The document discusses the multifaceted scope of global health, which includes the promotion of health equity, addressing health disparities, and improving health systems worldwide. Key challenges highlighted include the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rise of non-communicable diseases, and emerging infectious diseases, with significant focus on mental health and maternal and child health. The World Health Organization aims to tackle these issues through initiatives centered on universal health coverage, health security, and environmental health.

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2. • Presented by
Dr.@mit
1. Introduction of Global Health
2. Scope of Global Health
• Presented by
Dr.Desh
Deepak
3. Global Health Trends
4. Global Health Strategy
• Presented by
Dr.Prabhat
5. Achievements of Global Health
6. Health Organizations & their Achievements
GLOBAL HEALTH
INDEX

3. WHO defines GLOBAL HEALTH as a field that is concerned
with the worldwide improvement of health, reduction of
disparities, and protection against global threats that disregard
national borders.
INTRODUCTION

4. • Not only promoting health and well-being for everyone
but also ensuring quality health services, regardless of
geographical location.
Health
Improvement
Worldwide:
• Addressing health inequities like social, economical, and
environmental factors that contribute to disparities and
also ensuring that all individuals have the opportunity to
achieve the highest possible level of health.
Reduction of Health
Disparities:
• Preparing for global health emergencies, such as
pandemics, natural disasters etc., by improving disease
surveillance, outbreak response, and health system
resilience globally.
Protection Against
Global Threats:
INTRODUCTION conte..

5. • Global health is crucial because health issues in
one part of the world can have direct and
indirect impacts on other regions due to factors
like globalization, travel, and trade.
• It means global health is a comprehensive &
multidisciplinary field and it requires
international cooperation, robust health
systems, and a commitment to addressing the
underlying determinants of health
Why Global Health is important ?

6. Why Global Health is in the News ?

7. Global health has been prominently in the news due to several pressing
issues and developments:
1. COVID-19 Pandemic:
• COVID-19 ranked among the top three leading causes of death
globally
4.1
million
Death
2020 8.8
million
Death
2021

8. • In just two years, the COVID-19 pandemic reversed over a
decade of gains in both Life Expectancy at birth(Global Life
Expectancy) and Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE)
YEAR Global Life Expectancy Healthy Life Expectancy
2020 2016 levels 72.5 years 62.8 years
2021 2012 levels 71.4 years 61.9 years

9. • Globally, the share of deaths from communicable diseases among
all deaths dropped to 18.2% by 2019.
Monkeypox
• In May 2022, A global outbreak of Mpox appeared suddenly and
rapidly spread, with 110 countries reporting about 87 thousand
cases and 112 deaths.
2. Communicable diseases & Emerging Infectious Diseases
(Mpox, Zika virus, Ebola, new strains of influenza, etc,. )
YEAR Communicable diseases
2019 18.2%
2020 23%
2021 2005 Level 28.1%

10. Zika virus
• The first local mosquito-transmitted Zika virus disease cases
were reported in Europe in 2019 and Zika virus outbreak
activity was detected in India in 2021.
• To date, a total of 89 countries and territories have reported
evidence of mosquito transmitted Zika virus infection.
2. Emerging Infectious Diseases ...:

11. Ebola
• Uganda declared an outbreak of Ebola disease caused by Sudan
Ebolavirus on 20 September 2022.
• In total,164 cases with 77 deaths and 87 recovered patients, were
reported.
• Emerging Infectious Disease like Monkeypox, Ebola, Zika virus
and new strains of influenza and other infectious diseases outbreak
have garnered attention, highlighting the need for rapid response
and better understanding of emerging infectious diseases.
2. Communicable diseases conte..:

12. 3. Chronic Diseases:
o Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs):
o NCDs including heart disease, stroke, cancer,
diabetes and chronic lung disease, are
collectively responsible for deaths of 41 million
people each year which is equivalent to 74% of
all deaths globally & more than 86% of the them
occur in low- and middle-income countries.
o The epidemic of NCDs poses devastating health
consequences for individuals, families and
communities, and threatens to overwhelm health
systems.

13. 3. Chronic Diseases:
Mental Health:
o Mental health conditions include mental, neurological and substance use disorders,
suicide risk and associated psychosocial, cognitive and intellectual disabilities .
o Depression and anxiety disorders cost the global economy US$1 trillion per year
o 8,00,000/year deaths from suicide, which is a leading cause of death in young
people
o Among people who have experienced war or other conflict in the previous 10 years,
one in five (22%) will have depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder,
bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

16. 4. Health Inequities:
• Health and health equity are determined by the conditions in which people are born,
grow, live, work, play and age, as well as biological determinants.
• In all countries – whether low-, middle- or high-income – there are wide disparities
in the health status of different social groups.
• The lower an individual’s socio-economic position, the higher their risk of poor
health.
• Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty.
• Around 95% of TB deaths are in the developing world.

17. 4. Health Inequities:
• Every day 16,000 children die before their fifth birthday due to pneumonia, malaria,
diarrhoea and other diseases in sub-Saharan Africa than the rest of the world.
• 87% of premature deaths due to Non-communicable diseases occur in low- and
middle-income countries.
• In low-income countries, the average life expectancy is 62
years, while in high-income countries, it is 81 years.
• e.g., a child born in Sierra Leone can expect to live for 50
years while a child born in Japan can expect to live 84
years.

