I was invited by Adamson University Biology Society to give a talk about antimicrobial resistance during their Biocon 2018: Insights on the Latest Trends on Applied Biological Sciences in Ozanam AVR, Adamson University last February 22, 2018
The occurrence of porcine Toxoplasma gondii infections in smallholder product...ILRI
Presentation by K. Roesel, G. Schares, D. Grace, M.P.O. Baumann, R. Fries, M. Dione and P.-H. Claussen at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Vaccines and their effect on public healthGriffin Walker
The document discusses the history and science of vaccines. It begins with a brief history of vaccines from ancient concepts of inoculation to Jonas Salk's creation of the polio vaccine in the 1950s. It then explains how most vaccines work by using weakened or dead microbes to stimulate the immune system to create memory cells that provide long-term protection. The document also notes that vaccines have led to the eradication of deadly diseases and establish herd immunity. However, it acknowledges there is an anti-vaccine debate centered around disproven claims about links between vaccines and autism or harmful ingredients like thimerosal.
The Oxford COVID-19 vaccine has begun human clinical trials. The UK government has provided $20 million in funding to support Oxford University's vaccine research and clinical trials. The potential vaccine entered Phase I clinical trials last week to study safety and efficacy in healthy volunteers aged 18-55. The vaccine was developed at Oxford University using a weakened version of an adenovirus containing the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Antibiotics are drugs which have saved and still saving hundreds of thousands of lives every year. Antibiotics are possibly the most vital advancement in the history of medicine and undoubtedly; they are among medicine's most prevailing sector. But the other side of the coin offers us “antibiotic resistance” which is a serious and one of the most threatening healthcare problems worldwide
This document summarizes a survey on antibiotic use in Jessore district. The survey aimed to determine the condition of antibiotic use and the most prescribed and popular brands. The results found that cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic class, comprising 22% of prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, cephalosporins, flucloxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The most acceptable pharmaceutical companies in the region were Square, SK+F, ACI, Aristopharma, ACME, Incepta, and Drug International. The survey also analyzed the generation of cephalosporins used and the age groups that received antibiotics
The occurrence of porcine Toxoplasma gondii infections in smallholder product...ILRI
Presentation by K. Roesel, G. Schares, D. Grace, M.P.O. Baumann, R. Fries, M. Dione and P.-H. Claussen at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Vaccines and their effect on public healthGriffin Walker
The document discusses the history and science of vaccines. It begins with a brief history of vaccines from ancient concepts of inoculation to Jonas Salk's creation of the polio vaccine in the 1950s. It then explains how most vaccines work by using weakened or dead microbes to stimulate the immune system to create memory cells that provide long-term protection. The document also notes that vaccines have led to the eradication of deadly diseases and establish herd immunity. However, it acknowledges there is an anti-vaccine debate centered around disproven claims about links between vaccines and autism or harmful ingredients like thimerosal.
The Oxford COVID-19 vaccine has begun human clinical trials. The UK government has provided $20 million in funding to support Oxford University's vaccine research and clinical trials. The potential vaccine entered Phase I clinical trials last week to study safety and efficacy in healthy volunteers aged 18-55. The vaccine was developed at Oxford University using a weakened version of an adenovirus containing the genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Antibiotics are drugs which have saved and still saving hundreds of thousands of lives every year. Antibiotics are possibly the most vital advancement in the history of medicine and undoubtedly; they are among medicine's most prevailing sector. But the other side of the coin offers us “antibiotic resistance” which is a serious and one of the most threatening healthcare problems worldwide
This document summarizes a survey on antibiotic use in Jessore district. The survey aimed to determine the condition of antibiotic use and the most prescribed and popular brands. The results found that cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic class, comprising 22% of prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, cephalosporins, flucloxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The most acceptable pharmaceutical companies in the region were Square, SK+F, ACI, Aristopharma, ACME, Incepta, and Drug International. The survey also analyzed the generation of cephalosporins used and the age groups that received antibiotics
Andrew Wakefield published a study in 1998 claiming a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. This led to reduced vaccination rates. An investigation found Wakefield committed ethical violations and intentionally falsified data. In 2010, he was found guilty of professional misconduct and the Lancet retracted his study. While initially influential, extensive subsequent research has found no link between vaccines and autism.
Felicia Wu
John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics
Low use of antimicrobials and healthy productive animals – a possible equation?SIANI
Presentation by Professor Ulf Magnusson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences/ SLU Global at the event: Low use of antimicrobials and healthy productive animals – a possible equation? At FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy 19th of October, 2016.
