This document discusses cells and their structures. It begins by introducing microscopes and how they allow the viewing of cells. It then outlines the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, new cells are produced from existing cells, and cells are the basic functional units of life. The document describes the two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - and provides details on animal and plant cell structures including organelles like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell wall and cell membrane. It concludes by noting the functions of organelles in cells.

1. KLAAS Y

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
• THE MICROSCOPE
• CELL THEORY
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CELLS
• ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
IN DETAIL
• ORGANELLES

3. THE STUDY OF CELLS

4. A Microscope is an instrument used to view
objects that are too small to be seen by the
naked eye.

5. TYPES OF MICROSCOPES
• HAND LENSES
• SINGLE LENS MICROSCOPE
• LIGHT MICROSCOPE
• ELECTRON MICROSCOPES
 SEM – Scanning electron microscope
 TEM – Transmission electron microscope.

6. Robert Hook used the concept cell for the first time
Robert Brown was the first to describe the nucleus
in the cell
Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann developed
the cell theory
Rudolph Virchow and August Weismann expanded
the cell theory
Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow compiled the
cell theory

7. The cell theory states that:
 All living organisms are made out of cells
 New cells are formed by the division of
existing cells
 The cell houses genes, which are the blueprint
for growth, functioning and development of
cells
 The cell is the functional unit of life because
all chemical reactions of life take place inside
the cell

8. A cell is the basic unit of structure
and function in organisms.

9. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CELLS DISCOVERED
TODAY.
Prokaryotic AND Eukaryotic CELLS
Prokaryotic CELL Eukaryotic CELL

10. Prokaryotic CELLS
these are cells that do not have a true
nucleus, cells without a membrane bound
nucleus.
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria
and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells
(KINGDOM MONERA)

11. Eukaryotic CELLS
• Eukaryotic cells are cells that have
a true nucleus, these cells have a
membrane bound nucleus.
• Protists, fungi, animals and
plants all consist of eukaryotic
cells

12. PLANT CELL IN DETAIL

13. ANIMAL CELL IN DETAIL

14. ORGANELLES
Organelles (are very small)
microscopic structures found within a
cell
These perform various functions for
the cell
They are flouting in the cytoplasm
They may or not be membrane bound

15. What do organelles do?
★process energy
★manufacture substances
needed by the cell
★move materials
★act as storage site

16. The nucleus
Enclosed by a
nucleomembrane with
nuclear pores for
Protection of
nucleoplasm, nucleolus
and chromatin

17. Chloroplasts
contain green pigment chlorophyll
chlorophyll captures light energy that
is used to make glucose, chloroplast
contain the following: Ribosomes,
starch grains, grana, Stroma,
thylakoids
double membrane.

18. MITOCHONDRION
Consist of 2 membranes: Outer – and a
highly convoluted inner membrane- These
folds are called cristae – they increase the
surface area.
Filled with matrix called stroma that
contains DNA and ribosomes.
Function: Produce energy in the form of
ATP by means of cellular respiration

19. Cell wall

20. CELL MEMBRANE
Consist of 2 phospholipid
layers and proteins in
between.
The phospholipid layers are
part hydrophilic and part
hydrophobic

21. REFFERENCES
• http://www.slideshare.net/MaiMi2/understanding-cells-21-101-1?qid=c29596c3-44e7-
41de-aefb-9b7d6b71fba7&v=default&b=&from_search=5
• http://www.slideshare.net/apparentlyalbert/cells-9879445?qid=c29596c3-44e7-41de-
aefb-9b7d6b71fba7&v=default&b=&from_search=9
• http://www.slideshare.net/janejaney1294/cells-29306084?qid=c29596c3-44e7-41de-
aefb-9b7d6b71fba7&v=default&b=&from_search=12
• http://www.slideshare.net/rozeka01/biology-unit-2-cells-types-of-cells-
notes?qid=c29596c3-44e7-41de-aefb-9b7d6b71fba7&v=qf1&b=&from_search=16
• http://www.slideshare.net/0725217132/animal-and-plant-cells-
22049592?qid=c29596c3-44e7-41de-aefb-
9b7d6b71fba7&v=default&b=&from_search=37
• http://www.slideshare.net/wendogg1/04-the-cell-slides?qid=c29596c3-44e7-41de-
aefb-9b7d6b71fba7&v=default&b=&from_search=41