18. 5. Maternal and Child Health:
˚ Every day, 6,300 babies die in the first month of life.
˚ In 2022, an estimated 2.3 million newborns died
worldwide.
˚ Globally, every two minutes, a woman dies during
pregnancy or childbirth.
˚ In 2020, there were an estimated 287,000 deaths
worldwide.

19. 6. Climate Change and Health:
Between 2030 and 2050, climate
change is expected to cause approx
2,50,000 additional deaths per year
from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea
and heat stress alone.

20. 7. Technological Advances:
o Digital Health: The rise of telemedicine, health
apps, and AI in healthcare is transforming how health
services are delivered and monitored globally.
o Genomic Medicine: Advances in genomic
research and personalized medicine are opening new
frontiers in disease prevention and treatment.

21. Focus of Global Health

22. 1. Universal Health Coverage (UHC):
World Health Assembly adopted the term Universal Health
Coverage in 2005
o Goal:UHC means that all people and communities receive the
health services they need and of sufficient quality to be effective
while also ensuring that the use of these services does not
expose the user to financial hardship.
o Focus Areas: Strengthening health systems, improving service
delivery, and ensuring equitable access to health services.
o Initiatives: To Achieve UHC countries adopt the SDGs in 2015
Key Areas of Focus in Global Health According to WHO

23. 2. Health Security:
o Goal: Protect people from health emergencies.
o Focus Areas: Preparedness, detection, and response to health
emergencies such as pandemics, natural disasters, and
conflicts.
o Initiatives: International Health Regulations (2005)(IHR)
which provide a global legal framework to prevent and
respond to acute public health risks.
Key Areas of Focus in Global Health According to WHO conte…

24. 3. Health Promotion:
o Goal: To promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable – so everyone,
everywhere can attain the highest level of health.
o Focus
Areas:

25. 3. Health Promotion:
o Initiatives : The 9th global conference
(Shanghai 2016), titled ‘Promoting health
in the Sustainable Development Goals 3:
Health for all and all for health’,
highlighted the critical links between
promoting health and the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development.

26. 4. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs):
o Goal: Reduce the burden of chronic diseases such as
heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
o Focus Areas: Prevention, early detection, and
management of NCDs, and addressing their risk factors
like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity.
o Initiatives: WHO plays a key leadership role in the
coordination and promotion of the global fight against
NCDs to reduce premature mortality by one third from
NCDs through prevention and treatment (SDG 2030
target 3.4).

27. 5. Communicable Diseases:
o Goal: Combat infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria, & Neglected Tropical
Diseases(NTD).
STOP AIDS
o Initiatives: In recognition of the high burden of
communicable diseases, the SDGs include a specific target
to end the epidemics of AIDS, TB, malaria and NTDs and
to combat hepatitis and other communicable diseases.
o Focus Areas: Eradication, elimination,
and control of infectious diseases through
vaccination, treatment, and public health
interventions.

28. 6. Mental Health:
˚ Goal: Promote Mental well-being, Prevent mental health
conditions, Provide care, Enhance recovery, Reduce illness,
death and disability
˚ Focus Areas: The focus areas include promotion, prevention,
treatment, policy development, and research.
˚ Initiatives:
1.Global Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020:
• Framework: Provides a comprehensive strategy for
addressing mental health globally.

29. 6. Mental Health:
2. mhGAP (Mental Health Gap Action Programme):
• Purpose: Scale up services for mental, neurological, and
substance use disorders, particularly in low- and
middle-income countries.
• Components: Training health care providers, developing
treatment guidelines, and implementing community-
based interventions.
3.Community-Based Mental Health Care:
• Approach:To enhance accessibility and integration of
mental health services within communities.

30. 7. Maternal and Child Health:
o Goal: End preventable maternal newborn and child deaths.
o Promote the health and development of all children.
o The Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 sets out that by 2030,
the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is reduced to less
than 70 per 100,000 live births, and no country should have
an MMR more than 140 per 100,000 live births.
o Focus Areas: Providing access to quality prenatal,
childbirth, and postnatal care, as well as child health services
such as immunization and nutrition

31. 7. Maternal and Child Health:
o Initiatives: WHO is working with partners on
o Ending preventable maternal mortality(EPMM)
o Five strategic objectives for EPMM
1. Address inequities in access to and quality of sexual, reproductive, maternal and
new born health care.
2. Ensure universal health coverage for comprehensive sexual, reproductive,
maternal and new-born health care.
3. Address all causes of maternal mortality, reproductive and maternal morbidities,
and related disabilities.
4. Strengthen health systems to respond to the needs and priorities of women and
girls.
5. Ensure accountability to improve quality of care and equity.

32. 8. Environmental Health:
o Goal: Address the health impacts of environmental
risks.
o Focus Areas: Ensuring safe water and sanitation,
reducing air pollution, and addressing climate change
and its health impacts.
o Initiatives: UNICEF works to bring clean water and
proper sanitation and hygiene facilities to homes,
schools and health centres so that children can grow and
learn safely(SDG-6).
o UNICEF works with partners to support sustainable
energy solutions that improve children’s health and
development. (SDG-7).

33. 9. Equity and Social Determinants of Health:
o Goal: Achieve health equity and address the root
causes of health disparities.
o Focus Areas: Addressing factors such as poverty,
education, housing, and gender equity that influence
health outcomes.
The focus of global health are comprehensive and aim at addressing a wide range of
health issues through international cooperation and coordinated efforts. By
emphasizing universal health coverage, health security, health promotion, and
addressing both communicable and non-communicable diseases, WHO strives to
ensure better health outcomes for all.

34. Future of global health:

36. THANK YOU