This document summarizes recent advances in biological viruses. It discusses how researchers used gene editing to create pigs resistant to the costly Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus. It also describes the discovery of a novel giant virus infecting marine algae in Hawaii waters. Additionally, it outlines how a study revealed a new path of viral evolution through host recognition protein mutations. The document concludes by summarizing research that identified the first treatment for the deadly Marburg virus and findings that Pandoraviruses can invent their own genes.
Newer approaches are needed to address antibiotic resistance, which has been a problem for 50 years. Doctors and farmers should only use antibiotics when necessary and complete full prescriptions. People and the agriculture sector can help by vaccinating, practicing good hygiene, and limiting antibiotic use in healthy animals. While new antibiotics are in development, none will work against the most dangerous resistant bacteria. A global, multi-sector effort is required to address this growing problem.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perceptio...John Blue
Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perception vs. reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, M.D., former U.S. Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Food Safety, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
WHO - AMR Global Overview and Action Planmarkovingian
Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
This document discusses dual use research and some potential threats to humanity. It defines dual use research as biological research with a legitimate scientific purpose that could potentially be misused to threaten public health or national security. It examines several case studies where research had both benefits but also risks if misused, such as enhancing pathogens or understanding how to defeat immune systems. It discusses sequencing pathogens like anthrax and the risks if that information fell into the wrong hands. Overall, it recommends that researchers carefully weigh the risks and benefits of their work and consider potential dual use implications.
Response of potential stored grain insect pests to bfl 225 multi attractant l...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effectiveness of BFL 225 multi-attractant lure baited traps for monitoring stored grain insect pests in commercial warehouses over 10 months in Southern Nigeria. Traps baited with BFL 225 captured significantly more insects than unbaited traps, including Sitophilus spp., Plodia interpunctella, Tribolium castaneum, Callosobruchus maculatus, Alphitobius laevigatus and Rhyzopertha dominica. The results suggest that BFL 225 baited traps could be useful for early detection and monitoring of potential stored grain pests migrating into warehouses, and help inform integrated pest management strategies in tropical Africa.
The use of antimicrobial in humans and animals, the consequences of this use, the political and economic barriers to improve prudent use and possible solutions for this problem.
This document discusses the ongoing issue of antimicrobial resistance in Europe. It provides data from surveillance networks showing high levels of resistance to certain antibiotics in some countries. For example, resistance to last-line antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae is causing concern. The document also shows increasing trends in carbapenem use in hospitals from 2009-2013. It emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control, and developing new antibiotics to address the public health threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Teixobactin, a new powerful antibiotic, was discovered using a novel method of extracting drugs from previously uncultured soil bacteria. Teixobactin cured severe infections in mice with no side effects and is unlikely to induce bacterial resistance. The method has potential to unlock many new natural compounds that could treat infections and cancer. However, teixobactin has not been tested in humans yet, and studies will take several years, so the drug would not be available for 5-6 years if approved. The discovery illustrates the wealth of potential drugs in the microbial world that have been overlooked due to limitations of traditional discovery methods.
This document discusses the need for new antibiotics to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. It notes that while current technologies have improved our ability to identify potential drug targets, significant challenges remain in developing new antimicrobial drugs and bringing them to market. The document outlines factors contributing to the need for new antibiotics, such as emerging infectious diseases, increasing antibiotic resistance, and the impact of bacterial diseases. It argues that without active support of antibiotic research and development, we may face a potential public health crisis as antibiotic-resistant bacteria proliferate and treatment options dwindle.
Xeraya & Allecra: The Fight Against Gram-Negative Drug-Resistant Bacteria (Hi...Kumaraguru Veerasamy
A brief overview on one of the biggest challenges in the pharmaceutical industry: 5 key gram-negative drug-resistant bacteria strains are infecting millions, and killing thousands every year across the US and Europe. Xeraya Capital, together with Allecra Therapeutics are in the fight against these resistant bacteria.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that threatens modern medicine. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, it diminishes their effectiveness for all users and makes treatment of infections increasingly difficult. Each year, antimicrobial resistance results in millions of deaths worldwide, comparable to other major diseases. It also has a huge economic impact, with projections of its effect on global GDP measured in trillions of dollars. Resistance spreads through the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock. New alternatives to antibiotics are needed to tackle this problem, along with coordinated global action to strengthen surveillance, promote appropriate use, and foster new drug development.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global threat as many modern medicines may lose effectiveness against common bacterial infections. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is driving increased resistance worldwide. Finland has one of the lowest rates of antimicrobial resistance in Europe due to early and collaborative efforts between human and veterinary sectors to prudently use antibiotics and prevent infectious diseases. However, imported resistant bacteria remain a risk, and all countries must continue efforts to implement guidelines on prudent antibiotic use, increase awareness, and engage in international cooperation to address this global challenge.
