% of
the global deaths attributed to it, followed by obesity and hyperglycermia.
6. Major Lifestyle disorders
CVD
• Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and may
include:
• Ischaemic heart disease
• Stroke
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Congenital heart disease
• CVDs are the number 1 cause of death globally and account for more than 17 million deaths
per year.
• Major Modifiable Risk FactorsHigh blood pressure Abnormal blood lipids Tobacco use
Physical inactivity Obesity Unhealthy diet (salt) Diabetes Heavy alcohol use
• Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Age Heredity or family history Gender Ethnicity or race
• Other Risk Factors
Excess homocysteine in blood - Inflammatory markers (Creactive protein) Abnormal blood
coagulation (elevated blood levels of fibrinogen) Lipoprotein(a)
7. • Diabetes
• Diabetes is a metabolism disorder that affects the way the body used food
for energy and physical growth. There are 4 types of diabetes: Type 1, Type
2, Gestational, and Pre-Diabetes (Impaired Glucose Tolerance). Type 2 is
the most common diabetes in the world and is caused by modifiable
behavioural risk factors.
8. • Cancer
• Cancer affects different parts of the body and is characterised by a rapid
creation of abnormal cells in that part and can invade other parts of the
body as well. More than 7 million people die of cancer each year and 30%
of those diseases are attributed to lifestyle choices.8
9. • Chronic respiratory diseases
• Some of the most under-diagnosed conditions, chronic respiratory diseases
(CRD) are a potent cause of death globally with 90% of the deaths taking
place in low-income countries. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and asthma are the two main types of CRDs.
10. Obesity: We are all familiar with the word and yet we tend to
ignore it.
• Unhealthy eating habits, stressful lifestyle, reduced physical
activity translates to obesity.
• Anybody who is overweight suffers from breathing issues,
blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes etc. This is
also the first step to your body attracting all kinds of other
lifestyle diseases.
According to the National Family Health Survey, India ranks
second with 155 million obese citizens and this number is
increasing at 33-51% every year.
11. • 8. Stroke: When the blood vessel carrying blood to the brain
has a blockage leading to an oxygen deficiency for the area of
the brain it carried blood to, the result of this is called stroke.
High blood pressure, if not taken care of in time with proper
treatment, can lead to a stroke. Stroke can also be caused due
to hereditary reasons.
12. • Swimmer’s ear: When you use headphones constantly and are exposed to
loud music more than you should be, the ultimate result of this is
swimmer’s ear. Swimmer’s ear causes inflammation, irritation or infection
in the ear canal or the outer ear. According to studies, 12.5% approximately
have suffered permanent damage to their hearing due to constant exposure
to noise. This number is said to be increasing by the year.
13. • Nephritis: When there is swelling in the kidneys leading to
abnormal function, it is known as nephritis. There are many
causes of nephritis, one of them being an allergic reaction to a
medication or antibiotic. Other than this, it can also be caused
due to bacterial infections, which may enter through street
foods not prepared in hygienic conditions.
14. • High blood pressure: 100 million in India suffer from high
blood pressure. Some very common reasons for high blood
pressure are stress, obesity, genetic factors and unhealthy
eating habits. When the reading in the blood pressure machine
is 140/90 or higher, your blood pressure is high. Once this
happens, you will feel severe discomfort.
15. Control and prevention
of lifestyle diseases
• An important way of controlling non-communicable diseases is by controlling the risk
factors associated with it. In other words, a number of communicable diseases can be
prevented by controlling the behavioural or lifestyle habits associated with those
diseases. There are a number of low-cost solutions that can be implemented by the
government and other involved groups to reduce the common modifiable risk factors.1
Monitoring the trends of non -communicable diseases and their associated risks is
crucial for guiding policies and guidelines.
• A comprehensive approach is essential that involves all sectors including health, finance,
education, planning and others, to minimise the impact of lifestyle diseases on
individuals and society. The approach needs to instigate a collaborative effort to
minimise the risks associated with no communicable diseases and at the same time
inspire interventions to control and prevent them.
• Lifestyle diseases are a threat to the socio-economic aspects of nations globally and
appropriate actions for their management are the need of the moment. Management of
lifestyle diseases includes proper diagnosis, screening and treatment of these diseases in
addition to providing palliative care for people who require it. Quality lifestyle disease
intervention needs to be delivered through a primary healthcare approach where early
detection and proper treatment are prioritised.
16. Reference
• Lifestyle Diseases: Consequences, Characteristics, Causes and
Control
S A Tabish
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, India
•
Editor's Notes
According to the WHO, more than 7 million people die each year due to the use of tobacco and the fatality rate is projected to increase markedly in the years to come. Excessive use of sodium in the diet causes 4.1 million deaths per year while alcohol intake leads to around 1.65 million deaths due to NCDs. A simple lack of physical activity has been claiming 1.6 million lives annually.
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Other Risk Factors
Unhealthy diets Physical Inactivity Obesity or Overweight High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol Heavy alcohol use Psychological stress High consumption of sugar Low consumption of fiber
Advacnced age Family history/genetics Race Distribution of fat in the body
Presence of autoantibodies Low socioeconomic status