Scientists create 1st new antibiotic in nearly 30 yearsOther Mother
Scientists have discovered the first new antibiotic in nearly 30 years called Teixobactin. It is effective against many common bacterial infections like tuberculosis and C. difficile. Teixobactin works via a novel dual mechanism attacking the building blocks of bacterial cell walls. Testing on mice showed it cleared infections without side effects. This discovery is significant because Teixobactin does not encounter any detectable resistance, which could lead to a new generation of antibiotics. It may be available for human use within 5 years.
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document discusses trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It provides background on Salmonella, including its classification and the historical perspectives of its discovery. It then discusses definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotics, and the mechanisms by which Salmonella develops resistance to various classes of antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim. Resistance occurs through modification or destruction of antibiotics, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability.
11. political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotics use in europeMerial EMEA
This document discusses the political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotic use in Europe. It covers topics such as antibiotic resistance monitoring, responsible antibiotic use, and volumes and distribution of antibiotics. It notes that antibiotic resistance is an ongoing issue requiring measures like prudent antibiotic use, alternative disease prevention methods, and harmonized surveillance. The document advocates collecting antibiotic usage data and promoting responsible use frameworks as important parts of addressing antibiotic resistance in both animals and humans.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Major Cause for Concern and a Collective Responsi...Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
Antimicrobial resistance poses a major global threat as no new class of antibiotics has been introduced in decades and bacteria are developing resistance faster than new drugs can be developed. Antibiotic overuse and misuse in healthcare, agriculture, and the environment contribute to the rise of resistant bacteria. In response, Ireland and many other countries have implemented national action plans to promote appropriate antibiotic use and strengthen surveillance of resistant infections through improved prescribing, infection control, and public education. Coordinated global efforts are needed to address the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. It describes how antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon, but has become a major public health issue due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and agricultural settings. The article discusses the discovery and early successes of antibiotics, but how resistance emerged soon after their widespread use. It notes the lack of new antibiotic development and the rise of multidrug resistant bacteria as major drivers of the current crisis. The economic and human impacts of antibiotic resistance are also summarized.
Andrew Wakefield published a study in 1998 claiming a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. This led to reduced vaccination rates. An investigation found Wakefield committed ethical violations and intentionally falsified data. In 2010, he was found guilty of professional misconduct and the Lancet retracted his study. While initially influential, extensive subsequent research has found no link between vaccines and autism.
Felicia Wu
John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics
Low use of antimicrobials and healthy productive animals – a possible equation?SIANI
Presentation by Professor Ulf Magnusson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences/ SLU Global at the event: Low use of antimicrobials and healthy productive animals – a possible equation? At FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy 19th of October, 2016.
This document summarizes recent advances in biological viruses. It discusses how researchers used gene editing to create pigs resistant to the costly Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus. It also describes the discovery of a novel giant virus infecting marine algae in Hawaii waters. Additionally, it outlines how a study revealed a new path of viral evolution through host recognition protein mutations. The document concludes by summarizing research that identified the first treatment for the deadly Marburg virus and findings that Pandoraviruses can invent their own genes.
Newer approaches are needed to address antibiotic resistance, which has been a problem for 50 years. Doctors and farmers should only use antibiotics when necessary and complete full prescriptions. People and the agriculture sector can help by vaccinating, practicing good hygiene, and limiting antibiotic use in healthy animals. While new antibiotics are in development, none will work against the most dangerous resistant bacteria. A global, multi-sector effort is required to address this growing problem.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perceptio...John Blue
Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perception vs. reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, M.D., former U.S. Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Food Safety, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
WHO - AMR Global Overview and Action Planmarkovingian
Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
This document discusses dual use research and some potential threats to humanity. It defines dual use research as biological research with a legitimate scientific purpose that could potentially be misused to threaten public health or national security. It examines several case studies where research had both benefits but also risks if misused, such as enhancing pathogens or understanding how to defeat immune systems. It discusses sequencing pathogens like anthrax and the risks if that information fell into the wrong hands. Overall, it recommends that researchers carefully weigh the risks and benefits of their work and consider potential dual use implications.
Response of potential stored grain insect pests to bfl 225 multi attractant l...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effectiveness of BFL 225 multi-attractant lure baited traps for monitoring stored grain insect pests in commercial warehouses over 10 months in Southern Nigeria. Traps baited with BFL 225 captured significantly more insects than unbaited traps, including Sitophilus spp., Plodia interpunctella, Tribolium castaneum, Callosobruchus maculatus, Alphitobius laevigatus and Rhyzopertha dominica. The results suggest that BFL 225 baited traps could be useful for early detection and monitoring of potential stored grain pests migrating into warehouses, and help inform integrated pest management strategies in tropical Africa.
The use of antimicrobial in humans and animals, the consequences of this use, the political and economic barriers to improve prudent use and possible solutions for this problem.
This document discusses the ongoing issue of antimicrobial resistance in Europe. It provides data from surveillance networks showing high levels of resistance to certain antibiotics in some countries. For example, resistance to last-line antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae is causing concern. The document also shows increasing trends in carbapenem use in hospitals from 2009-2013. It emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control, and developing new antibiotics to address the public health threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Teixobactin, a new powerful antibiotic, was discovered using a novel method of extracting drugs from previously uncultured soil bacteria. Teixobactin cured severe infections in mice with no side effects and is unlikely to induce bacterial resistance. The method has potential to unlock many new natural compounds that could treat infections and cancer. However, teixobactin has not been tested in humans yet, and studies will take several years, so the drug would not be available for 5-6 years if approved. The discovery illustrates the wealth of potential drugs in the microbial world that have been overlooked due to limitations of traditional discovery methods.
This document discusses the need for new antibiotics to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. It notes that while current technologies have improved our ability to identify potential drug targets, significant challenges remain in developing new antimicrobial drugs and bringing them to market. The document outlines factors contributing to the need for new antibiotics, such as emerging infectious diseases, increasing antibiotic resistance, and the impact of bacterial diseases. It argues that without active support of antibiotic research and development, we may face a potential public health crisis as antibiotic-resistant bacteria proliferate and treatment options dwindle.
Xeraya & Allecra: The Fight Against Gram-Negative Drug-Resistant Bacteria (Hi...Kumaraguru Veerasamy
A brief overview on one of the biggest challenges in the pharmaceutical industry: 5 key gram-negative drug-resistant bacteria strains are infecting millions, and killing thousands every year across the US and Europe. Xeraya Capital, together with Allecra Therapeutics are in the fight against these resistant bacteria.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that threatens modern medicine. When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, it diminishes their effectiveness for all users and makes treatment of infections increasingly difficult. Each year, antimicrobial resistance results in millions of deaths worldwide, comparable to other major diseases. It also has a huge economic impact, with projections of its effect on global GDP measured in trillions of dollars. Resistance spreads through the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock. New alternatives to antibiotics are needed to tackle this problem, along with coordinated global action to strengthen surveillance, promote appropriate use, and foster new drug development.
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global threat as many modern medicines may lose effectiveness against common bacterial infections. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is driving increased resistance worldwide. Finland has one of the lowest rates of antimicrobial resistance in Europe due to early and collaborative efforts between human and veterinary sectors to prudently use antibiotics and prevent infectious diseases. However, imported resistant bacteria remain a risk, and all countries must continue efforts to implement guidelines on prudent antibiotic use, increase awareness, and engage in international cooperation to address this global challenge.
Scientists create 1st new antibiotic in nearly 30 yearsOther Mother
Scientists have discovered the first new antibiotic in nearly 30 years called Teixobactin. It is effective against many common bacterial infections like tuberculosis and C. difficile. Teixobactin works via a novel dual mechanism attacking the building blocks of bacterial cell walls. Testing on mice showed it cleared infections without side effects. This discovery is significant because Teixobactin does not encounter any detectable resistance, which could lead to a new generation of antibiotics. It may be available for human use within 5 years.
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document discusses trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It provides background on Salmonella, including its classification and the historical perspectives of its discovery. It then discusses definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotics, and the mechanisms by which Salmonella develops resistance to various classes of antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim. Resistance occurs through modification or destruction of antibiotics, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability.
11. political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotics use in europeMerial EMEA
This document discusses the political and regulatory aspects of veterinary antibiotic use in Europe. It covers topics such as antibiotic resistance monitoring, responsible antibiotic use, and volumes and distribution of antibiotics. It notes that antibiotic resistance is an ongoing issue requiring measures like prudent antibiotic use, alternative disease prevention methods, and harmonized surveillance. The document advocates collecting antibiotic usage data and promoting responsible use frameworks as important parts of addressing antibiotic resistance in both animals and humans.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Major Cause for Concern and a Collective Responsi...Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
Antimicrobial resistance poses a major global threat as no new class of antibiotics has been introduced in decades and bacteria are developing resistance faster than new drugs can be developed. Antibiotic overuse and misuse in healthcare, agriculture, and the environment contribute to the rise of resistant bacteria. In response, Ireland and many other countries have implemented national action plans to promote appropriate antibiotic use and strengthen surveillance of resistant infections through improved prescribing, infection control, and public education. Coordinated global efforts are needed to address the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. It describes how antibiotic resistance is an ancient phenomenon, but has become a major public health issue due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and agricultural settings. The article discusses the discovery and early successes of antibiotics, but how resistance emerged soon after their widespread use. It notes the lack of new antibiotic development and the rise of multidrug resistant bacteria as major drivers of the current crisis. The economic and human impacts of antibiotic resistance are also summarized.
The document discusses emerging issues related to antibiotics resistance. It provides an overview of the history and modern discoveries of antibiotics. It then covers various applications of antibiotics, the causes of resistance, and strategies to track the global pipeline of antibiotics in development. It also addresses the threats of resistance, predicted impacts of resistance in terms of deaths and economic costs, and strategies to address the ongoing challenges of antibiotic discovery and resistance.
Anti-microbial resistance has become a world health issue today. Therefore it is imperative to know about the methods of acquiring resistance and ways to deal with the situation and prevent resistance.
Intensive care units are considered epicenters of antibiotic resistance due to the frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for critically ill patients, close proximity of patients allowing transmission of resistant bacteria, and presence of chronically ill patients who may harbor resistant bacteria. The overuse of antibiotics in ICUs places significant selective pressure on bacteria to develop resistance. Infections caused by resistant bacteria in ICUs have major impacts on patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Strategies to reduce the emergence and transmission of resistant bacteria in ICUs include minimizing antibiotic use through improved prescribing and surveillance of resistance patterns, implementing strict infection control measures, and optimizing antibiotic therapy based on culture results.
updated statistics about antimicrobial resistance,causes and mechanism of antimicrobial resistances, national antimicrobial policy, national antimicrobial surveillance, new delhi b metallo-lactamase-1 bacteria
Man Vs Microbe - Pre-Apocalyptic Phase Failed? in IJAHSPreethi Selvaraj
This document discusses the ongoing battle between humans and microbes. It notes the rise of antibiotic-resistant superbugs like MDR-TB that are difficult to treat. Factors contributing to this include overprescription of antibiotics and patient non-compliance. It also discusses the threat of biological warfare, from small-scale food poisoning to mass attacks. Modern techniques allow biological agents to be easily spread through aerosols, contaminated food/water, and more. Stronger regulations on antibiotic usage and policies to defend against bioterrorism are needed to prevent a potential "apocalypse."
CDC AR Threats Report'2019 - Key HighlightsTeamZevac
Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health threat, with some antibiotic-resistant bacteria posing an urgent concern. In the US, over 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur annually, causing 35,000 deaths. The CDC has developed a comprehensive action plan to address this threat through improving antibiotic use and access, infection prevention and control, tracking and data collection, and developing new vaccines and therapies. It is also working internationally with organizations like WHO and through initiatives like the AMR Challenge to promote coordinated global action against antibiotic resistance.
Alternatives to Antibiotic Use in Food Animal ProductionPewEnvironment
Stephen Jay, M.D., professor of Medicine and Public Health and past founding chair, Department of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine.
The document discusses the role of diagnostics in preventing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It notes that inappropriate antibiotic use is fueling the emergence of AMR globally and reducing treatment options. Currently 700,000 deaths per year are due to drug-resistant infections and this could rise to 10 million by 2050. Diagnostics can play a key role in optimizing antibiotic use, preserving new drugs, and enabling surveillance. The document outlines FIND's strategy to develop and promote rapid diagnostic tests to improve rational antibiotic use in low-resource settings and preserve antibiotics by enabling more targeted treatment.
This document discusses multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) such as MRSA, C. difficile, and CRE. It notes that at least 2 million Americans get infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria each year, resulting in 23,000 deaths. The direct medical costs of these healthcare-associated infections range from $35.7-45 billion annually. While screening and isolation precautions can help control the spread of certain MDROs like MRSA, antibiotic overuse in medicine and agriculture continues to drive resistance. Comprehensive tracking of MDROs is needed to fully understand and address the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)ILRI
This document discusses the need for a One Health approach to address pandemics and zoonotic diseases at their human-animal-environment interface. It outlines seven major drivers of zoonotic disease emergence, including increased demand for animal protein and unsustainable agricultural intensification. At least one billion people are impacted by endemic livestock diseases each year. A One Health approach is necessary to prepare for, detect, prevent, and respond to pandemics and endemics through coordinated action and investment in health systems from the local to global levels. Science also has an important role to play in understanding disease transmission and developing universal vaccines.
Culling of livestock has traditionally been used to control disease outbreaks but has several disadvantages. It negatively impacts biodiversity, genetic diversity of breeds, and small scale farmers. It is also emotionally difficult and expensive. Computer models could simulate alternative husbandry practices like organic agriculture and local food systems to examine their impact on disease spread and economic costs compared to current industrialized practices. This may help identify more sustainable approaches to disease control.
This document summarizes the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance on a global scale. It discusses how antibiotic use can disrupt the gut microbiome and encourage resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance genes are able to spread rapidly between bacteria and across international borders. The overuse of antibiotics in agriculture and aquaculture has contributed to the rise and dissemination of resistant pathogens in the environment. Addressing antimicrobial resistance will require a coordinated global effort across human health, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and the environment through prudent antibiotic use and surveillance.
When bacteria resist the effects of an antimicrobial agent, it is referred to as resistant.
If a bacterial strain is exceedingly resistant to almost every known/antibiotics available, it is informally called “a superbug” or “a super bacterium” implying a super fighter against antimicrobial agents (Reinhardt, 2010).
A single low-cost 2.5mg dose of vitamin D was found to boost the immune system's ability to fight tuberculosis (TB) for at least 6 weeks in a randomized controlled trial. Over 90% of TB patients studied in London hospitals had vitamin D deficiency. While vitamin D supplements were commonly used to treat TB before antibiotics, this is the first study to show that vitamin D supplementation can enhance immunity against mycobacteria that cause TB. A single large dose of vitamin D was found to enhance immunity at low cost and with no safety risks, suggesting vitamin D supplements could significantly impact people most at risk for TB.
Vaccine Victories Against Microbial Resistance - Dr. Donald F. GersonPnuVax
Antibiotic resistance has reduced treatment options for infectious diseases, but vaccines have been highly successful at preventing disease without pathogens developing resistance. Vaccines work by eliciting a specific immune response, whereas antibiotics non-specifically kill microbes, allowing resistance to develop. While antibiotic use is necessary, overuse has accelerated resistance development. Increased vaccine coverage and development of new vaccines offer the best strategy to control infectious diseases without resistance issues.
Similar to Life After the Golden Age of Antibacterials (20)
This talk was given during the TIMPUYOG TALK SERIES: Integrating Social Media to Medical Practice #SocialMDs organized the UP College of Medicine Regionalization Students' Organization together with the Regionalization Program Committee held at the Buenafe Hall, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila on November 15, 2019, Friday, 5:00 PM.
This presentation gave an overview on how social media can be used by medical trainees for professional development and networking.
Medical Breakthroughs from the "Baliw na Baliw sa (Biotechnology) Research"Ourlad Alzeus Tantengco
This talk was given during the pre-event Symposium on Biotechnology in Healthcare by the Food and Development Administration of the Philippines.
Almost all of the medical innovations (i.e. medicine, vaccines, diagnostic tests etc) that are available to us are products of years of basic science and clinical research. Medical innovations have resulted in improved health and quality of life worldwide. These medical breakthroughs do not happen overnight. They require years of research and discovery and a huge amount of financial support to fund research facilities and human resources. This talk will introduce the long process of how biotechnology research is translated into clinics and public health. Current medical biotechnology researches in the Philippines and abroad will also be discussed. Some of the current medical biotechnology researches being conducted in the Philippines include rapid dengue diagnostic kits, Philippine herbal medicines, and Filipino cardiovascular genetics. These researches continuously revolutionize healthcare in the Philippines. Likewise, groundbreaking biotechnology researches from all other countries also open up new treatment and prevention for different diseases such as HIV, cancer, and metastases. These researches continue to advance modern medicine to address health and development issues worldwide. Continuous partnership and collaboration among the academe, industry, and the government is crucial in supporting more medical biotechnology researches that will provide cheaper and more efficient diagnostics, vaccines and medicines.
This talk was given during the 2nd Academic Colloquium: Japan Academic Exchanges at the UP College of Medicine on October 10, 2019. I shared the my research experience at Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital. I also shared the research collaborations of other MD/PhD students with different Japanese institutions.
Communication has always been an integral part of the scientific endeavor. The work of a scientist will only be finished when it has been communicated. Social networks support both faster and more interactive ways of communicating Science to a wider audience. Twitter is among the most popular social networks at present, integrating a community of over 500 million users around the world. However, based on a 2014 survey, only 13% of 3,500 scientists worldwide actively visit Twitter.
Scientists can get a lot of benefits from using Twitter. It can be used for communicating research findings to the scientific community and to the public. Twitter allows users to follow Science influencers, to stay updated with research breakthroughs and opportunities, and to interact with other researchers. Twitter can also be helpful in research dissemination and readership. Previous studies have shown a strong association between science communication and citation rates. It also has a great potential to increase the reach of scientific messages and promote direct engagement with non-scientific audiences such as the public, media, policymakers, etc.
In today's world where there has been an alarming increase in anti-scientific trends and fake news, scientific voices are rapidly disappearing. Twitter is an excellent platform for scientists to craft a personal online brand to educate the public with evidence-based Science. To counter the perpetuation of fake news online, we need more scientists online who are willing to develop their own brands and to engage a generally bewildered populace.
This presentation will tackle the use of Twitter in Science communication, the benefits of using Twitter for researchers, and the steps on how scientists can maximize Twitter to advance their careers. Evidences showing the impact of Twitter in scientific production and dissemination, as well as networking and collaboration with other researchers will also be discussed.
This presentation was given during the orientation of the applicants of the MD-PhD in Molecular Medicine Program of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine. I shared in this presentation a glimpse of my life as an MD-PhD student.
This talk was given during their Summer Immersion Workshop 2018 in CH222, Calderon Hall last February 3, 2018. I was invited by the UP Regionalization Students Organization to give a talk about the different research regulatory bodies for the Regionalization Program students of UP College of Medicine.
I will share in this presentation my journey as an MD-PhD in Molecular Medicine student. Get to know the different things that I do inside and outside the medical school. Learn also how you can maximize your potential as a medical student / MD-PhD student.
Beginner's guide to establishing social media presence for health education2Ourlad Alzeus Tantengco
This presentation was given during the Track 2: Social Media in Medical Education of the 4th Philippine Healthcare and Social Media Summit 2018 in Grand Regal Hotel, Davao City, Philippines. This presentation talks about strategies in establishing Facebook page for health promotion and education.
This presentation was given during the Track 2: Social Media in Medical Education of the 4th Philippine Healthcare and Social Media Summit 2018 in Grand Regal Hotel, Davao City, Philippines. This presentation describes the use of different social media tools for undergraduate medical education and research.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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1. Life After the
Golden Age of
Antibacterials
OURLAD ALZEUS G. TANTENGCO
MD-PhD Molecular Medicine Candidate
College of Medicine, UP Manila
Biocon 2018: Insights on the Latest Trends on Applied Biological
Sciences. Ozanam AVR, Adamson University. February 22, 2018
13. Antibiotic resistance crisis
An increase in resistant organisms
+
A limited number of new antimicrobial drugs
=
a problematic scenario
“The pharmaceutical industry has largely turned away from antibiotic research due to the low
likelihood of getting a return on investment. Any new class of antibiotics would need to be used
sparingly to conserve their effectiveness, meaning sales would be slow.” - WSJ
14. Post-antibiotic era
Currently:
- 80% of gonorrhoeal infections are now resistant to antibiotics.
- 440,000 new cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis annually.
Sally Davies (Britain’s Chief Medical Officer)
“Antibiotic resistance should be added to the list of
national emergencies”.
In the future:
- Strep throat to a scraped knee could kill you.
- A simple hip replacement would result in 1 and 6 deaths.
- The cost to treat drug-resistant cases is estimated to be at
least double.
15. Top 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity in the
Philippines (2013)
16. Top 10 Leading Causes of Mortality in the
Philippines (2013)
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. “What is the use of treating
people, only to send them
back to conditions that gave
rise to their illness in the first
place?”
Commission on the Social
Determinants of Health, 2008
31. The Davos Declaration
“International pharmaceutical, diagnostics and biotechnology companies, as well as key industry bodies,
have come together to work in parallel in taking comprehensive action against drug-resistant infections “.
1. Reducing the development of drug resistance.
2. Increasing investment in R&D that meets global public health needs.
3. Improve access to high-quality antibiotics for all.
32. Discovering Antibiotics in New Ways
Teixobactin:
A new class of antibiotics
Binds to lipids that build the cell wall.
In the Nature study, teixobactin was shown to kill Staphylococcus
aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis without the bacteria
developing a resistance to the antibiotic.
iChip
33.
34. 'One Health' is an approach to designing and implementing programmes, policies,
legislation and research in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to
achieve better public health outcomes.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39. We can all take a tiny
step to address an
overwhelming
problem of antibiotic
resistance
Editor's Notes
Before the antibiotic era, 5 women died out of every 1,000 who gave birth. One out of every nine skin infections killed. Three out of every 10 people who got pneumonia died from it.
There was nothing they can do because the medicines to treat these infection did not exist yet. The first antibiotic penicillin is several years in the future.
Fleming’s legendary discovery of penicillin occurred in 1928, while he was investigating staphylococcus, a common type of bacteria that causes boils and can also cause disastrous infections in patients with weakened immune systems. Before Fleming left for a two-week vacation, a petri dish containing a staphylococcus culture was left on a lab bench and never placed in the incubator as intended. Somehow, in preparing the culture, a Penicillium mold spore had been accidentally introduced into the medium—perhaps coming in through a window, or more likely floating up a stairwell from the lab below where various molds were being cultured. The temperature conditions that prevailed during Fleming’s absence permitted both the bacteria and the mold spores to grow; had the incubator been used, only the bacteria could have grown.
Antibiotics changed the field of medicine. Suddenly infection which used to be a death sentence became something we recover from in a matter of days. It’s like a miracle.
Historically people die due to infectious disease because they do not live long enough to have degenerative and lifestyle diseases. But now we see a paradigm shift from 46% deaths in 1910 due to infection to just 3% in 2010.
We are coming to an end of it. We stand today at the threshold of the post antibiotic era. If you go to hospitals, people are dying due to nosocomial infections and most of the time these bacteria do not respond to our first line of antibiotics. People are dying of infections again because of the phenomenon called antibiotic resistance.
Bacteria produce substances specifically to kill other nearby bacteria in order to gain an advantage when competing for food, water or other limited resources. This is actually the source of our first antibiotics. We studied these substances in the lab and synthesized them.
But bacteria, evolve and develop defense against these compounds.
But bacteria and other pathogens have always evolved so that they can resist the new drugs that medicine has used to combat them.
We produce antibiotics and the bacteria develop resistance. It has been like that for almost 70 years. This is now a war, and one we are in severe danger of losing.
So it is not surprising that there are infections that out of more than 100 antimicrobials in the market, only two will work, with side effects, some only one, some none
The North Carolinan strain of Klebsiella turned that idea on its head. It produced an enzyme, dubbed KPC (for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase), that broke down carbapenems. What’s more, the gene that encoded the enzyme sat on a plasmid, a piece of DNA that can move easily from one bacterium to another. Carbapenem resistance had arrived.
The enzyme is worrisome because it arms bacteria against carbapenems, a group of last-resort antibiotics. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)[1] is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. Such bacteria are usually susceptible only to polymyxins and tigecycline.[2]
Resistance has increasingly become a problem in recent years because the pace at which we are discovering novel antibiotics has slowed drastically, while antibiotic use is rising
Without antibiotics, we will lose a lot of medical procedures, surgeries, dialysis, installation of foreign objects such as valve replacement, pacemaker, hip replacement.
More than anything else we will lose the confident way we live our everyday lives. If you knew that a simple wound can kill you, will you still go out, play, do sports and all of the things that you enjoy?
Today, economist Jim O’Neill’s 2016 Review on Antimicrobial Resistance for the UK government, states that 700,000 people worldwide die annually from AMR-related infections, and a predicted death toll of 10 million by 2050 will make AMR the world’s biggest cause of death, above cancer.
How did we get to this point? That we are at the threshold of golden epoch of antibiotics and what we look forward is the most terrifying phenomenon of deaths ue to antibiotic resistance?
Albert Alexander had scratched his face on a rose bush, the wound had become infected and the infection had spread
We think that this will only affect people who are in ICU, people who are at the end of their life.
When more people are exposed to more antibiotics, resistance is likely to build faster. And new alternatives are scarce, Kallen says, as the pace of developing novel antibiotics has slowed.
The vast majority of all those antibiotics sold for use in livestock aren’t being given to chickens, pigs and cows that are sick. Instead, they are being mixed in with food and water and fed to food animals routinely to promote faster growth and prevent disease in crowded, stressful, and unsanitary conditions—essentially as a substitute for better management practices.
As of April 1st, 2016, a total of 98 companies and 11 industry associations in 21 countries have signed the Declaration.
We were previously limited by our ability to isolate bacteria on media in the lab (predicted to support only 1% microbial growth). By culturing in situ we increase our odds of developing new antibiotics (50% grow).
Eleftheria terrae
Kim Lewis at Northeastern
'One Health' is an approach to designing and implementing programmes, policies, legislation and research in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to achieve better public health outcomes.
The areas of work in which a One Health approach is particularly relevant include food safety, the control of zoonoses (diseases that can spread between animals and humans, such as flu, rabies and Rift Valley Fever), and combatting antibiotic resistance (when bacteria change after being exposed to antibiotics and become more difficult to treat).